中国水土保持科学
Home
About Journal
Editorial
Publication Ethics
Instruction
Subscription
Contact Us
中文
Editorial 1
Editorial 2
Editorial 3
Editorial 4
For Author
Scope for Articles
Writing Format
中国水土保持科学
Paper Search
Adv Search
2013 Vol.11 No.3
Published 2013-06-30
Articles
1
Chen Junjie, Sun Liying, Liu Junti, Cai Qiangguo
Effects of slope gradients on rill erosion:Study based on three-dimensional laser technology
Indoor rain simulation experiments were conducted in this study under different slope degrees (10°, 15°, 20°, 25°), rainfall intensities using deionized water (1.5, 2.0 mm/ min) and slope lengths (5,10 m). The 3D laser scanner was employed to make real-time monitor after each rainfall event, and the effects of different slope degrees on rill erosion were analyzed. The results showed that the slope sediment yield significantly correlated with slope and could be expressed by binomial fomular. As the increased slope degree, the slope sediment yield increased firstly and then declined. The 3D laser scanner could calculate the data of rill development form and erosion amounts accurately. The development of the rill differed in slopes. The ratio of rill breadth to depth became smaller with steeper slope. There was significant positive correlation between rill density, rill erosion and the slope. The development degree of rill aggravated with steeper slope.
2013 Vol. 11 (3): 1-5 [
Abstract
] (
1033
) [
HTML
1KB] [
PDF
2052KB] (
1426
)
6
Cheng Jing, Wu Guangyan, Yun Feng, Wang Jian, Wu Faqi
Soil productivity restoration and evaluation of erosion degradation in Weibei Dry Highland
Soil erosion can decline productivity and threat to agricultural production. Therefore, it is a great significance to restore and evaluate the soil productivity. The recovery of soil productivity was studied and evaluated to simulate different degree of erosion of soil productivity, which selected the fertilization and cover the topsoil two recovery measures through artificial stripping of mellow soil. The results showed that: 1) soil erosion could deteriorate the physical and chemical properties of soil.Fertilization and covering soil could improve the soil bulk density, porosity, and increase soil organic matter and mass nutrient contents. 2) Soil erosion could reduce crop yields by an average of 1.27 percent per 1cm mellow soil eroded under no fertilization. Compared with the control treatment, corn yield increased by 0.87% per 1cm mellow soil eroded under fertilization. However, corn yield increased by 0.91% when covered by 1cm mellow soil, but could not completely compensate for the erosion yield losses. 3 ) The value of productivity index under different measures was calculated through soil productivity index model (PI model). The results showed that the value of productivity index under nofertilization was lowest. The average decrease of productivity index value was 2.17% per 1cm mellow soil eroded under fertilization. The average increase of productivity index value was 1.09% per 1cm cooked soil eroded compared with no fertilization, while the average increase of productivity index value was 1.29% per 1cm mellow soil covered, which indicated that the covering soil was easier than fertilization to improve soil productivity. 4) A good positive correlation was found between yield and productivity index by correlation analysis, which indicated that it was feasible to measure soil productivity by productivity index.
2013 Vol. 11 (3): 6-11 [
Abstract
] (
830
) [
HTML
1KB] [
PDF
774KB] (
1243
)
12
Hu Xiaohong, SuiYuanyuan, Zhang Yu, Wang Yongfeng, LIU Mingyi, LIU Yanjun
Effects of different tillages on the soil and water conservation benefits in Northeast black soil area of China
To find the effective methods for protecting the sloping farmland in Northeast black soil area from soil and water erosion, soil and water conservation benefit from sloping land with stubble, crop rotation and straw returning was analyzed by laboratory and field test in Tanzifang Watershed of Yitong County, Jilin Province. The results indicated that: 1) Runoff and erosion were the highest in the control plot while plot with straw returning had the minimum value. Compared with the control, runoff and soil erosion of plots with different tillage measures were decreased by 36.4% -66.7% and 75.2% -86.4% respectively. 2) Compared with the control, soil organic matter content in the sediment under stubble,crop rotation and straw returning measures was reduced by 56.6%, 62.8% and 81.4%, the content of total nitrogen by 53.3%, 60.0% and 80.0% and total phosphorus content by 38.5%, 61.5% and 84.6%, respectively. Moreover, soil nutrient loss with different tillages decreased by more than 85% compared with the control.
2013 Vol. 11 (3): 12-16 [
Abstract
] (
964
) [
HTML
1KB] [
PDF
776KB] (
1233
)
17
Xu Zhiqiang, Zhang Guangcan, Liu Xia, Wang Bing, Zhao Yu, Li Huan, Wu Di
Suitability evaluation and zoning in ecological natural restoration of soil and water conservation in Funiu Mountains Area of Huaihe River Valley
The soil erosion in Funiu Mountains Area is serious, and the implementation of ecological restoration in soil and water conservation is an effective way to solve the problem of soil and water loss.Aiming at resolving the suitability division problems in large-scale ecological restoration project, the dominant factor grading combination and the analysis methods of thematic map overlay were used to evaluate and zone the suitability of ecological natural restoration in Funiu Mountains Area. The results showed that 1) the three dominant factors including geomorphological types, land-cover types and the slopes of the ground, were proposed as the indexes in the suitability assessment and classification of ecological natural restoration; 2) According to the degree of suitability in the implement of protected conservation, namely the ecological natural restoration, three suitability grades of ecological natural restoration including suitability, temporarily unsuitability and unsuitability, were proposed in Funiu Mountains Area, and their regional distribution patterns were determined; 3) the suitability of ecological natural restoration in Funiu Mountains Area was divided into two regions ( A-level districts), four Subregions (B-level districts) and fifteen type regions (C-level districts). The research could provideeffective technical support for the layout in ecological natural restoration projects of soil and water conservation.
2013 Vol. 11 (3): 17-23 [
Abstract
] (
856
) [
HTML
1KB] [
PDF
5030KB] (
1236
)
24
Cheng Fudong, Zhang Xi, Dai Quanhou, Yu Lifei, Su Haijun, Liang Jiawei
Quantitative evaluation of social and economic benefits in the rocky desertificated management district:A case study in Liuzhi special region, Guizhou Province
To solve the difficult of social and economic benefit evaluation in the process of controlling rocky desertification in southwest of China, a case study was conducted in Liuzhi special region. This paper established the quantitative evaluation system of social and economic benefits in the rocky desertificated management region based on 16 factors as evaluation index from 6 aspects which were land utilization, industrial structure, output growth rate, output value structure, consumption structure and growth rate of per capita net income. Social and economic benefits were quantificational evaluatedby the analytical hierarchy process to determine weights and hierarchical multi-level comprehensive evaluation method to establish evaluation model. Results showed that the evaluation indexes of land utilization,industrial structure, output growth rate, output value structure, consumption structure and growth rate ofper capita net income increased as time went on. In detail, land utilization index increased from 0.807 4 to 0.862 3, industrial structure index increased from 0.470 8 to 0.598 6, output growth rate index increased from 0.568 4 to 0.804 8, output value structure index increased from 0.625 6 to 0.599 9,consumption structure index increased from 0.666 1 to 0.770 7 and growth rate of per capita net income index increased from 0.380 9 to 0.733 2. The socio- economic evaluation index in Liuzhi management region increased from the 0.533 3 in 2008 to 0.672 0 in 2013, which indicated the rocky desertification control project was effective.
2013 Vol. 11 (3): 24-28 [
Abstract
] (
883
) [
HTML
1KB] [
PDF
791KB] (
1427
)
29
LI Bing
Assessment of air purification, carbon fixation and oxygen release of plain forestry in China
The capacity of plain forestry purifying air purification, fixing carbon and releasing oxygen of forestry in 2001 and 2005 were measured by methods of opportunity cost, shadow price, etc. The results indicated that 1) the total values of air purification, carbon fixation and oxygen release in 2001 and 2005 were 1.46 ×1012 and 1.87 ×1012 Yuan respectively. In 2005, the values of air purification in the northeast zone, the Chinese north zone, the Chinese east zone, the central south zone, the southwest zone, the northwest zone of China were 2.57 ×1011, 2.97 ×1011, 5.29 ×1011, 3.17 ×1011, 3.16 ×1010 and 1.24 ×1011 Yuan respectively, while the values of carbon fixation and oxygen release were 9.06 × 1010, 4.26 ×1010, 8.38 ×1010, 6.65 ×1010, 5.20 ×109 and 2.87 ×1010 Yuan respectively. 2) The descending order by the total values was sorted as: the Chinese east zone, the central south zone, the northeast zone, the Chinese north zone, the northwest zone, and the southwest zone. Based on such tremendous values, construction and management of plain forestry in China should be advocated to solve the problem of air pollution and increase forestry carbon sinks of plain areas in China.
2013 Vol. 11 (3): 29-34 [
Abstract
] (
838
) [
HTML
1KB] [
PDF
777KB] (
1204
)
35
Zhang Chengliang, Sun Long, Zhang Hongjiang, Cheng Jinhua, Liu Xiaoyu
Experimental study of effects of different ratio of gangue mixture to screening refuse soil on shearing strength
Using the self-made shear instrument, the shear resistant intensity of the mixed material by the coal gangue and waste soil was measured. And the effect of rainfall intensity on the mixed material stability was also studied by artificial rainfall experiments. The results showed that when the proportion of coal gangue in the mixed material was in the range of 30% and 70%, the shearing strength increased with the coal gangue proportion increasing. When the proportion of coal gangue was more than 70% or less than 30%, the shearing strength was not related to the proportion of coal gangue. In the mixed material, the soil moisture was negatively related to the shear strength. The rainfall would reduce the shear strength of the mixed material, and then reduce the stability of slope. In the aspect of slope stability and plant growth, the suitable proportion of coal gangue and waste soil was about 50%.
2013 Vol. 11 (3): 35-39 [
Abstract
] (
883
) [
HTML
1KB] [
PDF
793KB] (
1141
)
40
Li Yan, Yu Pengtao, Wang Yanhui, Li Zhiyong, Liu Gefei, Pan Shuai, Li Zhenhua, Xu Lihong, Xiong Wei, Zuo Haijun
Effects of Land use change on runoff in Rouyuanchuan small basin
The annual runoff had decreased dramatically during last several decades in NW China. This led that the water shortage in this region was more serious. However, ongoing climate change and land use change (i. e. forestation and afforestation) were found not to be key reasons of this runoff reduction.Thus, it was speculated that land use intensity increasing and veqetation structure variation were the main reasons of this runoff reduction. In present paper, Rouyuanchuan, a small basin located in NE, was chosen as research area and its land use intensity was analyzed according to its image data recorded by QuickBird in 2009, and DEM. Results showed that: 1) In Rouyuanchan small basin, grassland andcropland were the key types of land use as 69.8% and 21.7% of basin area, respectively. But forests only accounted for 3.4% of basin area. 2) Forest were open forest with average crown density of 0.1,average tree density of 260 trees/ hm2, average canopy width of 3.4 m. 3) Three types of artificial grassland, i. e. alfalfa plantation, grassland within ditches and grassland within small pits, occurred with 6.2%, 4% and 1.8% of basin area, respectively; however, natural grassland was still key type of grassland which accounted for 57.8% of basin area. Grassland with medium level of coverage (20% -50%) accounted for 44.2% of basin area. Grassland with high level of coverage ( >50%), which was consisted of alfalfa plantation, amounted to only 2.8% of basin area. 4) The landform was changed strongly by cropland terracing. Terraces, which accounted for 11.1% of basin area, were more than traditional sloping cropland in Rouyuanchuan small basin. These indicated that land use intensity was increasing and vegetation structure was changing e. g. terracing farmland and grass plantation, which would strongly affect on the runoff.
2013 Vol. 11 (3): 40-46 [
Abstract
] (
909
) [
HTML
1KB] [
PDF
3198KB] (
1145
)
47
LI Yongyao, Xiong Kangning, Luo Ya
Research on driving factors of agriculture development in Karst rocky desertification management areas:Based on Solow growth speed equation
Taking Huajiang demonstration area in Guanling—Zhenfeng County, Guizhou Province as study area and using Solow growth speed equation, the contribution rate of agriculture input factors including science and technology progress, labor, capital, land for agriculture economic growing in demonstration area were estimated and the positive and negative factors of agriculture development were analyzed. Meanwhile, through studying several typical agricultural comprehensive development models in rocky desertification mountain area and the advanced ideas, characteristics, key technologies and models of the sustainable agriculture, ecological agriculture, low-carbon agriculture, precision agriculture,natural agriculture and intensive agriculture of the modern agriculture at home and abroad, three countermeasures including attach great importance to ecological restoration and reconstruction and comprehensive agricultural development, the agricultural production structure adjustment and agricultureecologicalization and industrialization simultaneously, strengthening the science and technology support and improving the agricultural science and technology progress contribution rate etc. were proposed to promote the improvement of eco-environment and sustainable development of agriculture in rocky desertification comprehensive management areas.
2013 Vol. 11 (3): 47-54 [
Abstract
] (
754
) [
HTML
1KB] [
PDF
802KB] (
1171
)
55
Jia Jianbo, Yu Xinxiao, Li Yitao, Wang Henian
Water consumption of Pinus tabuliformis in Beijing Mountain Area
In order to explore the evapotranspiration of evergreen trees in Beijing Mountainou Area, the dynamic change of Pinus tabuliformis transpiration in the West Mountain Area of Beijing was continuously and high-precision measured in June 2010 using large-scale weighing lysimeter. Combined with the observational data of meteorological factors, the correlation between transpiration intensity and meteorological factors was analyzed. The results showed that: In sunny days, diurnal variation of transpiration of Pinus tabulaeformis showed a single-peak curve trend and the maximum was found at noon, which was in accordance with the solar radiation intensity and the temperature. But in rainy days,it showed the multi-peak curve trend. Transpiration intensity (Ti) was significantly related to atmospheric temperature (Ta ), relativeair humidity (RH ), canopy net radiation (Rn ) and vapor pressure deficit (VPD), the regression equation was Ti =2.228 -0.07Ta -0.032RH -0.002Rn +1.108VPD.
2013 Vol. 11 (3): 55-58 [
Abstract
] (
771
) [
HTML
1KB] [
PDF
791KB] (
1229
)
59
Li Xingchen, Yang Jihua, Yu Lianjia, Ma Shengguo, Zhang Guoqing, Ai Zhao, Hu Jianpeng
Influence of different site preparation modes on the function of soil and water conservation of Platycladus orientalis forest in Limestone Mountainous region
Six-year-old Platycladus orientalis forest, built in three different site preparations, i. e. level-terrace, scale ripple and foveolate site preparation on the upper part of Dongshan small watershed, the limestone area in Wennan Tower, Xintai City, was chosen to be the research object. In October 2012,sample harvest method was used to measure the stand volume of litter and biomass of shrub and grass,cutting ring water immersion method was used to measure soil physical properties and water storage performance, monocyclic ring quantitative water was used to measure soil infiltration rate and scaleplate was used to measure soil erosion amount. The results in the research of influence on Platycladus orientalisfrom different site preparation modes showed that: 1) In level-terrace site preparation, the soil physical properties were best and the soil nutrients quality was highest, while those in scale ripple site preparation took second place and in foveolate site preparation were worst. The soil infiltration rate of Platycladus orientalis in level-terrace site preparation was highest while that in foveolate site preparation was lowest.2) The tree growth and litter layer volume of level-terrace site preparation was biggest while that of foveolate site preparation was smallest. 3) The understory shrub and grass biomass of three site preparations was all less than the control; the biomass of foveolate site preparation was largest, that of level-terrace site preparation was smallest and that of scale ripple site preparation was between the two.4) Compared with the control, the soil saturation water storage in level-terrace site preparation was the largest with 117.69 m3 / hm2, followed by 97.04 m3 / hm2 of scale ripple site preparation and the smallest was 78.90 m3 / hm2 of foveolate site preparation. 5) Compared with the control, the soil erosion amount reduced the most with 39.161 t/ hm2·a in level-terrace site preparation, while that of foveolate site preparation reduced the least, to be 34.569 t/ hm2·a. The research provided scientific basis for choosing site preparations to build soil and water conservation forest on the upper part of limestone degradation mountain.
2013 Vol. 11 (3): 59-65 [
Abstract
] (
757
) [
HTML
1KB] [
PDF
788KB] (
1155
)
66
Zhu Hailing, Yang Xiaohui, Zhang Xuepei, Wei Tianxin, Lin Tianmiao
Extraction and analysis of the watershed features based on the Digital Elevation Model of the Miyun Reservoir
The contours map of upstream in Miyun Reservoir in Beijing was the basic data for DEM generation supported by ArcGIS software. Drainage network and basin were graded by slope, aspect and drainage network extracted from DEM. Detailed statistical analysis were used to analyze the characteristic of divided drainage basin. The results showed that areas which heights ranged from 130 to 1 695 m and from 500 to 1 000 m occupied 55.03% of total area. Slope gradient more than 25 degrees took up 68.53% of studied area, where the potential strong erosion risks may exist. The ratio of shady slope to sunny slopes was almost 1∶1. The drainage network was divided into 9 levels, and totally 16 sub-basins.The soil erosion intensity and river confluence and storage capacity of each sub-basin were obtained from the analysis of the river density, the shape coefficient, the coefficient of river bend, the stream gradient and so on. The results could provide references of watershed management planning and hydrological model establishment.
2013 Vol. 11 (3): 66-72 [
Abstract
] (
934
) [
HTML
1KB] [
PDF
1627KB] (
1774
)
73
Zhou Ning, Man Xiuling, Li Chao
Comparison of the soil erosion intensity evaluation method in Lalin River Watershed of Heilongjiang black earth region
In order to protect water and soil resources and the environment, evaluate the regional soil erosion intensity, this paper took the Lalin River Watershed of Heilongjiang black earth region as the studied area. Slope angle, aspect, soil types, landuse and normalized vegetation index were chosen as evaluation indexes, and the logistic regression model and generalized regression neural network model were adopted to assess soil erosion intensity with the ArcGIS platform. Then, the results of two models were evaluated by the receiver-operating characteristic curve (i. e. ROC curve) . Analyses results showed that areas under the curve (i. e. AUC) of logistic regression model and generalized regression neural network model were respectively 0.857 and 0.881, consistent with the actual soil erosion intensity. The evaluation results of two models were established for mutual and the results of generalized regression neural network model were more accurate.
2013 Vol. 11 (3): 73-77 [
Abstract
] (
848
) [
HTML
1KB] [
PDF
2141KB] (
1170
)
78
Zhao Yuming, Liu Baoyuan, Zhu Shaobo, Liu Suhong, Xie Yun
Estimation of three parameters for transforming coordinate system from Xi’an-1980 into WGS-1984
Field work should be mapped for soil erosion survey in the first water conservancy survey of China, but the coordinate systems used for field support maps, remote imagery and GPS were different.So it has to be transformed from Xi爷an 1980 into WGS-1984 in order to facilitate the investigation. In this study, 61 sites were chosen for 14 parts in 10 provinces. Three parameters for transforming coordinate system from Xi爷an-1980 into WGS-1984 were estimated by using coord software for every part and then averaged for both regional and national scales. Under the support of ArcMap software, 61 sites in Xi’an-1980 coordinate system were transformed into WGS-1984, and their geographic errors were estimated by comparing the transformed WGS-1984 and google earth image coordinate system. The results showed that both longitudinal and latitudinal errors in average were less than 10 m using regional three parameters,and less than 15 m using national three parameters, which could satisfy the precision of 20 m for national soil erosion survey and could provide convenience for other similar surveys of the country or regions.
2013 Vol. 11 (3): 78-83 [
Abstract
] (
766
) [
HTML
1KB] [
PDF
773KB] (
1096
)
84
Wang Fang, Liu Ning, Wang Tun, Feng Qiang
Ecophysiological responses of one-year-old Forsythia suspensa seedlings to controlled light intensity conditions
To investigate the light response and acclimation of Forsythia suspensa in seedling stage,improving seedling quality and production,one year old Forsythia suspensa seedlings were selected to test under four light intensities (100%,50%,25% and 12.5% relative transmittance levels) under field conditions. Survival rates,photosynthetic traits,morphology,biomass accumulation and allocation patterns of these seedlings after one growing season were measured. The results showed that at 50% relative transmittance level,the maximum net assimilation rate (Amax),light saturation point and chlorophyll b content of one year old Forsythia suspensa seedlings decreased significantly,but seedling height (H),root collar diameter (RCD),total root length (RL),root surface area (RS) and biomass accumulation of all organs significantly increased,while root mass ratio (RMR) decreased and stem mass ratio (SMR) and above/ belowground mass ratio increased. At 25% relative transmittance level,survival rates,Amax,H,RCD,RL,RS and biomass accumulation of all organs of the seedlings significantly increased and were highest among all light intensities, while only SMR increased in all biomass allocation variables.Moreover,at 12.5% relative transmittance level,only Amax,RCD,RL,RS significantly increased with smaller increments than that at 50% and 25% relative transmittance levels,while only leaf mass ratio (LMR) decreased in all biomass allocation variables. Therefore, one year old Forsythia suspensa seedlings showed inconsistent photosynthetic responses to all shade treatments and consistent morphological and biomass accumulation responses to medium shades,and were capable of acclimating medium shade by increasing biomass allocation of aboveground structure. Thus,the light requirements and habit of Forsythia suspensa in seedling stage should be emphasized in future management works of nurseries.
2013 Vol. 11 (3): 84-90 [
Abstract
] (
797
) [
HTML
1KB] [
PDF
792KB] (
1179
)
91
Sun Zengfu, Kong Linggang, Han Xinying
The rhizosphere effects of soil nutrient on Populus agroforestry ecosystems
By comparative investigation, the populus growth, soil physical properties, soil nutrient, and the rhizosphere effects of soil nutrient between populus and intercrops were studied in 3 agroforestry ecosystems, which intercropped mentha spicata, Triticum aestivum, Ipomoea batatas, respectively. Pure populous plantation was chosen as the control. The result showed that the populus growth in agroforestry ecosystems intercropping mentha spicata was obviously lower than other three stands. The key factor that influenced Populus growth were soil nutrients of the rhizosphere and rhizosphere effect variation, rather than soil physical properties, soil pH value and soil nutrients of the non - rhizosphere. In the rhizosphere soil, the soil nutrient content of intercropping triticum aestivum and ipomoea batatas was higher; but soil organic matter and available P content in rhizosphere of intercropping mentha spicata were higher than that of pure stand, while soil available K and N presented inverse tendency. For the intercrops, the soil nutrient content except available N of mentha spicata were all higher than that of triticum aestivum and ipomoea batatas. With respect to the rhizosphere effect of soil nutrients, soil nutrients except the soil organic matter in intercropping mentha spicata were all less than that of the pure plantation and mentha spicata, soil nutrients except the available P in intercropping triticum aestivum were all higher than that of pure plantation and triticum aestivum, soil nutrients except the available P in intercropping ipomoea batatas were all lower than that of pure plantation, and higher than that of ipomoea batatas except the available N.
2013 Vol. 11 (3): 91-95 [
Abstract
] (
870
) [
HTML
1KB] [
PDF
806KB] (
1290
)
96
Zhang Rui, Yu Jian, Geng Guijun, Li Jingjing, Bai Gangshuan
Effects of PAM with different application methods on soil moisture, soil temperature and growth of Zea mays
In order to probe the best application methods of PAM in Zea mays production in Hetao Irrigation District, Inner Mongolia, PAM was applied with four methods of furrowing, mixing,broadcasting and holing, taken plots without PAM at Zea mays sowing as control. Effects of PAM on soil moisture, soil temperature and Zea mays growth status were studied at different growth stages of Zea mays. The results showed that:1)The application of PAM led to the increase of soil moisture during all growth stages of Zea mays, especially in drought stage of tasseling-silking and filling stages. 2) The application of PAM hindered the rise of soil temperature in seedling and trefoil stages, and inhibited the growth of Zea mays seedling. 3)The application of PAM promoted Zea mays growth from jointing stage,especially in tasseling-silking and filling stages. 4) Compared with the control, Zea mays yields of furrowing, mixing, broadcasting and holing increased by 30.6%, 39.3%, 40.2% and 31.7%respectively, water use efficiency improved by 18.97%,25.43%, 29.69% and 20.46% respectively,and water production rate improved by 31.36%, 40.71%, 42.15% and 32.32% respectively. 5)In Hetao Irrigation District, broadcasting was the relatively optimum application method of PAM at Zea mays sowing.
2013 Vol. 11 (3): 96-103 [
Abstract
] (
719
) [
HTML
1KB] [
PDF
816KB] (
1184
)
104
Zhang Xinbao
New data on sedimentation in the Mawoshan Karst Basin of Northwest Guizhou Province
This paper provided new data on recent environment changes and 137 Cs depth distributions in the Mawoshan Karst Basin to reply the paper on “ Recording of soil sediment in the Mawoshan Karst Basin of Northwest Guizhou Province冶from Mr. Wu Pang. New data indicated that: 1) The Mawoshan Karst Basin was not continuous lake environment before 1970s. As the sink hole was blocked, the lower part of the basin was impounded and became a lake in 1958. The lake was drained and returned to farming land when a drain tunnel was dug out in 1973. 2) Spatial variations of 137 Cs depth distributions over the basin were similar between this paper and Mr. Wu Pang爷s paper. The major differences of 137Cs depth distributions in the three cores of the lower part of the basin between the two papers were : except for a few layers in the middle and lower parts of the profile containing 137 Cs with concentrations mostlygreater than 2 Bq/ kg, the rest layers contain little 137Cs in his paper, however, except for a few layers in the middle and lower parts of the profile containing little 137 Cs, the rest layers contain 137 Cs with concentrations mostly less than 2 Bq/ kg in this paper. As the type and model number of detector,delectability, counting sample weight, counting time and analytical precision were not described in Mr Wu’s paper, the reasons for the differences of 137 Cs concentrations of the layers in the cores were not discussed between the two papers.
2013 Vol. 11 (3): 104-108 [
Abstract
] (
789
) [
HTML
1KB] [
PDF
1646KB] (
918
)
109
Tang Qiang, He Xiubin, Bao Yuhai, Long Yi, Zhang Xinbao
A review of studies on catchment sediment sources discrimination with fingerprinting techniques
Sediment sources discrimination with fingerprinting procedures has been established as a novel technique in investigating catchment soil erosion and sediment redistribution. Within-catchment potential sediment sources were initially identified and classified according to catchment-specific soil erosion and sediment redistribution characteristics, sediment fingerprints with source-specific diagnostic ability were then selected and analyzed according to the previously determined source types, and the relative contributions of potential sediment sources to sediment yield at the catchment outlet can be quantitatively differentiated by establishing the fingerprint link between mixed sediment samples and source materials.Furthermore, combined with suspended or deposited sediment flux monitoring, sediment load at catchment outlet contributed by specific sediment source type can be quantitatively determined and the spatiotemporal variance of soil erosion and sediment export in a catchment can be explicitly understood.The present paper reviewed the theoretical basis of the fingerprinting technique and implementing framework of fingerprinting procedures, potential sediment source types, categories, distribution patternand diagnostic ability of sediment fingerprints, and development of composite finger printing. Finally,limitations and prospects associated with sediment fingerprinting were analyzed and discussed.
2013 Vol. 11 (3): 109-117 [
Abstract
] (
966
) [
HTML
1KB] [
PDF
835KB] (
1316
)
118
Lv Zhao, Wang Dongmei, Xu Zhiyou, Wang Wenjing
Soil erosion characteristic and prevention measures in abandoned dreg (soil) field of production and construction
The abandoned dreg sites of production and construction project is variety, the composition and structure of waste slag is complex, thus, different sites have different erosion form, the mechanism is not same too. The soil and water loss in abandoned dreg field is very serious, which leads hard to implement appropriate soil and water conservation measures. Based on the demonstration and classification of soil erosion type and its characteristics’analysis, the main factors influenced soil erosion in abandoned dreg site were pointed out to be row of abandon way, material composition, slope and accumulation time etc. Combining with abandon dreg field water loss and soil erosion control goal,ensuring stability and safety of the abandoned dreg field, and restoring the land productivity, this paper analyzed the current soil and water conservation measures’characteristics and gave advices in establishing and perfecting measures system of soil and water conservation in abandoned dreg field, which provided a scientific basis and guidanc for controlling the soil and water loss.
2013 Vol. 11 (3): 118-126 [
Abstract
] (
1146
) [
HTML
1KB] [
PDF
796KB] (
1808
)
