Method of assisting soil and water conservation monitoring by using Ovitalmap
[Background] Surface disturbance caused by production and construction projects is the main source of soil and water loss caused by human activities. In China, 25,000 to 30,000 soil and water conservation projects are approved every year. The competent departments of the industry mainly obtain the relevant information of the projects through paper reports, and the supervision tasks are large and the monitoring data acquisition lags. The purpose of this study is to use new technical means to assist the monitoring of soil and water conservation, improve the efficiency of supervision and management of soil and water loss in projects and the accuracy of monitoring data, and reduce the soil and water loss caused by man-made construction activities.[Methods] In this study, Ovital map, CAD, ArcGIS software and mobile terminals loaded with Ovitalmap were used to carry out soil and water conservation monitoring for production and construction projects. The technical path was divided into four aspects, which are the project area soil erosion background investigation, soil and water conservation monitoring during the construction period, daily monitoring data management, water and soil erosion hazards emergency response.[Results] Compared with no Ovital map, this method:1) improved the accuracy of soil and water loss background survey data in the project area, and the data could be shared with other members in real time to carry out related work simultaneously; 2) it can quickly anticipate the area prone to soil and water loss in the construction process, so as to facilitate monitoring and improve work efficiency and monitoring results accuracy; 3) Ovitalmap, as data reported to management platform, facilitates the competent departments to carry out daily supervision and management; 4) Using maps to verify remote sensing results can improve the disposal efficiency of soil erosion hazards.[Conclusions] The use of Ovitalmap to assist soil and water conservation monitoring is beneficial to quickly and accurately obtain soil and water conservation monitoring data of production and construction projects, to improve work efficiency and data accuracy, and gradually realize the "one map" management of various topics with the help of this method, to provide diversified supervision and verification methods for the supervision of industry authorities, and provide an open participation platform for the masses to participate in and supervise the soil erosion of projects. Finally, it can improve the efficiency of supervision and management of soil and water loss in production and construction projects and reduce soil and water loss. Some functions of Ovitalmap require users to pay fees, and the map has weak statistical summary and overlay analysis of geographical factor attribute data, so it is recommended to optimize.
ZHANG Yubo, ZOU Guofu, YANG Jiqing, SUN Xining, LI Xinyi, WEI Qingxi, LEI Ping, LI Bolin
Experimental study on the preparation of ecological restoration base material and planting performance on alpine rocky slope
[Background] The excavation of mineral resources has formed a large number of rock slopes,the rock surface is exposed and severely weathered,with serious soil erosion and inducing a series of ecological and environmental disasters such as geological disasters in mines.Good ecological substrate can well suppress soil erosion and restore the ecological environment.[Methods] In order to prepare an ecological substrate with good plant growth performance, strong soil and water conservation ability and suitable for ecological restoration of rocky steep slopes in alpine regions, the ecological slope protection base materials with different proportions were used by field base experiment, trolley slope simulation test and multi factor orthogonal test. In order to better conform to the on-site construction process, the substrate layer was divided into structural layer and surface layer to carry out plant performance research respectively. Through comprehensive seed germination rate and plant growth, the plantation performance of the substrate was evaluated.[Results] The extremely poor analysis found that when the pottery grains and walnut shell particles in the substrate structure layer were 7.50 g each, the grain husks and straw nodes of 2.50 g and 1.25 g respectively, the EPS of 0.10 g, the soil conditioner PAM of 1.50 g, and the water retention agent took 0.50 g, the plantation performance of the substrate structural layer was the best. The primary and secondary relationship of the influenc on the growth of tall fescue in the structural layer substrate was:ceramsite, walnut shell>soil conditioner PAM>chaff, straw>EPS>water retaining agent. When the straw was 2.50 g, the chaff was 7.50 g, the EPS was 0.30 g, the soil conditioner PAM was 0.40 g, and the water retaing agent was 0.20 g, the planting performance of the substrate surface was the best. The primary and secondary relationship of the influence on the growth of tall fescue in the surface layer substrate was:straw >water retaining agent>chaff>soil conditioner PAM>EPS.[Conclusions] Through the experimental study of the planting performance of ecological slope protection substrates, it provides an ecological slope protection substrate with simple preparation process,excellent plant growth performance andstrong soil and water conservation ability for the ecological restoration and water and soil conservation of rock steep slopes in alpine and altitude mines, and provides technical support for the ecological environment restoration of rock slopes in Northwest Yunnan.
Innovation and leading in soil and water conservation for Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta in the New Era
[Background] The State Office of the State Council of the People's Republic of China has issued the"Opinions on Strengthening Soil and Water Conservation Work in the New Era". All provinces and industries are working out implementation plans. As China's leading regions in reform and development, the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta should stand at a higher position, have forward planning, and play a leading role.[Methods] Here author presented his visions based on own long-term working experiences and accurate understanding on this topic.[Results] 1) The goal of regional soil and water conservation should be changed from quantity to quality with comprehensive improvement of water and soil conservation function and ecological product in following ways. Focusing on river network, we should maintain and promote the good function of ecosystem, and innovate urban soil and water conservation. We should promote high-quality development of economy and high-level protection of ecological environment with a focus on strict control of man-made water and soil erosion. We should promote rural revitalization and common prosperity by focusing on improving quality and efficiency. We should focus on improving the ecological value of soil and water conservation and carbon sequestration to serve the construction of an ecological civilization in the new era. We should speed up the modernization of governance systems and capabilities with the focus on improving management capabilities and standards. 2) We should innovate systems and mechanisms, promote smart soil and water conservation, and build a modern social service and management system. It can be done by the following ways. We should create a more open and efficient world-class business environment, and efficiently serve society. We should innovate the self-restraint and trustworthy mechanism of construction institutions, reducing the illegal behavior and soil erosion from the source with the high-grade soil and water conservation credit level. We should innovate the smart application of big data, the Internet, cloud computing, artificial intelligence, blockchain and the Internet of Things in the management of soil and water conservation, so as to enhance work efficiency in an all-round way. We should innovate the mechanism for social civilization and progress, increase the cognition level of soil and water conservation and ecological protection in an all-round way, and build and share with the whole society.[Conclusions] The innovation and leading in soil and water conservation in Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta can be conducted in the new era.
Erosion environmental characteristics of surface erosion/underground leakage in the rocky desertification area, Southwest China
[Background] It has formed a unique surface and underground dual erosion environment system under long-term karstification in the karst area of Southwest China. The inlaid distribution of exposed bedrocks and soils in the rocky desertification area with the obvious bedrock exposed shapes the most complex system of erosion environment in the karst area, which presents its uniqueness in the composition and action characteristics of erosion environment. However, there is still a lack of systematic understanding in the erosion environment compared with other geographical areas, such as the Loess Plateau area, the Northeast Black Soil Area, etc.[Methods] Based on the previous research results in the soil erosion through field investigations, positioning tests and indoor analyses in the rocky desertification area of Guizhou province, China, this paper deeply analyzed and summarized the compositions of the dual erosion environment, the erosion objects, the erosion types, the erosion dynamic factors and action characteristics on surface erosion or underground leakage loss in the rocky desertification area.[Results] The erosion environment has typical characteristics of vulnerability, complexity and variability in the area. In terms of composition, the erosion environment can be divided into three aspects:erosion power, erosion object and erosion interface. The erosion power includes external forces such as water power (rainfall, rock surface flow and surface runoff), gravity and human factors, as well as internal forces such as karstification and rocky desertification. The erosion objects include soil, humus, rock and rock weathering. The erosion interface includes surface and underground, soil-rock interface, water-soil interface, water-rock interface, rock/soil gas interface and rock/soil biogenic interface, etc. In this unique erosion environment background, the soil erosion in this area presents a dual erosion mechanism of surface erosion and underground leakage. The surface erosion mostly occurs in the form of water erosion, while the underground leakage superimposes the coupling effect of water erosion, gravity erosion and chemical dissolution. Finally, the key points and suggestions for soil erosion research are discussed in the karst rocky desertification area.[Conclusions] Future research on the soil erosion in the karst rocky desertification areas needs to focus on the action mechanism of erosion dynamic system and erosion interface system on soil surface erosion and underground leakage, and further clarify the occurrence process, mechanism and influencing factors of various types and forms of soil erosion, especially the formation causes, distribution areas and sensitive influencing factors of gravity erosion such as karst collapse, which is easy to cause disasters, and then establish the theoretical system of surface erosion or underground leakage resistance control. This study is helpful to deepen the understanding of erosion environment, and provide theoretical reference for the study of surface erosion/underground leakage in the rocky desertification area.
