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2010 Vol.8 No.S1
Published 2010-08-01
Articles
1
DAI Wei-；Guo-Xiao-Beng-；Wang-Xiao-Ning-；Bang-Hai-Yan-；Shi-Xiao-Li
Study on oxygen release and carbon sequestration by greening along the state road G101
Through the observation of the change in the net photochemical velocity and leaf area index of the eighteen kinds of virescence trees in a section of state road G101 on that plain of Beijing, the amount of the absorbed carbon-dioxide and released oxygen per unit leaf area of each species of virescence tree as well as its daily value were calculated with the actinic equation.The abilities of absorbing carbon-dioxide and releasing oxygen of different species of observed tree were graded by using clustering analysis method.The results show that the seasonal variation of daily absorbed carbon-dioxide and released oxygen per unit leaf area can be classified as three types,i.e.up-going,down-going and single peak.According to the amount of the absorbed carbon-dioxide and released oxygen per unit leaf area,the different species of tree were identified as three grades.
Broussonetia papyrifera
and
Prunus cerasifera
are the first grade,the species of the second level contain
Populus tomentosa
,
Sophora japonica
,
Salix matsudana
,
Fraxinus pennsylvanica
，
Rhus typhina
,
Koelreuteria paniculata
，
Prunus persica
，
Euonymus japonica
，
Syringa oblata
，
Lagerstroemia indica
,
Platamus occidentalis
；the species of the third level contain
Robinia pseudoacacia
，
Acer truncatum Bunge
，
Sorbaria kirilowii
and
Pinus tabulaeformis
；According to the amount of the absorbed carbon-dioxide and released oxygen per unit area, the different species of tree were also identified as three grades.
Broussonetia papyrifea
,
Prunus cerasifera
and
Platamus occidentalis
are the first grade, the species of second grade contain
Populus tomentosa
，
Robinia pseudoacacia
,
Acer truncatum
Bunge,
Fraxinus pennsylvanica
,
Rhus typhina
,
Koelreuteria paniculata
,
Prunus persica
and
Lagerstroemia indica
；the species of third grade contain
Sophora japonica
,
Salix matsudana
,
Sorbaria kirilowii
,
Euonymus japonica
,
Syringa oblata
and
Pinus tabulaeformis
.
2010 Vol. 8 (S1): 1-5 [
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1776
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1429
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6
DIAO Fang-Ying-；Cheng-Xiao-Qin
Study on re-vegetation and soil characteristics on the slope along the road in Beijing Shouyun Iron Ore
The natural and artificial restoration of vegetation was investigated on the slope along the road in Beijing Shouyun Iron Ore. Total 21 plant species were found in 10-year natural restoration. Among these species, there were 7 ones of Asteraceae, 5 of Gramineae. 14 plant species were found in 1-year artificial restoration. Among them, Gramineae，Fabaceae and Simaroubaceae contained 2 species respectively.18 plant species were found in 2-year artificial restoration.Among them,Gramineae,Fabaceae contained 3 species respectively.The plant community with artificial restoration was rich in plant growth form than with natural restoration. Covered with 10 cm hill-skill soil and choosing an appropriate plant, the recovery of a-diversity of plant communities was accelerated. The contents of available K and P increased to a certain degree respectively in top soil. For short-time artificial restoration and the consumption of nitrogenous fertilizer due to plant growing, the content of organic matter and total N with artificial restoration were lower than that with 10-year natural restoration.
2010 Vol. 8 (S1): 6-10 [
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1909
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1327
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11
DAI Quan-Yu-；Liu-Feng-；Jiang-Dong-Meng-；Hong-Wei-Gang
Discussion on the ideas of vegetation restoration design of highway cutting slope in semiarid mountain：Take Beijing-Chengde Highway (the third period) of Beijing for instance
In this paper,the section of Beijing-Chengde Highway in Beijing was taken for instance. Six species of arbor,six species of shrub,six species of herb and two species of liana were chosen,and four vegetation restoration techniques were used to restore the slope ecology, i. e. the external-soil spray seeding, the thick layer base material spraying，the cotton net plant biological bag, and the plain stage of slope. In this paper,some questions need to be noticed,which are regarding vegetation restoration design of highway slope in semiarid mountain,were also discussed.
2010 Vol. 8 (S1): 11-14 [
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1775
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15
LAN Hu-Lin-；Bang-Guo-Chao-；Li-Jia-Xiang-；Luo-Qiang-Hua-；Gu-Ban
Analysis and discussion on several cases of ecological restoration engineering of rock slope in Shenzhen
With the development of national infrastructure, a large scale of artificial wound has been made by roads building and resources exploitation. Under the natural environmental conditions of Shenzhen,bare rock(especially hard rock)surface is difficult to recover relying on nature forces.Manual intervention has been an effective technical approach to recover the ecology of rock slope.This article focuses on the ecological protection technique, describing a number of project cases on the artificial ecological restoration of rock slope. Combined with the characteristics of the slope,slope protection engineering methods and techniques,the local slope species and artificial soil have been expounded. What is more, some key technical issues, like slope characteristics and slope protection techniques, substrate design and the ratio vegetation have been attached great importance to.These conclusions have much promotion on the deepening of work of slope ecological restoration in Shenzhen,the innovation of slope ecological restoration engineering technology and the improvement of the engineering design level.
2010 Vol. 8 (S1): 15-19 [
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1918
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20
HONG Wei-Gang-；Zhong-Chao-Ai-；Xie-Bai-Ling-；Zuo-Xue-Feng
Design of ecological slope restoration along Shaogan Highway
The section of Shaogan Highway in Guangdong is located in mountain area of northern Guang-dong.Along the highway there are abundant cutting slopes,and the slope conditions are terrible, so that it is hard to take ecological restoration. According to features of the highway, following the design ideas of slope restoration, and considering the different conditions of cutting slope, some technical measures of the slope restoration in mountain area are suggested in this paper.
2010 Vol. 8 (S1): 20-23 [
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1639
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1373
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24
ZHANG Yue-Ting-；Chen-Wen-Kun-；Cheng-Xiao-Qin
Test of ecological restoration at spoil slope of Pingcheng Road in Pinggu County
The test of ecological restoration with the emphasis on biological measure was done to improve the current situation of serious soil and water loss at typical spoil slope of Pingcheng Road in Pinggu County.The results show that some steps can effectively promote the restoration of vegetation and improve ecological landscape environment of road, including protection and utilization of the existing Platycladas orientalis，moderate leveling of slope combined with the current level of formation， setting the wire stone cage and ecological vegetation bags, and covering soil on spoil slope. There are obvious effects in one year after implementation. The vegetation coverage of slope has increased to 75%.Spoil slope surface had been achieved the security and stability, and soil and water loss has been effectively controlled. It would be taken as references for a similar slope ecological restoration.
2010 Vol. 8 (S1): 24-27 [
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1702
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1303
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28
WANG Yang-Yu-；Song-Gui-Long-；Jiao-Ling-Xin-；Meng-Jiang-；Han-Lie-Bao
Comparative study on plant disposition pattern in the early stage of vegetation restoration of rock slope of highway
Based on vegetation restoration engineering along Beijing-Chengde Highway(third period),two patterns of plant disposition in early stage of vegetation restoration were discussed，they are grass-legume pattern and shrub-grass pattern. The results showed that vegetation coverage of the plant community formed in early stage of vegetation restoration with shrub-grass pattern increased gradually,and muhi-storey structure appeared distinctly. However, vegetation coverage with grass-legume pattern in early stage increased rapidly, and reached the peak value in three months after seeding, and then fall down. In grass-legume community, the height of grass of gramineae increased more rapidly than that of legume,and reached also the peak value in three months after seeding.The grass had inhibiting effect on legume. In shrub-grass community, different species of plants grew steadily in earlier two month.Subsequently, the height of
Dendranthema indicum
grew more rapidly than other plants in community and consequently inhibited the growth of these plants.The order of average heights of plants in shrub-grass community is
Dendranthema indicum
>
Amorpha fruticosa
L.>
Astragalus adsurgens
Pall >
Medicago sativa
L >
Festuca anmundinacea
>
Lespedeza bicolor
Turcz.In July and August, which is two months after seedling emergence, wild plants showed competitive advantage in shrub-grass community. Species of wild plant in shrub-grass community is more than that in grass-legume community. The invasion of wild plants is helpful for the vegetation restoration in the early stage. The effect of two patterns of plant disposition showed distinct difference in early stage of vegetation restoration.
2010 Vol. 8 (S1): 28-31 [
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32
WANG Yong-；Chao-Jian-Jiang-；Li-Ding-You-；Ai-Qi-Fang
Application of shrub ecological protection technique in desertification areas
Shrub ecological protection technique in stony desertification areas is a comprehensive ecological protection technique which endeavors in resolve the problem of ecological protection of stony slope in desertification areas. This technique has some features such as protecting the slopes conspicuously, recovering ecological environment effectively and so on. This paper introduced the function of ecological protection and the application of the shrub ecological protection technique in stony desertification areas, with a view to providing lessons and references for future's ecological construction.
2010 Vol. 8 (S1): 32-36 [
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1426
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37
SHAO Qi-；Gu-Wei-；Ji-Teng-Cheng, FU Jian-Zhi
Experimental research on the composition and proportion of artificial plant growth substrate on side slopes
Plant growth substrate with good properties is the foundation of ecological restoration for rock side slopes.The decisive factors of substrate are its composition and proportion, while soil and compost are the main components. In this experiment,different types of substrates were made according to the proportions of these two components, and then their physical properties, nutrient content and their effects on the growth of
Festuca arundinacea
were monitored.The results showed that the increase of the compost content could improve the physical properties of substrate, including water holding capacity and air-filled porosity. When the compost proportion was 10%-40%,there was good three-phase distribution and soil compaction. Following the increase in the compost proportion,the nutrient content increased as well.However,the nutrient consumption by
Festuca arundinacea
was not distinct during the two months.When the compost proportion was 20%，the growth of
Festuca arundinacea
was best.The composite result of the experiment was that the substrate consisted of 70%-90% soil and 10% - 30% compost was most suitable to the ecological restoration of rock side slopes.
2010 Vol. 8 (S1): 37-42 [
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1377
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1374
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43
MENG Jiang-；Run-E-Li-；Dai-Quan-Yu-；Ca-Heng
Application and suggestion of spraying technique of thick layer substrate to recovery vegetation on highway slope in semiarid areas
In the demonstration project of rock slope re-vegetation in the third construction period of Jingcheng Highway，the slope re-vegetation technique by spraying thick layer substrate was applied in arid and semi-arid areas of China. The research indicates that the technique can basically solve the problem of slope re-vegetation in arid and semi-arid areas，whereas disposition of the substrate for vegetation growing，thickness of sprayed substrate，the way of spraying substrate，selection of vegetation species and regulation of species proportion still need to be improved．Results of this research can afford us technical references for the slope re-vegetation under the similar conditions in arid and semi-arid areas of north China.
2010 Vol. 8 (S1): 43-47 [
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1802
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1311
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48
CHEN Shu-Yue-；Gu-Wei-；Gu-Ci-Yang
Application of greening cage brick in ecologic restoration of roads slope in Mentougou
Greening cage brick was used for the first time to restore the rock slope due to roads construction in the northern region．The result shows that：Cage brick technology is suitable for climate conditions of north China. Vegetation has survived in winter and grown very well，and been developing toward natural plant communities while there are native species invasive growth gradually.However，there are a number of key technologies needed to be solved yet，such as water retention of brick cage，brick cage harden and the base material ratio，so that the cage brick technology more suited to the climate in north China.
2010 Vol. 8 (S1): 48-50 [
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1967
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51
WANG Ling-；Liu-Chang-Gong
Application of ecological protection techniques on cutting slope along Shaoshan highway in Hunan，with the help of the coconut tree fibrous reticulum
To protect the ecology，coir net were used on the cutting slope along Shaoshan highway in Hunan．Based on this experience，the. principle，construction technology and key technical requirement of the protection technique were summarized．In addition，a new pattern of ecological protection with low cost，high efficiency and good effect was expected to be found out，the pattern should be suitable for the practical conditions in Hunan．
2010 Vol. 8 (S1): 51-54 [
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1521
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1245
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55
XIANG Yuan-He
Study of control measure on spoil dump slope of strip mine：Taking Heidai ditch strip mine for example
Through the study on experiments of Control measure of spoil dump slope，effective control measure of spoil dump slope were determined．These measures include constructing the water retaining ridge at spoil dump slope，preventing platform runoff into slope，stacking stones at slope side to intercept slope sediment；soil dump slope with the measure of runoff dispersion to reduce water erosion and water loss．Based on the analysis of effect of implementation of control measures，the patterns of vegetation arrangement on spoil dump slope are mainly as follow：
Hippophae rhamnoides
Linn．slope protection pattern，
Armeniaca sibirica
Lam＋
Hippophae rhamnoides
Linn一
Caragana microphylla
Lam slope protection pattern，
Amorpha fruticosa
L.＋
Caragana microphylla
Lam一
Medicago sativa
L. slope protection pattern．
2010 Vol. 8 (S1): 55-58 [
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1893
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1376
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59
CHEN Jin-；Wei-Tian-Xin-；Jing-Li-Bei
Impact of road construction on ecological landscape in mountain area and restoration measures
The roads development and operation would have great impact on the surrounding ecological landscape．According to the state of ecological environment along road，the designs of road ecological restoration are classified as design of the vegetation restoration of road slope and design of the landscape of road environment. A survey of ecological state along the main roads in Mentougou Distirict of Beijing was carried out. Combined with the specific circumstances of the survey areas，purpose of ecological landscape design and principle of road landscape design were set，the methods of ecological protection were explored as well．Additionally，in order to provide a reference for the improvement of the road ecological environment，a typical ecological restoration of landscape in a section of National Highway 109 in Mentougou District was introduced．
2010 Vol. 8 (S1): 59-63 [
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1748
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1356
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64
LI Jiang-Feng-；Wei-Dong-；Li-Lin-Yang-；Cheng-Xiao-Qin
An investigation on the road landscape：Taking roads in Yanqing County，Beijing as example
Based on the investigation of the ecological environment along roads connecting main scenic areas，scenic spots and villages for the folk custom tour，the road landscape was classified and analyzed．The paper put forward some guides for building the road environment in future in Yanqing County．It could be taken as necessary references in other similar regions for environmental governance．
2010 Vol. 8 (S1): 64-68 [
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1699
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69
MA Jian-Rong-；Chen-Yi-；Meng-Jiang-；Wang-Dan
Techinques and methods of landscape designs along roads in desert regions of Xinjiang：A case study for a rebuilding engineering project of No．315 national highway from Yecheng to Moyu
Based on the analysis of landscapes and present planting conditions along roads in desert regions of Xinjiang，the necessity，principle and demands of the landscape designs along the roads in desert regions were pointed out. Meanwhile various design ideas of the landscape were discussed．Some ideas to optimize the landscape were emphasized，such as“without destruction is the greatest protection”“resource saving”．These ideas provided important evidences for the landscape design and ecological protection in desert regions．
2010 Vol. 8 (S1): 69-72 [
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1716
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1389
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73
DIAO Fang-Ying-；Wei-Dong-；Li-Lin-Yang
Assessment and planning of ecological greening of highway in Yanqing County
With the improvement of living standard，travel to suburb by driving a car became one of the entertainments of Beijing citizen．Therefore，the ecological greening of highway become an important part of ecological environment construction in Yanqing County which is ecological conservation and development area of capital.The highway system is the link of the whole city，based on the analysis of status of highway ecological greening in Yanqing County，planning and construction of ecological greening of highway in Yanqing County were put forward，with the purpose of increasing the value of ecological services and landscape，which was to bring ecological tourism corridor of highway．
2010 Vol. 8 (S1): 73-76 [
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1802
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77
JIA Han-；Tian-Jia-；Feng-Lei-；Cui-Jiang-；Diao-Ting-Ning-；Gao-Jia-Rong-；Wang-Zhi-Meng-；Gao-Dun-；Tun-Wan
Analysis of wind characteristic in spring near the highway in North China
In order to offer essential basis for choice and overall arrangement of the vegetation of highway，the section of Langzhuo highway from Guan to Langfang in Hebei was chosen as study site．Since the data of wind speed and wind direction in a year were available at weather station，with the help of software such as Surfer and GIS，dynamic changes of wind speed，spatial heterogeneity and other issues involving spatial and temporal variation of wind speed were analyzed．In addition，in this region the effect of changes in wind speed on vegetation construction and surface wind erosion was explored．The results showed that monthly average wind speed changed dramatically，and March一April had the maximum and August一October had the minimum．Diurnal variation of the average wind speed appeared also a clear tendency that the maximum reached at 10：OOto12：00 and the minimum reached at 21：00 to 24：00 ．Wind speed of east，north and northeast winds are large on average．These directions were dominant wind direction，of which the speed of north wind was the largest，the followed by northeast wind Curves of monthly wind speed frequency was consistent．In March and April there were strong winds，and range of variation of wind speed was also relatively large．Therefore，in the vegetation construction of the highway，green belts mainly formed by windbreak forest belt should be built in the north and east of the road，especially green belts in the north of road was the most important，which played a great role in preventing road erosion．Additionally，good control of wind erosion in March and April when strong wind occurred frequently was significant for sand-fixing.
2010 Vol. 8 (S1): 77-80 [
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1752
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1148
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81
DIAO Wei-；Li-Yi-Wei-；Lv-Hua-Xing
Discussion on highway runoff pollution treated with artificial wetland
For the main pollutants in road runoff and their sources，a view was put forward to solve the water pollution of highway by using artificial wetlands．In this paper the mechanism of degradation of pol-lutants in highway runoff is introduced in detail. In addition，based on domestic examples the effect of ar-tificial wetland processing surface runoff pollution was illustrated．It was also pointed out that the artificial wetland is worthful to be applied and extended，since artificial wetlands can not only beautify the environ-ment but also realize the harmonious coexistence of human being and nature．
2010 Vol. 8 (S1): 81-84 [
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1594
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2911KB] (
1359
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85
ZHOU Lian-Kuang
Controlling measures against soil and water loss in the construction of mountain highway in Beijing
On the basis of analysis to the characteristics of water and soil loss and mountain highway construction in the construction of mountain highway in Beijing，Considering the possible elements resulting in the severe soil and water loss，this paper proposed some controlling measures against water and soil loss in the mountain highway construction The objective of this paper was to provide references for construction of mountain highway and give examples to achieve harmonious development of both construction of mountain highway and soil and water conservation．
2010 Vol. 8 (S1): 85-87 [
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1711
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1265
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88
GUO Xiao-Beng-；Bang-Hai-Yan-；Hu-Yu-Cun-；Chen-Zhi-Jiang-；Chen-Jing-Xian
Concept of road eco-greening towards ecological civilization
Based on arrangements of ecological awareness，ecological practices and ecological civilization of human，in this paper the ecological theory，technology and engineering practice of road construction at home and abroad were reviewed，moreover，the academic point of view on ecological road was analyzed，the concept and characteristics of road eco-greening was put forward．
2010 Vol. 8 (S1): 88-92 [
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1502
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3581KB] (
1158
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93
HAO Yi-Feng
Building highway greening network and improving regional ecological environment：A case of green ecological net technology along highway in Shanxi
Based on advanced highway network in Shanxi Province，through scientific greening design and ecological construction along the roads，ecological green network is formed by highway net，giving full play to absorbing tail gas and carbon dioxide，reducing noise beatifying landscape，sand fixation and climate regulation. Regional ecological environment can be improved fundamentally by it．
2010 Vol. 8 (S1): 93-96 [
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1563
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1253
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97
LI Jia-Xiang-；Bang-Guo-Chao-；Luo-Qiang-Hua-；Gu-Ban-；Han-Yan
Landscape construction of stone slope
During the urbanization process，the devastating impact of stone slope to the urban landscape became even more severe．With the development of the concept of the harmony between man and nature，slope control that was simply considered as a measure of ecological restoration has been upgraded as a measure of the landscape construction. As a prospective thought to improve urban environment and promote conservation culture，the construction of slope landscape has not been emphasized enough．To lay a function of making decisions to develop and improve the plan of the slope landscape construction，in this paper impact factors of the landscape of stone slope were discussed，the selection and configuration of plants was illustrated as well. Taking slope greening techniques with ecology cage-brick complex and grouting technique as representative，the prospect of the application of these techniques in China was explained in detail，we forecasted that the studies on the composition of the landscape of stone slope，comprehensive evaluation of the impact of slope construction projects on the landscape，application of wild rock plants will be the focus of future research in this field，and pointed out that in future research the techniques of landscape construction，ecological restoration， landscape design and so on should be distinguished so that landscape construction of rock slope could be improved significantly.
2010 Vol. 8 (S1): 97-101 [
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1410
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1338
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102
FENG Gong-；Zhang-Hua
Control measures of soil and water conservation along the inter-province highway from Abuhai to Tongliao
The measures of controling soil and water loss after the main construction of highway is completed．The main control measures include slope protection that adopts plants and engineering measures，afforestation and beautification with integrated trees，shrubs and grass along highway，well mounted drainage system along highway. At the sites of taking soil，some other measures were taken to restore vegetation，such as taking soil along the slope，slop cutting，planting grass on cutting slope and planting trees on the bottom．
2010 Vol. 8 (S1): 102-104 [
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1742
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1988KB] (
1341
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105
SONG Gui-Long-；Fei-Da-Wei-；Meng-Jiang
Analysis「and discussion of classification system of rock slope and its relativity with slope stability
Classification of slope is an important component of engineering and theory of slope protecting．Different classification system of slope is the basis of knowing slope in different.point of view．However，slope stability is most essential element. Based on the slope stability，classification system of slope is summarized according to different classifying criteria. These criteria include slope configuration，constitute matter，airslaking degree，slope height，slope gradient，relation between slope strike and strata，slope aspect，slope deformation，cause of formation，and so on. The characteristic and relativity with stability is reviewed and discussed in paper.
2010 Vol. 8 (S1): 105-111 [
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2028
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1517
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112
TIAN Chao-；Diao-Ting-Ning-；Yang-Jian-Yang
Research advances in the wasteland micro-site of construction engineering
The research and application of microsite have been preliminarily developed．Concerned studies in China and abroad focused on the interaction of various microsite factors，and discussed the importance of microsite factors．On the basis of the former studies，we discussed the theoretical system of microsite，and made a preliminary summary of the conception and classification of the microsite，which is of instructive significance in the classification of wasteland microsite of construction engineering，the choice of microsite factors and phytoremediation．
2010 Vol. 8 (S1): 112-116 [
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