LIU Jing, WANG Yong, HOU Ning, ZHANG Hanyu, ZHA Lin, LU Xiuyuan, LI Fucheng
Effects of wheat root on the characteristic of soil micro-aggregates at different slope positions of purple hill slope
[Background] The interaction between tillage erosion and water erosion causes soil and water losses in hilly croplands, which is a severe problem in hilly area with purple soil. In order to provide a scientific basis for the effects of wheat roots on water and soil conservation, the impacts of wheat roots on the composition and stability of soil micro-aggregates at different slope positions in purple soil were analyzed.[Methods] Two linear slopes were selected as the study site, which have an average gradient of 23%, and a horizontal length of 20 m. The whole slope was divided into 5 sample points:1 m, 5 m, 10 m, 15 m, and 20 m from the hill top to bottom. One slope where the typical wheat was cultivated was used as the treatment plot, while the other without wheat was used as the control plot. Five fractions (0.05-0.25 mm, 0.01-0.05 mm, 0.005-0.01 mm, 0.001-0.005 mm, and <0.001 mm) of soil micro-aggregates were obtained by field survey and laboratory analysis, and the micro-aggregates stability indicators included the mean weight diameter of aggregates (MWD), the mean weight soil surface area (MWSSA), and the fractal dimension (D).[Results] 1) The proportion of coarse fractions (0.01-0.25 mm) and <0.001 mm fractions in the treatment plot were higher than those in the control plot, especially at the 0 m slope position, while the 0.005-0.001 mm fraction was lower than that in the control plot. 2) In the range of 0-10 cm soil depth the significant differences (P<0.1) in MWD values were found at the 0 m, 5 m, and 20 m slope positions, with increments of 59.03%, 42.46%, 29.99%, respectively, and the MWSSA decreased compared with the control plot at the 5 m and 20 m slope positions. However, no significant changes were found at the other slope positions. The D was higher than that of the control plot except at the 5 m slope position. 3) The significant (P<0.1) increase of MWD by 38.23% was found at the 15 m slope position, while the MWSSA was lower than that of the control plot at 10 m, 15 m, and 20 m slope positions in 0-10 cm soil depth. 4) Correlation analysis indicated significant relationships between D and the proportion of <0.001 mm fraction (P<0.01).[Conculsions] Wheat roots in purple hillslope can intercept micro-aggregates of <0.001 mm and promote the polymerization from fine fractions (<0.01 mm) to coarse fractions (0.01-0.25 mm), and improve soil micro-aggregate composition. The root system of winter wheat presents the most significant effect on the stability of soil micro-aggregates at the boundary of the slope field (upslope and downslope positions).
ZHOU Mengling, GUO Jianbin, ZHOU Jinxing, WANG Lei, CHEN Xiao, YAN Weipeng
Characteristics of runoff and sediment yield from different vegetation types in the karst region of Danjiangkou Reservoir area
[Background] The purpose of this study is to quantify the response of runoff and sediment yield to the variation of rainfall and vegetation in the karst region of Danjiangkou Reservoir area, and to determine the optimal vegetation types for achieving the goals of soil erosion reduction and fragile environment restoration.[Methods] In 2018, a continuous monitoring was carried out for the runoff and sediment yield in standard runoff plots of 5 vegetation types (sparse forest of Vernicia fordii (Hemsl.) Airy Shaw (Ⅰ), forest of Pinus massoniana Lamb. (Ⅱ), slope farmland (Ⅲ), grassland (Ⅳ), shrubs of Sophora davidii (Franch.) Skeels (Ⅴ)). A correlation analysis was used to determine the main precipitation parameters which influence the runoff and sediment yield, and a t-test analysis was used to compare the impacts on the sediment yield among vegetation types.[Results] 1) The rainfall events with short duration and high intensity rainfall easily caused the runoff and soil erosion in this area, while the rainfall events with long duration and low intensity did not cause the runoff and soil erosion. 2) For all vegetation types, there was generally a significant (P<0.05), linear and positive correlation between the runoff and sediment yield and the rainfall parameters of rainfall depth and the maximum rainfall intensity (per 10 min, 30 min, and 60 min); while no significant (P>0.05) correlation existed for the rainfall duration and mean rainfall intensity. In addition, there was a significant linear and positive correlation between the sediment yield and runoff depth. 3) The reduction of total runoff by different vegetation types followed the order of:Ⅲ > Ⅱ > Ⅰ and Ⅴ>Ⅳ. The reduction of total sediment by different vegetation types followed the order of:Ⅱ > Ⅳ > Ⅰ and Ⅴ>Ⅲ. Except the insignificant (P>0.05) difference in the total runoff and sediment yield between the vegetation types of Ⅰ and Ⅴ, all differences between other vegetation types were significant (P<0.05).[Conculsions] The comparison of runoff and sediment yield among the vegetation types shows that the vegetation types of Ⅰ, Ⅲ and Ⅴ present a serious water and soil loss, and they require an urgent erosion control treatment. However, the vegetation type of Ⅱ presents a significant benefit of water and soil conservation. In order to intensify the control of rocky desertification and to increase the forest coverage in the study area, the benefits of soil and water conservation by forest/vegetation restoration sould be fully utilized. The results of this study offer a scientific basis for the ecological restoration aimed for the soil and water conservation in the karst sites of the Danjiangkou Reservoir area.
Litter and soil hydro-ecological effects of different stand types in the rocky mountain area of North China
[Background] The stony mountain area is the main forest distribution area in North China, and where is also an important water source area for Beijing and Tianjin City. To some extent, these forests in this area protect the ecological and water resources in North China. Therefore, there is great significance to study the hydro-ecological effects of different forest types in this area.[Methods] In order to explore the hydro-ecological effects of the litter and soil of the main forest types in this area, five typical stand types (Larix principis-rupprechtii forest, mixed forest of Pinus tabulaeformis and Quercus mongolica, Q. mongolica forest, mixed forest of Q. mongolica and Betula dahurica, and Lespedeza bicolor shrub) were selected as the research objects, and the indoor immersion method and ring knife method were used to measure the hydrological effects of litter and soil layer respectively.[Results] 1) The thicknesses of the litter under different stand types ranged from 21.3 mm to 37.1 mm, and the storage of litter ranged from 15.14 to 32.45 t/hm2. The capacity of maximum interception of litter ranged from 23.98 to 84.07 t/hm2. Among them, mixed forest of Q. mongolica and B. dahurica had the largest capacity of maximum interception and L. bicolor shrub had the smallest one. The capacity of the modified interception of litter ranged from 18.63 to 68.03 t/hm2, decreased by order of mixed forest of Q. mongolica and B. dahurica > Q. mongolica forest > mixed forest of P. tabulaeformis and Q. mongolica > L. principis-rupprechtii forest > L. bicolor shrub. On the whole, the capacity of the modified interception of litter of broad-leaved forest was generally higher than that of coniferous forest, and that of arbor forest was higher than that of shrub forest. 2) There was a logarithmic function relationship between litter water-holding capacity and soaking time (R>0.96), and a power function relationship between litter water holding rate and soaking time (R>0.98). 3) The soil density ranged from 1.06 g/cm3 to 1.19 g/cm3, and the soil saturated water-holding capacity ranged from 374.20 to 588.13 t/hm2, and the effective water-holding capacity ranged from 40.40 to 82.83 t/hm2, decreased by order of mixed forest of Q. mongolica and B. dahurica > Q. mongolica forest > mixed forest of P. tabulaeformis and Q. Mongolica > L. principis-rupprechtii forest > L. bicolor shrub. There was a power function relationship between the infiltration rate and infiltration rate of soil (R>0.99).[Conculsions] In summary, the water conservation functions of litter and soil layers are both the strongest in the mixed forest of Q. mongolica and B. dahurica. The management measures in the pure coniferous forest we suggested is that removing the coniferous tree and planting broadleaf tree to increase the water conservation capacity in the study area. Moreover, people should also strengthen the protection of broad-leaved mixed forests and broad-leaved forest and reduce the human disturbance to the shrub forest for improving the water conservation function in this area.
XIE Jinliang, ZHANG Jianfeng, LIU Yongbing, JIANG Jiuning
Heavy metal pollution and environmental assessment in the soil of the rare earth associated mining area in Bayan Obo
[Background] In view of the problems of over standard heavy metal content, serious environmental pollution and ecological damage in metal mining areas, the environmental assessment research on heavy metal contaminated soil was carried out. Bayan Obo mining area was dry and rainless, and the ecological environment was very fragile, coupled with the serious problem of desertification, thus environmental protection is needed.[Methods] Taking the soil of Baiyun Obo rare earth associated mining area as the research object, the soil contents of heavy metals, Pb, Cu, Zn, Cr, Ni and As, were analyzed by collecting 11 samples of 0-20 cm topsoil in different types of mining areas, i.e. main mine, east mine, dump, tailings pond, industrial site and transportation road. GB 15618-2018 The Soil Environmental Quality Risk Control Standard for Soil Contamination of Agricultural Land (Trial Implementation) and soil background values were used as evaluation criteria. The single factor method, Nemerow comprehensive pollution index method and pollution load index method were used to evaluate the contents of these six kinds of heavy metals. Soil environmental quality was evaluated in mining area. Using IDW interpolation analysis of ArcGIS 10.2 software, the spatial distribution characteristics of comprehensive pollution index value and pollution load index value were drawn, and heavy metal pollution evaluation was carried out.[Results] 1) The average values of Pb, Cu, Zn, Ni and As in the soil of the mining area exceeded 5.54, 2.37, 5.28, 1.69 and 1.10 times of the standard respectively, and the average values of Cr did not exceed the standard. The long-term human activitiy in the mining area was the major reason causing heavy metal pollution in the studied area soil. Pb, Cu, Zn, Ni and As were the main pollution elements, and their average contents were 942.42, 237.10, 1 585.43, 321.84 and 27.62 mg/kg, respectively. 2) From the perspective of sampling type, the contents of Pb and Zn in the studied soil were relatively high, and the pollution was the most serious. The order of Pb content was:East Mine > tailings pond > main mine > industrial site > dump > transportation road, and the order of Zn content was:Main Mine > tailings pond > dump > east Mine > industrial site > transportation road. Pb and Zn pollution was the most serious in the main mine and tailings pond, while Zn and Cu pollution was the main pollution in the dump. In addition, Ni pollution in the tailings pond and the dump was also serious. 3) The results by the 3 evaluation methods were basically similar. The pollution load index method based on the background value of the soil in the study area showed that the soil was polluted to varying degrees, the average PLI of the pollution load index was 2.58, which belonged to severe pollution.[Conculsions] Pb, Cu, Zn, Ni and As were the main pollution elements in the soil of the mining area. Pb, Zn and Cu in all sampling points exceeded the standard seriously, with the average exceeding rate of 90.91%, 100% and 100% respectively. Three evaluation methods showed that the main pollution in the mining area was Pb and Zn, followed by Cu and Ni pollution, no Cr pollution.
ZHENG Xueliang, CHEN Lihua, LI Hongyang, TU Zhihua, GONG Wenyan, ZHANG Xueqi
Health assessment of Liaodong shelterbelt system based on water conservation
[Background] As a key component of terrestrial ecosystems, forest is of important ecological and social functions, while forest health is the prerequisite of ensuring the playing of these functions. Scientific assessment of the health status of forest stands can provide an important basis for function-oriented protection forest management.[Methods] Based on the survey data of forests health and the actual situation of shelterbelts in Dahuofang Reservoir, this study identified 4 aspects of "system vitality-organization-resilience-water conservation" as the criteria layer framework for the health assessment of water conservation forests, and then 17 indicators were selected to form a forest health assessment index system. The forest comprehensive health index (H) of different forest stands were calculated by the comprehensive index method, and according to 5 level of high quality, healthy, sub-healthy, unhealthy and disease, and the forest health for 5 typical shelterbelts (Larix gmelinii, Pinus tabuliformis, Pinus koraiensis, Robinia pseudoacacia and natural secondary forest) were analyzed.[Results] 1) The average forest heath comprehensive index of water conservation forest in Dahuofang Reservoir is 5.77, which is sub-healthy. Fifteen plots are in three states of healthy, sub-healthy and unhealthy, respectively, with the values of 7, 5 and 3 respectively. 2) For different forests, the forest health comprehensive index(H) of different forests ranks as natural secondary forest(7.29) > R. pseudoacacia(6.67) > P. koraiensis(5.88) > P. tabuliformis(5.79) > L. gmelin(3.21). Among them, the health status of the natural secondary forest is the best, and their forest structure, forest litter, and soil properties of forest land are obviously superior, with high structural stability and water conservation capacity. R. pseudoacacia is also in a healthy level, especially in terms of system vitality and water conservation. P. tabuliformis and P. koraiensis are in a sub-health state, and they have the conditions of transferring to healthy forests; L. gmelinii is unhealthy, which is significantly worse than other forests and needs to be improved.[Conculsions] The forests health of artificial forest is worse than that of natural secondary forest as its incomplete structure, the weak function stability, the weak anti-interference ability and the restoring force, and the weak ability of water conservation; the same is true for overall health values. Therefore, practical forest management measures should be taken to improve the health status of artificial forest, and natural secondary forests are a transformation target.
HU Yanting, ZHANG Fu, JIN Feng, WANG Shoujun, CAO Zhe, CHEN Tianlin, MOU Ji
On evaluation model of goal responsibility of soil and water conservation based on objectives and problems
[Background] Currently, there are differences in the types, intensities and hazards of soil erosion, the diversities and complexities of prevention and control tasks of soil erosion, and the imbalance of social and economic development in different administrative regions. It is difficult to measure the implementation of soil and water conservation work of local governments with a single soil and water conservation target responsibility indicator. Gansu province is one of the provinces with the most serious soil erosion. Therefore, establishing a soil and water conservation target responsibility assessment index system and assessment model composed of certain hierarchical indicators would help to accurately evaluate the level, science and integrity of soil and water conservation in Gansu province in terms of ecological environment construction.[Methods] The analytic hierarchy process(AHP) was used to construct the judgment matrix, calculate the index evaluation weight (W), and the test index rationality (indicator consistency ratio CR<0.1). After the index test was passed, the entropy method was used to modify the weight of the index evaluation obtained by the AHP, and determine the revised comprehensive evaluation weight (P), as well as to establish the assessment index system and evaluation model of Gansu province.[Results] Gansu province's soil and water conservation target responsibility assessment index system is constructed from the aspects of prevention and protection of soil erosion, comprehensive management, comprehensive supervision and accountability, the hierarchical structure consists of a target level (A), a criterion level (Bi), an operation level (Cj), and a sub-operation level (Dk). When establishing a water and soil conservation target responsibility assessment index evaluation model, the responsibility investigation is a negative impact indicator (2), and it is no need to give weights. The first-level indices are composed of three task indices, which are prevention and protection, comprehensive management and comprehensive supervision, whose comprehensive index evaluation weight is 0.400 0, 0.200 0, and 0.400 0, respectively. The rate of soil and water conservation schemes for production and construction projects is the largest (0.198 7) in the prevention and protection indicators of soil erosion, newly area of controlling water loss and soil erosion was the largest (0.120 0) in the comprehensive management indicators of soil erosion, supervision and law enforcement for development and construction projects is the largest (0.148 6) in the comprehensive supervision indicators of soil erosion. It focuses on the important indicators and direct indicators of the government's responsibility for soil erosion prevention and control.[Conculsions] The model consists of 3 first-level indices, 9 second-level indices and 17 third-level indices in Gansu province. There are 4 indicators of >10%:the rate of soil and water conservation schemes for production and construction projects (C3), protected area of key prevention region of soil erosion and water loss (C1), supervision and law enforcement for development and construction projects (D9) and newly area of controlling water loss and soil erosion (C4), accounting for 61.80% of the total weight. It fully reflects the requirements of prevention first, protection priority, emphasis and scientific management, which may provide a reference for the assessment of the target responsibility of soil and water conservation in Gansu province and similar areas, and offer the basic data for the implementation examination of national soil and water conservation planning.
Nitrogen absorption, distribution and utilization efficiency of summer maize plants under different biomass covering
[Background] The utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer indicates the ability of crops to absorb nitrogen from soil and fertilizer. At the same time, nitrogen absorption and accumulation are the basis of crop yield formation. It is helpful to find out the relationship between the increase of crop yield and the efficient use of nutrients by investigating the accumulation of nitrogen uptake by crops. With a view to investigating the destination of nitrogen fertilizer and its use efficiency in plants under different farming modes, this paper explores the nitrogen use efficiency of plans employing the 15N isotopic tracer technique.[Methods] Three mulching modes, namely, biochar regulation (M1), combined regulation of biochar and straw (M2) and straw regulation (M3) were set up in the course of experiment, each containing three gradients, namely, 6 t/hm2 (F1), 12 t/hm2 (F2) and 18 t/hm2 (F3). The adsorption, distribution and use effect of nitrogen fertilizer in summer maize under different mulching control measures were investigated by analyzing the content change of marked nitrogen fertilizer in soil, the accumulation of nitrogen in plants and the source of nitrogen in each organ according to the field experiment.[Results] 1) The heat-retaining and water-holding capacity of straw and the physical and chemical properties of biochar significantly increased the content of inorganic nitrogen in soil. At the shooting stage, the average content of inorganic nitrogen in 0-80 cm soil layer under the M2F1 treatment condition was 11.71 and 20.25 mg/kg and higher than that under the M1FI and M3F1 conditions respectively. At the maturation stage, this average value under the M2F1 treatment condition was also remarkably higher than that under the M1F1 and M3F1 conditions. 2) Soil mulching regulation was effective in enhancing the accumulation effect of nitrogen in plants. The increase of mulching was accompanied by the marked rise of nitrogen content coming from nitrogen fertilizer. As shown by the analysis of the adsorption of labeled nitrogen by each organ, the results of 15N use efficiency in organs were as follows:Grain > Stem +leaf sheath > Root > Blade > Loquat + cob. The combined regulation of straw and biochar guaranteed the strongest nitrogen adsorption effect. 3) The results from Pearson and related analysis demonstrated that the biochar regulation effectively promoted the adsorption of labeled nitrogen fertilizer by root system, the combined regulation of biochar and straw facilitated the regulating effect of grain on marked nitrogen fertilizer and straw boosted the accumulation of marked nitrogen fertilizer in stalk + sheath.[Conclusions] The research may provide theoretical reference and technical support for the reasonable and effective development of agricultural water and soil resources and scientific guidance on agricultural fertilizer usage.
WANG Meiqi, YANG Jianying, SUN Yongkang, WANG Gaoping, XIE Yuhong
Remote sensing rapid extraction technology for abandoned mine vegetation coverage via UAV
[Background] The excessive exploitation of mineral resources has caused the ecological environment of the mining area and its surrounding areas deteriorated severely, which has adversely affected human production and life. Vegetation restoration and reconstruction is an integral part of the ecological restoration work in mining area. Vegetation coverage monitoring is critical for mine greening restoration.[Methods] This study relied on field surveys and low-altitude aerial surveys of drones conducted in July 2018 to monitor the ecological rehabilitation benefits of an abandoned coal mine, Xiyuan Fourth Team Coal Mine Treatment Area in Fangshan district around Beijing, which underwent ecological restoration and control in 2016. In this study, a set of aerial image system for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) in the abandoned mining area with integrated stable gimbal and image acquisition was built based on a small multi-rotor drone and a ground control station. The drone flying height was 120 m, and the ground resolution of aerial images was 0.012 m. An accurate and fast method for extracting the vegetation coverage of the abandoned mine was proposed by converting drone images from RGB color space to HSV color space and limiting the range of H and S values. At the same time, the vegetation coverage of the same drone aerial image was extracted using the ENVI software via the supervised classification method to evaluate the extraction accuracy.[Results] The drone aerial photography was used to achieve the acquisition of high-resolution drone aerial images of centimeter-level vegetation in the abandoned mining areas, low system cost, simple maintenance and high efficiency. By converting the visible spectrum drone aerial image from the RGB color space mode to the HSV color space, the segmenting threshold value by limiting the S ≥ 0.2 and the H ≥ 47.1 allowed to quickly extract the vegetation part and further calculate the vegetation coverage to achieve accurate extraction with an error ≤ 6.857 6%, and under the same aerial photography conditions, the threshold settings of the S and H values were stable. Compared with the vegetation coverage extracted by supervised classification, the extraction result based on the HSV color space threshold segmentation method was lower, and the extraction error was getting smaller and smaller with the increase of vegetation coverage.[Conculsions] This study proposes a new method of quickly extracting vegetation coverage using drone aerial images, which provides a new idea for evaluating the ecological restoration effect of abandoned mines with high accuracy and efficiency.
Objectives and evaluating indicators of soil erosion control in the new era
[Background] China's economic and social development has entered a new era. It is of great significance to study soil erosion control targets and evaluation indicators to comprehensively control soil erosion and its impact, thus meeting the new needs of people in the new era for a beautiful ecological environment, and promoting the construction of a beautiful China.[Methods] This paper analyzed the characteristics of China's natural geography, the progress and effectiveness of soil erosion control, and the needs of economic and social development. It compared and analyzed the uncorresponding relationship between the area of soil erosion control and the area of soil erosion reduction and objective laws, and finally pointed out the ceiling constraints to soil erosion control.[Results] 1) The soil erosion will exist in China for a long time is the basic national situation. The sole goal of reducing the area of soil erosion is incomplete, in which there are shortcomings. 2) Reducing soil erosion intensity and its damage and restoring soil and water conservation functions should be the goal of soil erosion control in the future. Under the current economic and technological conditions, the soil erosion intensity, which we may achieve, is socially acceptable, and does not cause a major soil erosion hazard, should be applied as the approvable standards of control. Reducing soil erosion intensity should be the control standard for governance. 3) Based on the status of regional soil erosion, natural environmental conditions, economic development level, social needs, etc., the varied soil erosion control standards corresponding to types of national soil and water conservation divisions should be determined. 4) Different weights should be given to different effects of reducing soil erosion intensity. Monitoring and evaluation indicators of their own characteristics should be established in different leading functions area of soil and water conservation. 5) Reducing the soil erosion intensity, restoring and increasing the soil and water conservation function should be used as the evaluation basis and standard for determining the soil and water conservation rate in different regions.[Conculsions] The goal, standards, monitoring and evaluation indicators of soil erosion control in the era will be accordingly adjusted.
SUN Liying, LI Qingya, CAI Qiangguo, CHEN Lajiao, WU Hui
Recent progress on ecosystem services functions of soil and water conservation measures
[Background] Soil and water conservation measures are critical for soil erosion control and land resources protection. Meanwhile, soil and water conservation measures provide various ecosystem services functions, such as regulation of hydrological flows, soil conservation and improvement, air purification, and wind and sand consolidation. In recent years, the ecosystem services functions of soil and water conservation measures have attracted considerable attention and become a hot spot, and understanding the ecosystem services functions of soil and water conservation measures would help to achieve harmony between human and nature.[Methods] Based on the available literature, we summarized the research progress on the ecosystem services functions of soil and water conservation measures. First we analyzed the concept and connotation on the ecosystem service functions of soil and water conservation measures. Then we classified the major ecosystem service functions of soil and water conservation measures. Further we summarized the evaluation systems for ecosystem services of soil and water conservation measures and classified the evaluation methodology adopted current research. Finally, we discussed the limits on the studies of ecosystem service functions of soil and water conservation measures, and highlighted research key points for future study.[Results] 1) Ecosystem services functions of soil and water conservation measures refer to the benefits derived from soil and water conservation, which help to protect and sustain human and natural environment, including regulating services, supporting services, provisioning services, and cultural services. 2) Quite a few studies have focused on basic theory of evaluation systems on ecosystem service functions of soil and water conservation measures, and few researchers established the evaluation index system. Current evaluation methods include:statistic data-based, and remote sensing, GIS and erosion models-based. 3) Issues of existing researches and the key points of future work are stated as follow. Firstly, the basic theory of evaluation systems on ecosystem service functions of soil and water conservation measures is weak, and thorough and authoritative index evaluation system is lack. Regional differentiation of soil and water loss should be taken into account in studying basic theory of evaluation systems on ecosystem service functions of soil and water conservation measures. Secondly, evaluation methods based on statistic data is restricted to assess the current or past ecosystem services functions of soil and water conservation; while methods based on RS, GIS and models mainly relied on empirical models and is lacking the ability in well represent the soil erosion process. More attentions should be paid to quantitative evaluation method for the higher accurate evaluation and prediction on ecosystem service functions of soil and water conservation measures. Thirdly, as spatial allocation of water and soil conservation measures determine landscape layout and ecosystem processes, the impact of spatial allocation of water and soil conservation measures on ecosystem service should be concerned in the future.[Conculsions] The research progress and future reseach points on the ecosystem service function of soil and water conservation measures are summaried, aiming atproviding readers guidelines for research, application and decision-making of soil and water conservation measures.
LING Daoyang and China's soil and water conservation
[Background] The work of soil and water conservation in China has a long history, but the scientific research and subject development of Chinese soil and water conservation based on modern science has not been carried out until modern times. To study and sort out the literature materials of soil and water conservation in different historical periods plays an significant role in the research of the history of soil and water conservation development in the modern times of China.[Methods] This paper refers to the relevant archival materials collected by the Second Historical Archives of China, sorts of the modern times periodicals and magazines included in the Index of National Newspapers which were published by Shanghai Library, and also collects and arranges the relevant historical facts of LING Daoyang. Based on these original historical documents, the authors analyze and study the relationship between LING Daoyang and the development of soil and water conservation in modern times of China.[Results] Through the study, it is found that LING Daoyang is an early scholar who paid attention to soil and water conservation in modern times of China. In the theoretical aspect, he held that in order to revitalize the agricultural development, it was necessary to prevent soil erosion, and then LING Daoyang discussed the soil erosion situation at that time and its influencing factors. He concerned about the suffering of the people's livelihood and believed that preventing soil erosion can reduce the flood disasters occurred. With the deeper understanding of the soil erosion problems, he gradually formed the thought of comprehensive management of soil and water conservation with forestry measures as the core. In the practical aspect, he was involved in leading the work of soil and water conservation in the northwest area of China, and participated in surveying the work of soil and water conservation in the northwest area of China. Combining with the management work of the Yellow River Conservancy Commission, he promoted the project design and experimental construction of soil and water conservation. LING Daoyang led the establishment of the China Soil and Water Conservation Association and served as the first chairman of the China Soil and Water Conservation Association, which facilitated the scientific research and propagated the work of soil and water conservation in modern times of China.[Conclusions] Based on the analysis and research above the conclusion, we clearly realize that LING Daoyang is one of the most important pioneers of soil and water conservation in modern times of China, and he greatly contributed to the scientific research and practice of soil and water conservation in the modern times of China.
