中国水土保持科学
中国水土保持科学
 
 
 
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2015 Vol.13 No.1　　Published 2015-02-28
  
 
Original Paper
1 Sun Yu, Hasi Eerdun, Du Huishi
Calculation of soil erosion modulus in the black soil region in northeastern China based on GIS
In order to monitor and evaluate the status of soil erosion in the black soil region of northeastern China, we used GIS technology, Chinese Soil Loss Equation (CSLE) and WorldView remote sensing images with a spatial resolution of 0.5 m to estimate soil erosion modulus in Gucheng Watershed of Keshan County in Heilongjiang Province. We revised the calculation method of biological measures to make the formula more applicable to the study area. Results demonstrate that soil erosion intensity in the studied region is mild, and erosion mainly takes place in northwestern, northeastern and southern central parts of the study area. When the slope is less than 20°, soil erosion seldom takes place; when exceeding the threshold of 20°, the greater the slope is, the more serious the soil erosion intensity is. In addition, slope can influence the erosion intensity indirectly with tillage measures. There are also several factors such as water conservation measures and biological measures that play important roles in the distribution of eroded area and intensity of erosion. The results are of important significance for measuring soil loss, reducing river sediment, improving and recovering fertility in black soil regions.
2015 Vol. 13 (1): 1-7 [Abstract] ( 798 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 5199KB] ( 932 )
8 Qin Chao, Zheng Fenli, Xu Ximeng, Wu Hongyan, Shen Haiou
Effects of maize straw buffer in preventing rill erosion on loess slope
Simulated rainfall experiments were conducted to study the effects of maize straw buffers laid on different slope positions in preventing rill erosion on loess slope. Experimental treatments include two slope positions (4.5 -5.5 m and 6.5 -7.5 m distance to the top) under a single simulated rainfall and two successive simulated rainfalls with the rainfall intensity of 100 mm/ h and slope gradient of 20毅. The results showed that under different maize straw buffer treatments, total erosion amount decreased by 7.3% -14.2%, rill erosion amount by 11.0% - 30.6%, sediment concentration by 3.4% - 15.0% and proportion of rill erosion to total erosion amount by 5.5% - 128%, respectively. Among all treatments, the best way to prevent rill erosion under the single simulated rainfall was to establish maize straw buffer in the middle slope (at 4.5 - 5.5 m distance to the top); the total erosion amount, rill erosion amount, sediment concentration, rill horizon density and rill average depth decreased by 14.2%,30.6%, 11.6%, 12.9% and 21.9%, respectively. Under two successive simulated rainfalls, maize straw buffer should be established at the lower slope (6.5 - 7.5 m distance to the top) for better prevention effect; the total erosion amount, rill erosion amount, sediment concentration, rill horizon density and rill average depth decreased by 13.5%, 25.0%, 5.5%, 15.5% and 16.3%, respectively.
2015 Vol. 13 (1): 8-15 [Abstract] ( 525 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 2546KB] ( 798 )
16 Yao Wenjun, Zhang Yan, Zhu Qingke
Effects of woodland spatial distribution on soil erosion in small watershed: A case study in Wuqi County, northern Shaanxi

We analyzed spatial distribution of woodlands and its impact on soil erosion in small watersheds in this study. Thirty nine small watersheds in Wuqi County on the hilly and gully loess plateau of northern Shaanxi Province were selected following the method of uniform sampling (1%). Woodland area proportion, woodland patch density, shape index of woodlands, woodland coverage, and slope position index were calculated for each watershed and taken as elements to carry out hierarchical cluster analysis for the 39 watersheds. Relationship between woodland distribution and soil erosion was analyzed based on soil loss data obtained from the National Soil Erosion Survey. The 39 watersheds were classified into four categories. Watershed category 1 is characterized by a large proportion of woodlands and woodlands are distributed on the lower slopes. For Category 2, the proportion of woodlands is relatively small and woodlands are distributed on the middle slopes. For Category 3, the proportion of woodland is small and distributed on the upper slopes. For Category 4 the proportion of woodlands is large and distributed on middle slopes. Soil loss was negatively correlated with woodland vegetation coverage (P <0.05) in Category 1 and 4. The multiple linear correlation coefficient describing the integrated effects of the five parameters for woodland spatial distribution characteristics on the soil loss is 0.577 (P <0.05). The results indicate that woodland coverage is a major inhibitive factor to soil erosion. Meanwhile, the proportion of woodland area, woodland patch density and shape index can affect soil erosion in the scale of small watershed. To a certain degree, the woodlands on the upper slopes will reduce soil loss in small watersheds.
2015 Vol. 13 (1): 16-22 [Abstract] ( 551 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 984KB] ( 877 )
23 Gu Libin, Zhang Xingqi, Yang Guangxi, Gu Zaike
Characteristics of slope runoff and sediment production under rainfall events in the plateau area of western Guizhou
Based on field observations of runoff and sediment generated on runoff plots and rainfall data, we studied quantitatively the impact of rainfall on slope runoff and sediment production in the plateau area of western Guizhou. The results showed that: 1) there are 22 events of erosive rainfall annually on average in the study area, in which rainfall events of moderate and low intensities account for 93.02% of the total number of events. 2) Characteristics of slope runoff and sediment production have a close relationship with the rainfall distribution within a year. The amount of sediment generated from May to August accounted for 99.2% and that of runoff during the same period of time accounted for 95.8% of the total. 3) The amount of slope sediment showed a significantly exponential relationship with the amount of rainfall with an equation of M = 0.346e0.109P . 4) Slope runoff and sediment production were significantly correlated with rainfalls of moderate and high intensities, which can be demonstrated by that 57.3% of the total runoff and 91.5% of the total sediment were produced in four heavy rainfall events.
2015 Vol. 13 (1): 23-28 [Abstract] ( 569 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 888KB] ( 834 )
29 Chen Juan, Luo Mingliang, Zhang Bin, Dong Chengyan, Chang Xiaoli
Effects of interpolation parameters in Inverse Distance Weighted Method on DEM accuracy in dry鄄hot valleys of Yuanmou
Gully is often the result of serious degradation of ecosystem. In the dry鄄hot velleys the gullies are greatly developed, which destroy cultivated land and have caused serious land degradation and bring severe harms to land resources. Hence, it is meaningful to model terrain morphology DEM based on dry-hot valleys of Yuanmou, especially for the quantitative investigation of soil erosion at gully scale. In this study, high-accuracy and high-density elevation data at sampling points of a typical gully were obtained in Yuanmou by field surveying. Inverse Distance Weighted Method (IDW) interpolation was used to model the terrain surface. Mean error (E1 ) and root mean square error ( E2 ) were used to measure the difference when the weighted index, search points, search shapes and sector types changed. The check points and cross validation were adopted as well. The results showed that we can get the best interpolation effect when the weighted index was 2, neighborhood with 4 - 8 points, and interpolated with four directions. Through setting optimal parameters, the terrain surface can be simulated more actually. DEMs constructed by IDW have shown an ideal depiction of gullies in Yuanmou dry-hot valleys. The main morphological parameters are as follows: the whole area of the watershed is 0.011 km2, the average slope is 35.37°with the maximum 85.76°, and the density of regional gully is 3.95 km/ km2, with the cutting depth ranging between 7 m and 12 m.
2015 Vol. 13 (1): 29-34 [Abstract] ( 568 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 977KB] ( 750 )
35 Yue Huanbi,Yang Jianying,Yang Yang,Shi Changqing,Zhao Ping,Shen Yi
Runoff producing characteristics of vegetation carpet greening technology at different rainfall intensities
The objectives of this study were to explore the applicability of vegetation carpet technology in different climate conditions, and analyze the impact of different rainfall intensities on runoff, infiltration coefficients and infiltration depth. We set up three rainfall intensities (0.56, 1.01, 2.02 mm/ min), filled earth into erosion boxes and arranged various types of vegetation carpets, and simulated construction slope. Non-coverage control groups were set up, and simulated rainfall was conducted over the erosion boxes in the tangential spraying hall. The results showed that: 1) Vegetation carpet could increase runoff infiltration; at the rainfall intensity of 1.01 mm/ min, wheat straw vegetation carpet and coconut fiber vegetation carpet can increase the infiltration by 27.7% and 28%, respectively. 2) There were significant differences in runoff process of the vegetation carpets made by different materials; at the rainfall density of 0.56 and 1.01 mm/ min, infiltration coefficient of wheat straw was higher than that of coconut fiber, while the opposite was true at 2.02 mm/ min. 3) There were marked differences between the total runoff of the vegetation carpets made by the same material but different masses; for the same material, the vegetation carpet with a mass of 200 -300 g/ m2 had better water retention performance at the three rainfall densities than the vegetation carpets of other masses.
2015 Vol. 13 (1): 35-41 [Abstract] ( 440 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 943KB] ( 825 )
42 Liu Xujun,Jing Guochen,Yang Yajuan,Wang Yajuan,Ren Xianping
Effects of alternate freezing and thawing on the structure of black topsoil
A laboratory simulation of alternate freezing and thawing was carried out to investigate its effect on the structure of black topsoil. The results showed that: 1) Freezing and thawing action increases topsoil volume and decreases its density, and as a result, the big soil aggregates were split into smaller ones and their average weight, size and stability decreased; 2) Structural deterioration to soil was mainly affected by soil moisture and times of freeze-thaw; 3) Freezing and thawing action destroyed physical properties of the black topsoil and decreased cohesion and anti-scouribility of black soil, which is the major reason for serious freeze-thawing erosion in black soil region in spring time.
2015 Vol. 13 (1): 42-46 [Abstract] ( 590 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 849KB] ( 787 )
47 Deng Yusong, Ding Shuwen, Qiu Xinzhen, Xia Dong, Zhu Yun, Guo Shiwei
Spatial distribution of collapsing alluvial soil fertility in Ganxian County, Jiangxi Province
Collapsing erosion is the most serious erosion in the granite region of southern China, and has become one of severe geological disasters in China. Collapsing erosion produces a large amount of alluvial deposition in farmlands, causing desertification of alluvial fan farmland. In this study, we took the collapsing alluvial fan at Tian village in Ganxian County, Jiangxi Province as research object, collected soil samples from fan top to fan edge in different regions, and determined the composition of soil particles and spatial distribution of soil fertility in the collapsing alluvial fan area. The results showed that there is an obvious spatial heterogeneity in the distribution of physical and chemical properties of soil. From fan top to fan edge, the content of gravel and sand decreased, while that of silt and clay increased gradually, and soil fertility also showed a significant increase. Pearson correlation coefficient analysis showed that a significantly negative correlation existed between soil fertility and content of gravel and sand, whereas a significantly positive correlation could be observed between soil fertility and the content of silt and clay.The modified Nemerow composite index was adopted to evaluate the soil fertility in the alluvial fan area, and it indicated that the soil fertility fans increased gradually along fan top to fan edge. Compared to the soil at the fan top, the soil fertility level coefficient in the middle area and fan edge increased by 119.31% and 157.93%. Study of heterogeneous distribution of soil fertility benefits us in agricultural land use planning, and is of significance for improvement of soil and agricultural economy in collapsing alluvial fan areas.
2015 Vol. 13 (1): 47-53 [Abstract] ( 574 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 892KB] ( 950 )
54 Zhu Wei
Characteristics of heaping sand and initiative research on sand fixation with wind fence on coastal sandy land
In order to provide scientific reference for desertification combating, it is necessary to study the configuration of wind fence and governance model of sand dunes on coastal sandy land and in the drought conditions. We designed four permeabilities of wind fence (including 15%, 30%, 45% and 60%) on sandy land in drought conditions, and investigated wind velocity variation and heaping sand characteristics in this study. Three kinds of sand-fixing herb, namely Oenothera glazioviana, Ipomoea pes-caprae and Vitex trifolia were selected to stabilize sand dunes. The results indicated that 15% permeability was best fit for setting as sand-heaping wind fence with the highest windproof efficiency reaching 89.23% and the protection distance halving wind speed of 5H (H means the height of wind fence). And windproof efficiencies of 30% and 45% permeabilities were 76.70% and 71.53%, respectively, and could be set up as reducing wind fence after sand-heaping wind fence, and their protection distance that halves wind speed was 6H. The windproof efficiency of 60% permeability was the lowest, 59.47%, and was unsuitable to be set up as wind fence for its weak sand-arresting function and short protection distance. The sand dunes formed by sand-heaping wind fence should be stable over time, and Ipomoea pes-caprae is an optimum pioneer herbaceous plant for fixing sandy at frontier bare sandy land because of its strong survival ability and spreading speed in the southeast coastal areas of Fujian.
2015 Vol. 13 (1): 54-58 [Abstract] ( 499 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 880KB] ( 769 )
59 Chen Lili, Zhang Jianjun, Zhang Tingting, Guo Minjie, Muratjan·Abla1, Lin Pengfei,Yu Yipeng, Zhang Xiaoping
Characteristics of land use structure in Shenmu County, Shaanxi Province in 2012
Taking Shenmu County in Shaanxi Province as an example, we analyzed the characteristics of its land use structure in 2012 based on related quantitative indices. The results indicated that: 1) Moderate and low-cover grassland was the main land use type for the county, and for each of its towns the landscape matrix was grassland. 2) The diversity index of land use was relative low, concentration index was high, combination types were few and the land use degree was low. Compared with southeastern towns where hilly and gully area dominates, the northwestern towns which are characterized by sandy wind and grass shoal had higher diversity index of land use, lower level of intensive land utilization,better overall land function and more combination types. The significance of location of each land use type of the towns had a great relationship with exploitation of mineral resources, scenery area, topography and terrain, and vegetation flora. 3) The characteristics of spatial structure of land use of Shenmu County show that, for the agricultural land, residential areas and industrial land which were more intensively impacted by human activities, the smaller the fractal dimension, the larger the shape index, and the simpler the shapes. The results of our study show that the land use of Shenmu needs to increase the effective vegetation cover, further perform the "grain for green"project, strengthen the exploitation of unutilized land and the reclamation of mining land, and improve the ecological environment system for ensuring the sustainable development of land use.
2015 Vol. 13 (1): 59-67 [Abstract] ( 606 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1601KB] ( 1115 )
68 Wang Hongxia, Wang Xuesong, Wang Bing, Li Baoyu, Niu Xiang, Wang Xiaoyan,Shi Hexiong, Wang Jinsong
Evaluation of ecological effects of the project of conversion of cropland to forest in Hebei Province
The ecological effects of the project of conversion of cropland to forest (“ the project冶 hereinafter) in Hebei Province were assessed with the distributed measurement method. The results showed that: 1) The total value of ecological effects of the project in Hebei Province is 97.08 billion yuan annually. The total value of ecological effects of the project in Hebei Province in 2013 was far more than the total investment since 1999. The order of the value of ecological effects of six ecological services from large to small was water conservation, carbon fixation and oxygen release, biodiversity protection, air purification, soil conservation and nutrient accumulation. The total quantity of water conservation of the project in Hebei Province in 2013 accounted for 26.54% of the annual mean total quantity of water resource, the total quantity of soil conservation accounted for 20.90% of the annual mean total quantityof sediment discharge, the total quantity of carbon sequestration accounted for 40.96% of the annual mean total quantity of carbon emission during the 12th five-year plan, the quantities of pollutants adsorption and the dust-retention were far more than the total quantity of “the improvement plan for a cleaner production level of the key industrial enterprises in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and surrounding area". 2) The order of value of ecological effects of different vegetation recovery types from large to small is planting trees on barren hills and uncultivated land, returning to forest and grassland from farmland, and closing hill sides for afforestation. 3) The order of value of ecological effects of different forest types from large to small is ecological forest, economic forest and shrubbery. Our evaluation results truly reflect the ecological effects of the project of conversion of cropland to forest in Hebei Province.
2015 Vol. 13 (1): 68-75 [Abstract] ( 572 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 928KB] ( 904 )
76 Jin Chunxiang, Wang Xiuru, Wang Xi, Hou Kun, Wang Duo
Variation trend and spatial distribution characteristics of precipitation in recent 50 years in Heilongjiang Province
Based on the collected precipitation data from 1960 to 2012 at eight typical meteorological stations in Heilongjiang Province, namely Huma, Sunwu, Qiqihar, Fujin, Anda, Harbin, Jixi and Mudanjiang stations, the variation trend and spatial distribution characteristics of precipitation in recent 50 years in Heilongjiang province were analyzed by using the methods of linear regression, Mann-Kendall technique and spatial interpolation. The results demonstrated that: 1) The decadal variation pattern of precipitation followed “two down and one up”or “two up and one down”at a 30-year cycle and it turned into the rain-rich period from 2012. 2) The average annual precipitation was above 500 mm except for Qiqihar, Huma and Anda stations. Precipitation occured mainly in summer time, which accounted for about 64% of the annual precipitation, and changes in monthly precipitation for many years for all stations showed a single-peaked curve. 3) The inter-annual variation of precipitation at Sunwu and Jixi stations showed a slightly decreasing trend. 4) The spatial distribution of precipitation for many years showed a pattern of decreasing from Sunwu and Mudanjiang stations as the center to surrounding regions, and that in spring time was rather consistent with that for many years. 5) There were two abrupt changes of annual precipitation in the mid 1980s and early 2000s in northern and southern Heilongjiang Province while no obvious changes occurred in eastern and western parts. Our analysis of the variation of precipitation and spatial distribution in Heilongjiang Province in the recent 50 years may provide useful guidance for the research work, water resources allocation and the production practice in the area.
2015 Vol. 13 (1): 76-83 [Abstract] ( 666 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1624KB] ( 938 )
84 Pan Ting, Zeng Liufu, Zeng Congsheng, Wang Weiqi
Effects of Spartina alterniflora invasion on soil organic carbon in the bare tidal flat wetland of Minjiang River estuary
This paper is devoted to disclose the effects of Spartina alterniflora invasion on soil organic carbon contents in the bare tidal flat. We chose the bare tidal flat and S. alterniflora wetlands of Minjiang River estuary as the research objects. The contents of soil organic carbon and soil labile organic carbon at different soil horizons of typical bare tidal flat and S. alterniflora wetlands were determined and the soil physicochemical properties were also analyzed. The results indicated that the contents of soil organic carbon at different soil depths (0 -60 cm) ranged from 0.95 to 12.43 g/ kg in the bare tidal flat and and from 1.45 to 10.04 g/ kg in S. alterniflora wetlands, with the mean values of 4.03 and 4.35 g/ kg, respectively. Compared with the bare tidal flat, the mean contents of soil microbial biomass carbon, dissolved organic carbon and light fraction organic carbon in soils (0 -60 cm) of S. alterniflora wetlands increased by 12.76%, 40.86% and 12.62%, respectively. The contents of easily oxidizable carbon changed very little. The results of this study showed that the invasion of S. alterniflora had increased the contents of soil organic carbon and soil labile organic carbon, but the influence was not significant.
2015 Vol. 13 (1): 84-90 [Abstract] ( 487 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 916KB] ( 1026 )
91 Fan Wenjie, Zhang Hongjiang, Cheng Jinhua, Yao Jingjing
Spatial distribution characteristics of soil microelements in Wuqiao County of Hebei Province
In order to reveal the spatial distribution of soil available microelements, and to better guide fertilizer management, 4965 soil samples were collected from Wuqiao County of Hebei Province as the research object. By using the geostatistics method combined with GIS, spatial distribution characteristics of the mass fraction of effective Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn were studied. The results showed that the mass fractions of effective Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn were 11.54, 11.84, 1.30 and 0.97 mg/ kg, respectively. The result of relevant parameters of semivariance analysis showed that the spatial autocorrelation ranges of effective Fe and Cu were larger in topsoil, while those of effective Zn and Mn were smaller in topsoil. The heterogeneity ranges of effective Fe and Cu were 879 and 660 m, respectively, while those of effective Zn and Mn were 33 and 36 m, respectively. The range of available microelements followed the order of effective Fe > effective Cu > effective Mn > effective Zn. Theoretical semivariogram models of four kinds of microelements conformed to exponential model. The ratios of nugget and sill of effective Cu and Fe ranged between 25% and 75%, which showed a moderate spatial correlation. The ratios of nugget and sill of effective Mn and Zn were higher than 75%, showing a weak spatial correlation. The spatial distribution maps by ordinary kriging interpolation can well reflect the spatial variability of soil microelements, and the accuracy of interpolation was relatively higher by testing.
2015 Vol. 13 (1): 91-95 [Abstract] ( 440 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 2525KB] ( 763 )
96 Wang Meng,Lei Hongjuan,Gao Yong,Wang Ji,Xiao Fang,Zhang Wen
Effects of water retention agent on the moisture content of sandy soil under rainfall simulation
In order to explore the effect of water retention agent on the moisture content of sandy soil, the reconstruction of laboratory soil column and artificial rainfall simulation test method were applied. The distribution of soil moisture content within 0 -30 cm depth of soil mixed with different dosages of water retention agent was analyzed. The result showed that with the increasing dosage of moisture retaining agent, the soil moisture content rose apparently. When the dosage of water retention agent was 0.2%, it was time-saving and efficient, and the soil moisture contents of three layers (0 -10 cm, 10 -20 cm, 20 - 30 cm) were 45.42%,48.48%,and 46.16%, respectively, which not only met the needs for growth of plants, but was also cost-saving. Our results are helpful for the rational use of water-saving afforestation and water retention agent, and provide a theoretical basis for arid and semiarid areas as well.
2015 Vol. 13 (1): 96-100 [Abstract] ( 630 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 900KB] ( 821 )
101 Jin Yisheng,Guo Xiaoping,Zhang Chengliang
Effects of adding humus from aged refuse on physical properties of landscaping soil
Humus soil from aged refuse, as a green matrix, could increase contents of soil organic matters and nutrients, but will also have certain effects on soil physical and water properties. In this study, we compared the soil physical and water properties after adding different proportions of aged refuse and soil (0%, 25%, 50% and 75%) in the field and lab with soil physics and hydrodynamics methods. The results showed that: 1) When the mass proportion of aged refuse and soil was 25%, soil physical properties (density, porosity, etc. ) and water characteristics were not significantly changed except that the soil sand content was increased. When the proportion was 50%, soil density, capillary porosity and water saturation rate had no significant changes, but the total soil porosity decreased evidently and the soil sand content and saturated hydraulic conductivity increased significantly. Soil physical properties and water features were significantly affected at the proportion of 75%, and compared with the control, the soil sand content increased by 217%, the soil saturated moisture content decreased by 11%, the capillary water content decreased by 26%, the soil saturated hydraulic conductivity increased by 93%, and the amount of soil available water reduced by 24.9%. 2) The Gardner model fitted well with soil water characteristic curves for different treatments. 3) Addition of aged refuse in a mass proportion rangeof 25% to 50% to the soil as green matrix was more appropriate.
2015 Vol. 13 (1): 101-105 [Abstract] ( 556 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 875KB] ( 751 )
106 Zhu Yongjie,Bi Huaxing,Huo Yunmei,Xu Huasen
Soil infiltration capacity of sunken green space and the effects of water storage on soil physical properties in Beijing
In order to analyze the law of soil water infiltration in the sunken green space, we monitored dynamically the permeation amount of soil moisture in the sunken green space and the average infiltration rate during the water storage process through simulating the influent water load of sunken green space at different rainfall intensities. The effect of collected rainwater runoff in the sunken green space on the soil porosity and bulk density during the process of collecting surrounding rainwater was explored. The results showed that: 1) Soil permeability in the sunken green space would increase with the increased rainstorm intensity at the heaviest rainfall once in 1, 3 and 5 years provided that the soil water contents are under essentially the same condition. 2) At the same intensity of rainstorm, there was no obvious difference in the permeation amount as well as average infiltration rate; the average infiltration rate tended to be larger for the soil with lower bulk density and larger total porosity. 3) With the times of water storage increasing, soil bulk density and total porosity changed greatly: the bulk density increased from 1.33 to 1.65 g/ cm3, while the total porosity dropped from the original 50.06% to 39.18% after the water storage experiment.
2015 Vol. 13 (1): 106-110 [Abstract] ( 630 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 896KB] ( 1011 )
111 Qiu Hailing, Zhu Qingke,Wu Pengfei
Cooling effect of urban green land on surrounding construction land
Urban green land plays an extremely important role on alleviating urban heat island effect. In this study, Beijing was selected as the study area, and a Landsat8 TIRS image obtained on July 31, 2013 was regarded as the basic data. The brightness temperature was inversed to express urban heat island effect. With GIS technology, the cooling effect of 30 pieces of urban green land on surrounding construction land was analyzed, and the results were as follows: 1) Brightness temperature inversed by Landsat8 TIRS image data could effectively express the urban heat island effect;2) The order from high to low of the cooling extent of green land on construction land is west > south > north > east; 3) There was an obvious positive correlation between cooling effect of green land and the area ratio of green land to construction land, and the change of the area ratio had the greatest effect on the cooling extent of construction land in the north direction; 4) There was an obvious negative relationship between the cooling effect of green land and the floor area ratio of construction land, and the change of the floor area ratio of construction land in the north direction of green land had the largest influence on cooling extent.
2015 Vol. 13 (1): 111-117 [Abstract] ( 476 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1926KB] ( 839 )
118 Wang Xuming, Zeng Dongping, Min Qingwen, Tong Chuan, Wang Weiqi, Zhang Yongxun, Zheng Jiangmin
Soil stoichiometric ratio and its effect on carbon release potential of Jasminum sambac plantations in Fuzhou
We selected organic Jasminum sambac plantation, common J. sambac plantation and J. sambac + Dimocarpus longan interplanting plantation as research objects in order to clarify the effect of different planting patterns on soil stoichiometric ratio and carbon release potential of J. sambac plantations. The soil total carbon (TC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), total potassium (TK) mass fractions and carbon dioxide (CO2 ) release potential were measured. Results showed that: 1) mass ratios of soil carbon to nitrogen (C/ N) in the above-mentioned plantations were 11.33, 10.93, 9.48; carbon to phosphorus ratios (C/ P) were 23.23, 25.33, 10.91; carbon to potassium ratios (C/ K) were 1.02, 0.88, 1.66; nitrogen to phosphorus ratios (N/ P) were 2.05, 2.32, 1.14; nitrogen to potassium ratios (N/ K) were 0.09, 0.08, 0.17; phosphorus to potassium ratios (P/ K) were 0.04, 0.03, 0.15, respectively. 2) Soil C/ N ratio in the three J. sambac plantations followed the order of organic J. sambac plantation > common J. sambac plantation > J. sambac + D. longan interplanting plantation. Soil N/ P ratio was significantly lower in organic J. sambac plantation than in common J. sambac plantation, while soil P/ K ratio was the opposite. Soil C/ P and N/ P ratios were significantly lower in J. sambac + D. longan interplanting plantation than in common J. sambac plantation, while the opposite was true for soil C/ K, N/ K and P/ K ratios. 3) Soil CO2 release potentials were 5.80, 3.79 and 4.92 μg/ (g·d) in the three J. sambac plantations, respectively, but the difference was not significant. The soil C/ P, C/ K, N/ P and N/ K ratios of J. sambac + D. longan interplanting plantation were indicative to certain degree to the CO2 release potential in the profile. Interplanting-organic combination is a more reasonable planting pattern of J. sambac cropping systems in Fuzhou.
2015 Vol. 13 (1): 118-126 [Abstract] ( 538 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1033KB] ( 814 )
127 Zhang Zhenchao, Zhang Linlin, Wang Dongmei, Ma Bin
Topsoil protection and utilization in production and construction projects
Topsoil is rich in organic matters, soil enzymes, microorganisms and other substances, and provides nutritions and good environment to supply for and coordinate plant growth. However, with the rapid development of economy, various production and construction projects bring about disturbance to surface soil, resulting in occupation and erosion of a large area of topsoil, which has threatened the ecological and food security. A number of laws and norms such as the new Soil and Water Conservation Law and Soil and Water Conservation Technical Specification of Development and Construction Projects have made specific provision for topsoil protection and utilization in production and construction projects. The disturbance to surface soil should be minimized in production and construction activities, and the topsoil should be stripped in the unavoidable disturbing areas. However, until now, problems of topsoil protection and utilization still exist in the production and construction projects, such as weak consciousness of protection of construction clients, the unsound law and imperfect technology. Accordingly, relevant government departments should establish effective compensation mechanism for topsoil stripping as soon as possible, set the topsoil stripping as the main concern in reviewing soil and water conservation programs, and meanwhile, strengthen the research of topsoil stripping technology. This review summarizes the current studies on topsoil protection and utilization measurements in China and abroad, aiming at providing scientific methods for reducing disturbance to surface soil and rationally utilizing topsoil in production and construction projects in the future.
2015 Vol. 13 (1): 127-132 [Abstract] ( 525 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 883KB] ( 1201 )
中国水土保持科学
　
Notice on the Recruitment of Youth Editorial Board Members for the Journal of SSWC
Theme on Spreading Spirits of Great Scientists: LIANG Xi, the Founder of Forestry Education in China
ZHENG Fenli, CHEN Liding and LEI Tingwu in the list of Highly Cited Chinese Researchers by Elsevier
SSWC Indexed in the 2020 edition of “A Guide to the Core Journals of China”
Science of Soil and Water Conservation Accepted for Inclusion in Scopus
2020 Editor-in-Chief Meeting of Science of Soil and Water Conservation Held in Beijing, Concurrently
SSWC Selected to Be in Core Library of Source Journals of CSCD during 2019-2020
SSWC Indexed in the 2017 edition of “A Guide to the Core Journals of China”
Appreciation for peer reviewer of SSWC Editorial Board
2017 Editor-in-Chief Meeting of Science of Soil and Water Conservation Held in the Yangling of Shaan
Professor Wang Lixian, Former Editor-in-Chief of SSWC Won Norman Hudson Memory Award
Calls for Papers in English
Deputy Editor-in-Chief Cui Peng Elected as a Member of 9th National Committee of CAST
Three Members of SSWC Editorial Board Rewarded as NOSTW in 7th Session Assessment
Election of 4th Editorial Board and First Meeting of New Board Held in Beijing
Deputy Editor-in-Chief of SSWC, Academician Cui Peng elected as a member of the IRDR SC
Notice About The 5 Not-Allowed Rules While Publishing Academic Articles by 7 Organizations
SSWC Indexed in “A Guide to the Core Journals of China”
Science of Soil and Water Conservation Calls for Papers
SSWC Selected to Be in Core Library of Source Journals of Chinese Science Citation Database During
On the Home Page of the Journal Science of Soil and Water Conservation
Five Papers of Science of Soil and Water Conservation Determined as Excellent in 5th Assessment
Congratulations to Deputy Editor-in-Chief Cui Peng Elected as Academician of Chinese Academy of Scie
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