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2003 Vol.1 No.2
Published 2003-06-30
Articles
1
QIN Xiao-Guang-；Liu-Dong-Sheng-；Ca-Bing-Gui-；Lv-Hou-Yuan
Environment Patterns and Vegetation Succession of Typical Extreme Periods in Northern China and Its Significance on Eco-environmental Construction
In recent years, more eco-environmental problems occur in China due to rapid economy development. The recovery and reconstruction of eco-environment has in turn become an important issue. It is known that the local land-form, soil and vegetation types, and climatic conditions are widely used to determine the environment governing rules and management steps for different regions. In order to ensure the eco-environmental reconstruction adaptable to climatic change, the maximum tolerant ability of ecosystem can be estimated by analyzing the best and the most inclement climatic situations that would occur. In this paper, the environment of the last glacial maximum and the Holocene optimum period are studied as the last patterns of the best and the severest conditions. The vegetation succession belts of Northern China are analyzed. The two types of each vegetation succession belt can be regarded as two extreme vegetation types of this area. Therefore, the vegetation succession belts provide a referenced limit of the eco-environmental recovery.
2003 Vol. 1 (2): 1-7 [
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1283
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1310
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8
LIAO Mian-Cun-；Zhang-Xian-Meng
Studies on Cover Crop with
Paspalum notatun Flugge
Results of a series observation, selections and studies proved that
Paspalum notatun Flugge
is the best covering crop for tropic and subtropical regions at present.
Paspalum notatun Flugge
has characteristics of strong endurance of poor soil, drought, acid, alkaline, trample, soak and moderate endure of shade, therefore, it can be extensively planted on slopeland, grass waterways ditches, hillside ditches, farm roads. Observations indicated that these conservation practices will be well protected, farmland will be decorated in green and the ecological conservation will be achieved once ground is widespreadly covered by
Paspalum notatun Flugge
. In addition, results of plot runoff studies also proved that both soil losses and peak flow can be reduced significantly for slopeland covered with
Paspalum notatun Flugge
.
Paspalum notatun Flugge
has been proved to be a soil conserving crop and soil building crop as well.
2003 Vol. 1 (2): 8-17 [
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1259
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1405
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18
HE Ai-Wei
Discussion on Some Issues of Ecological Environment Construction in Northwestern China
It is raised that equal attention should be paid to both wind and water erosion control, soil and water conservation and desertification control; that it should be adjusted to measures to local conditions if forests of arbor, shrub or grass are planted; that quiting crop for grass could be conducted through full use of self renovation ability of grass ecological system, etc. Also it is thought that it might be the regular and acceptable way to go along rational input with higher benefit, protection and reasonable use of water resource, integrated management of modern ecological agriculture in high yield and efficiency and safety.
2003 Vol. 1 (2): 18-21 [
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1526
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1350
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22
SHEN Yuan-Cun-；Hong-Qing-Hua
Strategy to Control Soil Erosion Effectively in the Loess Plateau
Loess Plateau is a region that has the most severe soil erosion problems in China and in the world. Although prevention has been performed continuously in the recent 50 years, the efficiency was limited and the improvement of eco-environment was slow. The study indicates that the strategy to improve the efficiency of control should be as follows, that the eco-environmental constructions should follow scientific principles; the concepts against natural regularities should be abandoned; the target of prevention should be rational and practicable; high yield farmland can be established by building dams; afforestation and vegetation construction should be designed according to water conditions. An approach of regulating runoffs and integrated management in small watersheds should be adopted. It is proposed to establish administrative agents, distribut the engineering projects, and recover forests and grasslands.
2003 Vol. 1 (2): 22-27 [
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1586
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28
LI Shi-Rong-；Zhang-Wei-Jiang-；He-Kang-Ning
Soil Moisture Dynamic of the
Robinia pseudoacacia
with Different Density in Semiarid Region on the Loess Plateaus
The motive rule and annual dynamic of soil moisture were studied based on continuous observing the woodland of
Robinia pseudoacacia
with different density in two growing seasons from May to October, in 1998 and 1999. The observation was carried out once every 10 days and the depth observed is 2 m. The results showed that difference of soil moisture is just about 2% in the woodland of
Robinia pseudoacacia
with different densities in spring and it has a decreasing trend with the increasing density. When the stand density is sparse, soil water in deeper layer will rise. It showed the phenomenon of soil desiccation with the density increasing in the woodland of
Robinia pseudoacacia
like the matured stand of the arid and semiarid regions. With the decreasing of water and the gradual increase of water consumption by individual tree, the conflict of water supply and demand was more pronounced. Soil water in deeper layer may be compensated in the area of 8 m in the woodland of
Robinia pseudoacacia
from water harvesting. The species and quantity of undergrowth are gradually reduced with the increase of stand densities. And it will change from the mesophyte to xerophil. The biomass, coverage, growth and the moisture capacity of plant in the community could be reduced with the increase of stand densities, too. The results showed that the soil water environment will transform with different stand densities in forest.
2003 Vol. 1 (2): 28-32 [
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1456
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33
CA Ben-Jiu-；Ci-Long-Jun-；Li-Chong-Gui-；Hong-Jun
Quantitative Estimation of Biomass Based on RS and GIS in Mu Us Sandland
The study area was chosen in Yijinholo County, Mu Us Sandland, by means of ridge estimation method. The factors affecting biomass were optimized and filtrated according to the orientation investigation data in field and the corresponding RS and G1S information. The main factors were found out, the biomass estimation model are set up, and the quantitative estimation of regional biomass and automation of cartography were fulfilled, which provides the scientific base to establish regional development plan and desertification combating plan.
2003 Vol. 1 (2): 33-37 [
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1444
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1386
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38
ZUO Chang-Qing-；Yang-Ji-；Li-Xiang-Xi
Sand Fixation Benefits of
Vitex trifolia
L. in Bank Land of Poyanghu Lake in Jiangxi
It was studied on the effect of
Vitex trifolia
L. to block and fix sand, to improve physical and chemical nature and micro-climate in the sand land of southern China. The results show that the annual sand land erosion modulus in average is 24757 t/(km
2
·a) under vegetative cover of 10%-20% and 2 920 t/(km
2
·a) under vegetative cover of 40% ; compared to uncovered sandy land, on land covered by
Vitex trifolia
L. of 5-year growth soil organic matter is increased by 580% ,total N by 100% , total K by 28.6% , rapidly available K by 67.0% , the amount of fine sand less than 0.25 mm is increased by 98.7% , the maximum temperature could be lowered by 10 - 12℃ , and air humidity is increased by 1.2%, being propitious to the recovery of vegetation.
2003 Vol. 1 (2): 38-41 [
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1316
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42
WANG Hui-；Xu-Xiang-Hong-；Xu-Dang-Hui-；Chen-Xiang-Shun
Dynamic Variation of Landscape Pattern of Desertification Area in Hexi Corridor
Based on the investigation data of desertified land in 1996 and TM images of Hexi corridor, Gansu province, landscape pattern dynamic variations of desertifiied land were studied by the landscape indices. The results shows that in the past 40 years the landscape pattern of desertification land has changed constantly. The area of unavailable land, drifting sand dune, semi-drifting sand dune and gobi patches has become larger due to human activity intervention while the mean patch area of forest land, fixed sand land, arable land area has decreased for the mean patch area, the variation tendency of landscape diversity index and evenness index has increased while landscape dominance index has decreased. The results indicates that there is an intimacy relationship between the variation of landscape pattern and human activity.
2003 Vol. 1 (2): 42-46 [
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1338
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1362
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47
GAO Jia-Rong-；Wang-Min-；Bi-Li-Dong-；Niu-Jian-Zhi-；Zhang-Dong-Sheng
Storage Amount and Characteristics of Coarse Woody Debris in <i>Abies fabri</i> Forests in Different Age Stages at the Gongga Mountains
Coarse Woody Debris (CWD) is an important component in forest ecosystems and provides important and unique ecological functions. Based on investigation to the storage amount and characteristics of CWD in sub-alpine dark conifer forests at upper reaches of the Yangtze river, this paper discussed the formation and sources of CWD in
Abies fabri
(Omei fir) forests at different age stages, and put forward a method of CWD classification by its constituents and decomposition grades. The result shows that the storage amount of CWD in over-matured Omei fir forest, matured Omei fir forest, middle-age Omei fir forest and Omei-fir with poplar mixed forest were 91.75, 71.72, 50.45 and 29.03 t/hm
2
respectively.
2003 Vol. 1 (2): 47-51 [
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1538
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2433KB] (
1484
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52
NA Beng-Shan-；Li-Han-Xue-；Zhang-Qing-Li-；Xu-Hong-Feng
Relativity Between Enrichment of Seasonal Frozen stagnant Water and Plant Growth
Indoors and outdoors studies show that frost water migrates into the freezing soil layer in terms of vapor and moisture, so three soil layers which have different water content were divided: one is rich in water, .it is found that its water content is increased from 8% to 40% after frost; one is deficient in water, water content of which is decreased from 15% to 30% after frost; the third is transporting water in the form of vapor, its water content is found to be decreased from 6% to 20% . Dynamic characters show timeliness and metamorphosis. Seasonal frozen stagnant water can be absorbed directly by plant and balance water metabolization in winter and spring. Temperature rises in spring, frozen soil begins to thaw. Frozen stagnant water turns to soil water at first. It is the best season for plant seeds to germinate and seedling to grow when the frozen stagnant water content is at 20% to 40% . Frozen soil which will thaw entirely would lost its water from evaporations on the surface and seepage if afforestation is too late, buts the thawing soil layer couldn't be thick enough to meet the depth needed if it is made earlier. The development of root system is in accord with enrichment of water in kremastic water zone. Frozen stagnant water content varies with the depth of soil. To make best use of the resource of frozen stagnant water, depth, density and seed for afforestation should be chosen carefully .
2003 Vol. 1 (2): 52-55 [
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1808
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56
CUI Dan-；Shi-Meng-Chang-；Tian-Yu-Zhu
Establishing Information Database of Land Use For County Level Based on the Remote Sensing Technology
This paper introduces a method of interpreting the status of land use in Yanqing county, based on the complex images of SPOT and TM. Land use information extract, spacial management of the data base, and the areas calculation are made through treating and interpreting the remote sensing image. At last, the remote sensing monitoring areas and geographical distribution of each type of land use such as farmland, garden plot, forest land, water area, etc, were obtained. It provides references for the survey of land use status methodologically.
2003 Vol. 1 (2): 56-60 [
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1386
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2259KB] (
1204
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61
TANG Song-Jing
Comparison of Water-Holding Capacity and Infiltration Characters between <i>Schima superba</i> and <i>Cunninghamia lanceolata</i> Plantations in Upper Reaches of the Minjiang River
Water conservation and infiltration between evergreen broad-leave tree
Schima superba
and needle-leaved tree
Cunninghamia lanceolata
plantation were studied in the area located in upper reaches of the Minjiang river, Jian'ou city through plot sample data. The results showed that the ground water-holding capacities of
Schima superba
and
Cunninghamia lanceolata
plantation was 16.3 t/hm
2
and 21.4 t/hm respectively. But the water-holding capacity in 1 rn deep soil layer of
Schima superba
plantation was much higher than that of the
Cunninghamia lanceolata
plantation (the former was 5 039.5 t/hm
2
and the latter was 4716.2 t/hm
2
respectively) . And the forest soil infiltration haracters in
Schima superba
plantation is better than that of the
Cunninghamia lanceolata
plantation.
2003 Vol. 1 (2): 61-65 [
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1487
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1335
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66
WANG Dan-Yang-；Ca-Jiang-Guo-；Tun-Chu-An
Analysis on Land Degradation in the Typical Areas in the Regions near the Capital
Based on field investigation and information by GIS and RS, the study attempts to analysie the location and characteristics of the regions near the Capital of China for the prevention of wind erosion. It also studies the causes, distribution and pivotal preventing times of the degraded land. The results show that the major reason for the land degradation is constant aridity such as shortage of rain, excessive use of land, and shortage of protection measures in dry seasons. It is suggested to accept measures suitable to the regions, such as fencing for recovering and rehabilitation and staggered furrows, etc .
2003 Vol. 1 (2): 66-70 [
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1656
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1352
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71
KANG Ling-Ling-；Tun-Qing-；Wang-Chang-Gao-；Ceng-An-Xin
Key Measures and Their Combination for Soil and Water Conservation of Comprehensive Control in the Gully and Rolling Loess Region
By analyzing and assessing typical watersheds and the current modles of soil and water conservation in the gully and rolling loess region, the study preliminarily defines the key measures and combination of comprehensive control of soil erosion and water loss in types of erosion areas. The combination proportions in different types of erosion areas are seen as 18% to 25% for terrace, 45% to 55% for the planted forest, 20% to 25% for planted grass, 5.5% to 7.5% for the dam land and 0.5% to 2.7 % for the irrigated land in the 1 st and 2nd sub-region. and the combination proportions for terrace, planted forest and grasss are 42% to 48% , 32% to 38% and 18% to 22% respectively in the 3rd sub-region, In the 4th and 5th sub-regions these for terrace, planted forest, grass, dam land and irrigated land are 28% to 35% , 40% to 46% , 13% to 17% , less than 5% and 6% .respectively.
2003 Vol. 1 (2): 71-76 [
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1465
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1343
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77
LIU Chang-Shun-；Ji-Shi-；Du-Li-Juan
Method to Calculate Earthwork in Land Consolidation Project
The paper discusses how to calculate earthwork of land consolidation project using different resolutions of Digital Elevation Model (DEM) , and takes Qingliangjiang project in Nangong city of Hebei Province as a case to analyze the results and compare them to other literature. The results show that the method raised is feasible.
2003 Vol. 1 (2): 77-79 [
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1431
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80
XIONG Meng-Biao-；Lei-Xiao-Zhang-；Cao-Shu-You
Initial Opinion on Supervision of Ecological Engineering Construction in Soil and Water Conservation
It is thought as the only way to accomplish supervision system of ecological engineering construction in soil and water conservation (SWC) for the augmentation of ecological construction of SWC, which is of far-reaching significance for the improvement of engineering quality and increase of benefit from input, consolidation of control results, improvement of the following management, assurance of construction investment, checking disposition and cecity of project establishment. Nowdays there are several problems in ecological engineering supervision of SWC, including timelag in cognition, imperfection of system, less specification in market, juvenility of method, faultiness of technical system, lower humanware, and lower charge, etc. In allusion to these prolems, the counter measures and suggestion were raised to supervise the ecological engineering construction for SWC.
2003 Vol. 1 (2): 80-83 [
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1374
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1171
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84
TUN Pu-Te-；Hong-Wei-Ke-；Feng-Gao-；Fan-Xin-Ke-；Gao-Jian-En
Innovation and Development of Soil and Water Conservation Science of China in 21st Century
Analyzing research achievements of soil and water conservation in China, combining with the practice of comprehensive controlling, technological requirements and the aim of current ecological environmental construction, this article seriously analyzes the research progress and thought of soil and water conservation in our country, raises immediate innovating and scientifical adjusting research of soil and water conservation, also indicates transforming our research priority from soil conservation to protecting and utilizing land and water resource in high efficientcy, building the scientific and technological innovation system of soil and water conservation with characteristics of China in the core theory of runoff regulation and land and water resources utilization, which will be the direction of innovating and developing in the soil and water conservation science in the 21st century.
2003 Vol. 1 (2): 84-87 [
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1427
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2224KB] (
1349
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88
JIANG De-Wen
Application and Development of the Discipline on Soil and Water Conservation
As the ecological environment construction is accelerated, the management level is raised and specified in China, the theory and techniques of soil and water conservation have been applied broadly in many areas, including the protection and construction of ecological environment, renovation of ecosystem, soil erosion control in projects of development or construction, urban soil and water conservation, planning and designing of control measures, "three-system" management in soil and water conservation engineering, and information management for soil and water conservation, etc.
2003 Vol. 1 (2): 88-90 [
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1356
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1368
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91
FAN Bao-Min-；Li-Zhi-Yong-；Li-Zhong-Kuai
Thinking and Practice of Soil and Water Conservation Using Forest and Grass in Ancient China
In ancient China, grievous soil erosion resulted from forest destruction damaged the society seriously. The laboring people accumulated much experiences and valid measures in the practice of soil and water conservation, especially using forest and grass. The main theories included that mountains and rivers were root of a country, forests could firm soil and defend disasters, and the key of taming rivers was to manage mountains. The measures contained that forbidding mountain to protect forests, forestation on barren hills, planting tree to strengthen dikes, planting grass to hold silt, etc. Lessons were as follows: theory was divorced from practice, the stress of theories are flood control rather than mountain management, and engineer measures was regarded as the more important than the vegetation.
2003 Vol. 1 (2): 91-95 [
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1303
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1327
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96
CHENG Jin-Hua-；Zhang-Hong-Jiang-；Shi-Yu-Hu
Research Review of Forest Floor' s Effect on Soil and Water Conservation
The litter and moss' s effect on soil and water conservation and environment protection have been generalized in this paper. The most of the research results show that the litter and moss on forest stands have certain process in preserving precipitation, conserving surface runoff, increasing surface roughness and improving the soil property. Some results also show that some moss can be used to indicate the change of the environment.
2003 Vol. 1 (2): 96-101 [
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1555
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102
LIU Xiao-Ying-；Hong-Gang-；Chen-Ru-Gong-；Yang-Ai-Min-；An-Beng
Development of Soil and Water Conservation in America and Inspirations to China
General situation of soil erosion and water loss, development stage, measures of soil and water conservation (SWC) and its benefits in recent years,changing trend of investment and employees engaging in the field,future development trend in USA were introduced. In comparison with the situation of soil erosion and conservation in America, the analysis and appraisal on present status and development stage of soil and water conservation was made, some inspirations and suggestions for future development of SWC were also proposed for China.
2003 Vol. 1 (2): 102-107 [
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1439
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1228
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108
WANG Li-Xian
On the Concept and Category of the Soil and Water Conservation Science in China
Based on the definition of Soil and Water Conservation(SWC) in
Chinese great encyclopedia·agriculture
and
Chinese great encyclopedia·water conservancy
the concept and category of soil and water conservation science in China have been explained. The concept of SWC is the protection, improvement and rational use of water and land resources in the mountainous and windy - dusty areas. The category of the soil and water conservation science can be divided into law of soil erosion and water loss; planning of soil and water conservation; integrated technical measures of SWC; soil and water conservation management; assessment of the soil and water conservation benefits. The research program for SWC should be done in the near future has been also discussed.
2003 Vol. 1 (2): 108-110 [
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1373
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