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2003 Vol.1 No.1
Published 2003-03-31
Articles
1
YANG Zhen-Fu
2003 Vol. 1 (1): 1-2 [
Abstract
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1010
) [
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1086KB] (
1137
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3
CHEN Guo-Fang
2003 Vol. 1 (1): 3-4 [
Abstract
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1023
) [
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1KB] [
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1208KB] (
1080
)
5
LI Wen-Hua
2003 Vol. 1 (1): 5-7 [
Abstract
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1179
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1KB] [
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1806KB] (
1399
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8
DONG San-Lang
Construction of Environment Conservation Forest and "Green Space“
Under the notion of "nature and human being merge into one" , with the development of modern science promoting, the shelter belt should be incorporated the new stage of dynamic, systematic science, which focusing on prevention of natural disaster.This paper attempts to put forward the term "green space" in theory,that is "forest space", which characterizes the equity on the level of space and time. It inevitably urges forest and human being to develop the common biological characteristics, (so that) "lives and dies together and coexists to share honor". This causes the construction of environment conservation forest including various shelter belts to become a sustainable common task of human being. For that, Japan established a forest space research institute in 1983. Since then, by a decade of practice, preliminarily the "bioblock" model system method is taken for effective.
2003 Vol. 1 (1): 8-10 [
Abstract
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1335
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1511KB] (
1163
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11
CUI Feng-；Yang-Kun-；Chen-Jie
Relationship Between Occurrence of Debris Flow and Antecedent Precipitation:Taking the Jiangjia Gully as An Example
Characteristics of precipitation in source area of debris flow in Jiangjia Gully is presented corresponding to the occurrences of debris flow. The relationship between rainfall and debris flow occurrence and the impacts of antecedent precipitation on occurrence of debris flow and are discussed. It is found that the moisture of soil varies greatly and the intensity of short duration rainfall triggering debris flow changes in different part of rainfall period. Experiment indicates that the attenuation coefficient of antecedent rainfall is 0.78. The method of principal components analysis is applied to study the impact of the rainfall factors on occurrence of debris flow in order to understand the contribution of antecedent precipitation. The results show the contribution of antecedent precipitation is maximum. Questions are raised for further study.
2003 Vol. 1 (1): 11-15 [
Abstract
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1589
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2489KB] (
1520
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16
XIE Zhi-Han-；Liu-Bao-Yuan-；Zhang-Wen-Bei-；Fu-Su-Hua-；Xu-Chun-Da
Study on Rainfall Erosivity and Its Spatial Distribution in Beijing
The study was to estimate the rainfall erosivity of Beijing and analyze the spatial distribution. Precipitation data from 20 weather stations in Beijing were used. The results indicated the equation
R
= 5.256 2FF1.305 7 was fit for estimating the erosivity, in which
F
F
was an index based on monthly rainfall amount. With the equation, for each of 113sites of Beijing, the erosivity was calculated and an isoline map of erosivity was plotted. It is found from the map that the Rainfall erosivity of Beijing varied from 2 214.0 to 6 682.7 MJ·mm·hm
-2
2h·
-1
·a
-1
. The value of erosivity was high in the northern and western mountainous area, then decreased to eastern and southern direction.
2003 Vol. 1 (1): 16-20 [
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1639
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2369KB] (
1553
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21
DUAN Chu-Fu-；Zhou-Yu-Chi-；Liu-Da-Gen
Prevention and Control Regionalization and Countermeasures Against Erosion in Beijing
There are serious soil erosion problems in Beijing mountain area, where floods and debris floods happen frequently . Prevention and control areas of soil erosion in Beijing have been divided into three parts: Prevention and Protection areas, Monitoring areas and Control areas, based on protection purposes, soil erosion intensity and potential erosion danger, with technologies of GIS. The strategy for soil erosion prevention and control is suggested.
2003 Vol. 1 (1): 21-24 [
Abstract
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1652
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1KB] [
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2185KB] (
1299
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25
RUAN Fu-Shui
Study on Gully Erosion of the Granite Slope in Fujian Province
Based on the fields survey and measured data obtained from the slope-spots and gauge stations of silt-runoff, the analyses on the erosion mechanism, development and the modulus of sediment yield of the deferent types of gullies in the granite areas have been conducted, and some qualitative models have been established. The results show that the section on the convex slope is apt to the gullies development, and the protective measures should be focus on the slope. The modulus of sediment yield of collapsing hill-gullies can reach 60 000 -100 000 t/km
2
·a, which would be critical problem , and some protective measures for the collapsing hill-gullies control should be urgent carried out.
2003 Vol. 1 (1): 25-29 [
Abstract
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1391
) [
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1KB] [
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2437KB] (
1485
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30
DIAO Ming-Jun-；Wang-Li-Xian
Preliminary Study on the Regional Allocation of Eco-environmental Conservation in the Yellow River Basin of Inner Mongolia
Based on the eco-environmental and social economic condition of the Yellow river watershed in Inner Mongoli-a, the paper comprehensively analyzed the cause of soil erosion and water loss, desertification, salination, dune activation and other eco-environmental problems in this area, and pointed out that the main reason for the problem mentioned above includes the excessive deforestation, overgrazing of grassland, over reclamation of land and unreasonable use of water resources. On the basis of eco-environmental conservation division, control measures for each region are put forward.
2003 Vol. 1 (1): 30-34 [
Abstract
] (
1478
) [
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1KB] [
PDF
2623KB] (
1338
)
35
TU Xin-Xiao-；Cheng-Gen-Wei-；Diao-Yu-Chao-；Zhang-Zhi-Jiang
Study on Distributed Hydrological Model in Forest Watershed
A physically-based distributed hydrological model of forest watershed is developed. Response of precipitation input and forest vegetation change on hydrological process of dark coniferous forest ecosystem is simulated through changing the precipitation and forest vegetation parameters in the model.
2003 Vol. 1 (1): 35-40 [
Abstract
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1170
) [
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1KB] [
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2874KB] (
1453
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41
CAO Wen-Hong
Advocate Developing Soil and Water Conservation with Water-saving in the Loess Plateau
Based on the past 50 years' harnessing achievement and experience of the Loess Plateau, the soil and water conservation in the Arid or Semi-arid region has been re-analyzed. It indicates that the reduction of runoff from soil and water conservation should not be neglected, arbor plants should be planted moderately, relation between the engineering works of gully and the biological measures of the slope land is interdependent. Water and soil loss in construction of fundamental facilities should be prevented as soon as possible in the great development of western China. In the view of the whole watershed, soil and water conservation with water-saving is advocated, and the harnessing emphasis might be the sedimentary and coarse-sediment area on the Loess Plateau. According to community characteristics of vegetation and zone distribution theory, it is necessary to adjust measures to local conditions in afforestation and grass planting, choose grass or trees enduring drought and barren but high water-consuming vegetation, construct drainage installation in check dams with different scale for sediment and drainage.
2003 Vol. 1 (1): 41-44 [
Abstract
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1456
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1KB] [
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2419KB] (
1220
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45
ZHANG Wei-Jiang-；Li-Shi-Rong-；He-Kang-Ning
Preliminary Studies on Eco-environmental Water Consumption of Shanxi
Eco-environmental water consumption is an important problems demanding prompt solution in eco-environmental improvement. This paper first discusses the definition of eco-environment water consumption, combines the actually eco-environmental of Shanxi province, eco-environmental water consumption is divided into four types, including these of forest-vegetation, soil and water conservation, river and city eco-environmental water Consumption. Water consumption by forest-vegetation is shown using actual evapotranspiration, it is found that the total amount of the province is over 346-477 mm. Based on correspondence analysis to small watersheds, soil and water conservation eco-environmental water consumption is indicated by reduction of runoff depth, the reduction of runoff depth is 17.62 mm ( Huanghe watershed) 27.34 mm (Haihe watershed) due to the watershed soil and water conservation. According to analyzing perennial average month minimum runoff volume, perennial average month maximum sediment concentration, perennial average sediment discharge, calculates river eco-environment water consumption. According to analyzing water consumption of urban lake, green spaces in urban area, recharge of ground water, urban street, calculates urban eco-environmental water consumption.
2003 Vol. 1 (1): 45-48 [
Abstract
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1480
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1KB] [
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2119KB] (
1309
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49
SHU Qing-Ke-；Shu-Jin-Zhao
Study on Niche of Agroforestry Systems in the Loess Plateau
Based on the investigating spatial structure of roots of trees and wheat in interface and nearby soil between forest belt and crops in agroforestry systems on the Loess Plateau, the niche breadth, niche overlap indexes and niche similarity ratio were calculated according to structure of absorbing roots of trees and wheat. The feature of niche in water and nutrients of trees and wheat in agroforestry systems were analyzed. There is niche breadth of wheat mostly in the soil between 0-40 cm. Alth6ugh there is niche breadth of trees in the soil where ranges from under trees to 1
H
and 0-100 cm, there is niche breadth of trees mostly in the soil where ranges from 0-100 cm under trees, 0-60 cm in 0.5
H
to 0-20 cm in 1H. The niche breadth of trees is bigger than that of wheat, so trees can use water and nutrient in deep-layer soil. It makes for alleviating competition for water and nutrient between trees and wheat. But trees are in dominant position for competition in agroforestry systems. There is niche overlap between trees and wheat within 1
H
and mostly within 0.5
H
. It becomes negative impacting crops that can be alleviated by saving irrigation and fertilization.
2003 Vol. 1 (1): 49-52 [
Abstract
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1350
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1KB] [
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2056KB] (
1124
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53
LI Jin-Yo
Promote the Soil and Water Conservation of Forest by Best Management Practices
This paper presents the results of an inventory of water resource conservation forest of watershed studies in connection with development of hillslope' s problems in Taiwan. Most of the studies described in this paper currently are under investigation, a few of the studies have been terminated. The study is to present an integrated approach to watershed management to those who are now, or in future will be, responsible for the management of precious water resources, and to build on the experiences of many individuals and agencies around the world as they have grappled with the challenge of integrated watershed management. The present works analyses the feasibility and necessity of development of the information system of watershed management according to the theory of the information system management. Water and land resources are major elements to support human development, their degradation will seriously influence the sustain-ability of human economic development. A standard operation procedure (SOP) of best management practices (BMPs) sustainability indicators was suggested in this study.
2003 Vol. 1 (1): 53-59 [
Abstract
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1213
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1KB] [
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3600KB] (
1543
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60
DI Meng-Pu
Concept for Vegetation Rehabilitation and Construction in the North-west Region of China
The thesis probes into the conceptions for vegetation restoration and construction in the North-west region of China. 8 principles are put forward and required when implementing the vegetation construction projects which include cropland conversion to forest, nature forest conservation, sand land prevention and control, etc. Those principles are as follows: unified layout with harmony; constructing multi-type vegetations and giving priority to local vegetation; combining artificial and nature means with focusing on nature ways; integrating protection, development and utilization with centering on protection; fully using seed resources with stressing on local tree species;rational utilizing water resources with emphasizing on constructing no irrigation vegetation; combining tree, shrub and grass while shrub and grass take priority; using different kinds of propagation materials with focusing on seed breeding and nature "clone".
2003 Vol. 1 (1): 60-63 [
Abstract
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1707
) [
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1KB] [
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2016KB] (
1648
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64
CAO Guo-Jiang-；Diao-Liang-Beng-；Diao-Ting-Ning-；Guo-Hong-Zhong-；Chen-Beng-Beng
Study on the Zoning of Forestry Eco-environment Conservation in China
In this paper, based on synthetical analysis of the characteristics of ecological environments of China, referenced results of geographical, ecological and national ecology environmental regionalization completed, the objects, range, principles and foundations of forestry ecological regionalization are discussed, while the systems of indexes and naming are established. At last, the results that there are 8 regions,40 type regions, 154 sub-regions are divided in national scale.
2003 Vol. 1 (1): 64-69 [
Abstract
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1234
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1KB] [
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2529KB] (
1376
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70
HU Jian-Zhong-；Shu-Jin-Zhao-；Zhou-Xin-Cheng
Analysis on Disturbance Effect of Vegetation System and the Rehabilitation Policy
Elastic limit and plastic limit appear after a disturbance to vegetation system. The strain of a vegetation system can be rehabilitated by the ability of self-organization at the light disturbance which is under the elastic limit. The moderate and high strain can be restored with the combination of nature and manpower at the disturbance of moderate and high stress which are lasted between elastic and plastic limits. At the plastic limit or breakpoint of violent disturbance, breakdown of the vegetation system takes place completely and thus artificial reafforestation is needed. Vegetation protection ensures the achievements of restoration and reconstruction of vegetation. A natural vegetation succession occurs spontaneously or with the suitable man measures after the continuous disturbance is removed.
2003 Vol. 1 (1): 70-73 [
Abstract
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2187
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1KB] [
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1961KB] (
1366
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74
WANG Ke-Qi-；Chen-Ai-Ba
Forest Environment of Artificial Eco-forest of Jinshajiang Dry-hot Volley
Although the range of distribution of Jinshajiang dry-hot volley is not universal, it has a very important influence on ecological environmental quality of Jinshajiang watersheds and is the key area in the construction of Jinshajiang e-cological environment. Due to the characteristics of extremely hot and dry climate, it is hard to build the artificial eco-forest. The environmental determination in the typical sector of dry-hot volley Yuanmou showed that the forest s micro-environment of the existing arboreous eco-forests was not good. The irradiation intensity, the daily average value of air-temperature (27.37℃) and the surface soil temperature (32.54℃) in forest F
an
was only 20.7% , 0.14℃and 3.31℃ less than open field respectively. The average soil moisture of 0 - 100 cm soil layer in F
1
, F
2
and F
3
in spring was 6.84%, 5.83% and 9.16%. It was only 9.83% in forest F
an
also. The soil moisture of natural grass slop with
Cheteropogoh cantortus community
in this season was 13.20% in comparison with the artificial eucalyptus forest. As a result , the trees grew slowly. Take the ten-year-old forest (
Form Eucalyptus camaldulensis
) for example, the average tree height in the forest F
1
was 9.46 m and the average diameter at breast height 8.68 cm; on the contrary, the average height in the forest F
2
was only 7.22 m and average diameter was even smaller (3.97 cm) . The growth of trees in larger density forest wasn' t evidently normal. The optimum forest structure couldn' t be built in the high density artificial arboreous eco-forest in dry-hot volley area. The growth status of sparse trees and disperse trees was all right.
2003 Vol. 1 (1): 74-79 [
Abstract
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1267
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1KB] [
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2747KB] (
1218
)
80
ZHOU Jin-Xing-；Chen-Gao-；Zhang-Fu-Qing-；Ca-Jiang-Guo
Evaluation of Ecological Security in Duolun County
The evaluation of ecological security is an important part of evaluation for territory resources, it is an important base of synthetic management and utilization and macro control. By studying ecological brittle situation of desertification region which is based Duolun county, results show the ecological security evaluation index system and construct principle , divide groups of coefficient by adopting quantity principle and method, definite coefficient weight by using related degree analysis, and put forward security coefficient and calculated method to measure ecological security. The factors affecting ecological security are soil nutrient, vegetation, moisture and the ground erodibility. The study put forwards indexes to evaluate ecological safety according to magisterial factors and replaceable regular such as organic matter of soil, percentage of plant coverage, rainfall and clayey content. Based on these, the effectiveness of each factor is calculated, and the ecological safety coefficient of the every land-using plot in Duolun County is worked out, and the ecological safe appraisement picture about Duolun County is painted by CIS technique. This research technique can be used for reference in regional ecological safety evaluation.
2003 Vol. 1 (1): 80-84 [
Abstract
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1326
) [
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1KB] [
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2482KB] (
1510
)
85
ZHANG Ke-Bin-；Wang-Jin-Lin-；Hou-Rui-Ping-；Li-Rui-；Yang-Xiao-Hui
Study on the Land Desertification and Its Control in the Crop-grazing Crisscross Area of China: Taking Yanchi County in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region as Example
Based on historical data and by fixed sample plot observation with mathematical methods of Markov Chain and Fuzzy Pattern Recognition, desertification pattern, development and its trend in transition region from agricultural area to rangeland of Yanchi, Ningxia were studied. The results show that ( 1 ) the annual increment rate of desertification in Yanchi in past 40 years was 4.03% . (2)the main causes of desertification in Yanchi are human irrational activities of overcultivation,overgrazing and over collection of fuel wood and Chinese herb medicine based on the fragile ecological condition. (3)desertified land in Yanchi will be treated by strictly implementation of law and regulation related desertification combating and national key projects of reversion of arable land to forest and rangeland, otherwise, desertification will become more serious. The continuous implementation of policy of reversion of arable land to forest and rangeland will be the key factor related to the desertification combating in Yanchi.
2003 Vol. 1 (1): 85-90 [
Abstract
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1482
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3138KB] (
1533
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91
LI Yun-；Wang-Shu-Zhi-；Tian-Yan-Ting-；Luo-Xiao-Fang
Study on Tissue Culture of Tetraploid Black Locus Clone and Anatomical Observation on the Development of Adventitious Roots and Structure of Leaves
A micro-propagation system for tetraploid black locust (
Robinia pseudoacacia
) was established by using its shoots. The optimum medium for shoot multiplication and growth was MS + BA0.5 mg·L
-1
+ NAA0. 1 mg·L
-1
. The best medium for rooting was 1/2 MS + IBA 0.4 mg·L
-1
+ NAA0.25 mg·L
-1
. The adventitious root development of shoots in test tube was also observed by means of the anatomical method. Latent root primordium was not found in shoots in test tubes. The induced root primordium which originated from the division and differentiation of pith ray cell developed into the adventitious roots. It had been proved that survival percentage had been increased by means of the plantlets acclimated through leaf anatomical observation.
2003 Vol. 1 (1): 91-94 [
Abstract
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1280
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2163KB] (
1182
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95
HU Zhen-Hua-；Wang-Chi-Guo
Daily Evaportranspiration Models for Slopes of Loess Gully Area in Western Shanxi Province
Based on the physical mechanism of evaportranspiration, this paper analyzed main factors affecting slope e-vaportranspiration in loess gully area of Western Shanxi province; put forward evaportranspiration models of slope soil in the condition of unsaturated soil moisture. It is shown that the slope gradient, aspect, soil moisture, maximum temperature , vegetation coverage are the major factors affecting slope evaportranspiration. The models may be used well in precise computing ecological water requirement and guiding of soil and water conservation in small watershed.
2003 Vol. 1 (1): 95-98 [
Abstract
] (
1671
) [
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1673KB] (
1403
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99
GAO Chang-Zhen-；Wang-Chi-Guo-；Hou-Xin-Meng-；Zheng-De-Cong
Study on a New Raindrop Sample Based on Filter-paper Method
The degree of the overlapping raindrop stains is a main factor influencing the accuracy evaluating the distribution of the raindrops. For the overlapping avoidance, a new sampler with a cover of cone frustum like was designed. A mathematical model for the sampler was established also. Therefore, an optimum cone type has been got, which was 52 mm high with a 45°slope angle and a 150 mm diameter circle top. It was proved on the same test conditions that the overlapping area of raindrop stains decreased by 60.6 mm
2
and 42.0 mm
2
for the median diameter of 4.2 mm raindrop and 1.7 mm raindrop respectively.
2003 Vol. 1 (1): 99-102 [
Abstract
] (
1461
) [
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1KB] [
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5041KB] (
1196
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103
SONG Ru-Hua-；Bi-Hua-Xin-；Zhong-Bei-Li-；A-Bu-He-Shi
Impacts of DEM Resolution and Surface Fitting Methods on Slope Estimation
The paper studies the impacts of DEMs resolution and surface fitting methods on slope estimation in following aspects ,(1)3 different algorithms for surface fitting (minimum curvature method, inverse distance method and profiles method) have been used to derive DEM, the result showed that different surface fitting methods have little impact on slope estimation; (2) 7 DEM resolutions (the DEM grid size is 10 m, 20 m, 30 m, 40 m, 50 m, 100 m and 200 m respectively) were selected to compare the difference of slope estimation from DEM, the result shows that DEM resolution has a significant effect on the slope estimation. Average slope become smaller and standard deviation become larger when DEM resolution from fine to coarse; and (3) The different impacts of DEMs resolution on different slope ranges. Slope was further classified into 14 narrow groups, the cumulative frequency of slope shows that DEM resolution has different impact on slope estimation in different slope groups, these impacts mostly can be classified into 3 classes according to gradient, they are 0° - 10°, 10° - 35°, and more than 35°. In these classes, slope is underestimated (slope range from 0°to 10°), overestimated (slope range from 10° to 35°), or here is little impact on slope estimation (when slope is steeper than 35°) , respectively by DEM with coarse resolution.
2003 Vol. 1 (1): 103-107 [
Abstract
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1559
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2047KB] (
1181
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108
YANG Ai-Min-；Long-Wei-Chu-；Li-Tie-Zheng-；Wang-Gao-；Tang-Ke-Wang
Review on the Researches of Soil and Water Losses Economic Estimation
The purpose and significance of Soil and water losses economic estimation were discussed. Researching results both at home and abroad were reviewed and analyzed and their shortcomings were pointed out in order to supply references to future researches in this field.
2003 Vol. 1 (1): 108-110 [
Abstract
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1467
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1460KB] (
1483
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