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2007 Vol.5 No.3
Published 2007-06-30
Articles
1
WANG Jing-Gui-；Yang-De-Sheng-；Tu-Shun-Chao-；Yu-Feng-Hua-；Yang-Jian-Xin
Analysis on Karst rocky desertification in upper reaches of Pearl River based on remote sensing
The status of Karst rocky desertification in upper reaches of Pearl River was analyzed based on Landsat7 ETM+ satellite images of 2002 in this paper,and accuracy of remote sensing classification of rocky desertification intensity was above 87%.Analyses of remote sensing classification of rocky desertification show that the status of Karst rocky desertification intensity in upper reaches of Pearl River is very serious,and the land area of rocky desertification is about 39 900 km
2
,accounts for 16.4% of total land area,and the number of counties whose rocky desertification ratio bigger than 15% is 52,which accounts for nearly 50% of all counties in the upper reaches.Among three provinces in upper reaches of Pearl River,the intensity status of Karst rocky desertification of Guizhou province is highest,whose rocky desertification ratio is about 21.9% and the number of rocky desertification counties in Guizhou is 23,while the intensity status of Guangxi and Yunnan are lighter than that of Guizhou,whose rocky desertification ratio are 14.7% and 14.4% respectively,and the numbers of rocky desertification counties are 21 and 8 respectively.Among the 19 cities,there are 12 cities whose land area of rocky desertification is bigger than 1 000 km
2
,and they are located mainly along three belts-one from Qiannan in Guizhou to Hechi in Guangxi,another from Qianxinan in Guizhou to Qujing in Yunnan,the last from Wenshan in Yunnan to Baise in Guangxi.
2007 Vol. 5 (3): 1-6 [
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7
YANG Ai-Min-；Duan-Chu-Fu-；Liu-Da-Gen-；Bo-Yu-Juan
Effects of soil and water conservation on water environment
Nonpoint source pollution has become main pollution source of many water source areas of lakes and reservoirs in China,caused serious jeopardy to the people's life and health and economic and social sustainable development.Soil and water conservation measures are an important means to control nonpoint source pollution,protect water source quality and ensure drinking water security.The concept of water environment effects of soil and water conservation was put forward by the paper and the types of nonpoint source pollution were divided into agriculture,erosional,rural life,urban runoff,precipitation and dustfalling.The mechanism of effects of soil and water conservation on water environment was systematically found out and the water environment effects of comprehensive small watershed management were quantitatively analyzed.
2007 Vol. 5 (3): 7-13 [
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1524
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14
JI Jin-Nan-；Zhang-Zhi-Jiang-；FourcaudThierry；Lao-Er-Beng
Finite element analysis of herringbone-like root anchorage in representative soil types
A better understanding of root-soil mechanical interaction is necessary for investigating the capability of structural roots to provide an efficient anchorage of root or to participate to soil fixation against landslides and soil erosion.This paper aims in analysing the contribution of different root elements and soil types to root anchorage.For this purpose,a 2D finite element model of root anchorage has been built up and applied to twelve different herringbone-like root patterns.These root patterns have been defined varying the angle between lateral root and main root,and removing different root parts.Bending tests has been performed in both clay and sandy soil.Numerical results showed that shallow lateral roots play a significant role in root anchorage,contributing nearly 35%-40% to the root-soil strength in the whole simulations.Moreover,it was shown that root architecture and soil type can significantly modify the hinge of root plate rotation axis.
2007 Vol. 5 (3): 14-18 [
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1540
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19
BAI Dong-Meng-；Li-Wei-Gong-；Hao-Xin-Meng-；Yang-Xiao-Meng
Analysis on the characteristics of runoff time series in Hutubi River Basin
Several runoff statistical parameters,namely concentration ratio,concentration period,variation coefficient,kurtosis,wet-dry transformation ratio etc were analyzed in the paper based on the fifty years' annual runoff data in Shimen gauge station of Hutubi River.The result showed that the characteristics of annual runoff in Hutubi River had close relations with runoff-supplying sources.The allocation of discharge is extremely uneven,and has a quite high concentration within one year and the concentration ratio is 66.47%.On the other hand,for many years,variation coefficient of annual discharge has lower value(0.15) and the tendency of annual discharge change is relatively steady.The further analysis based on the Mann-Kendall method showed that the runoff was increased in the last fifty years.The result of R/S analysis(Rescaled Range Analysis) indicated that the runoff changing tendency had strong persistence trend,especially the yearly Hurst index reach to 0.8.That means the runoff will increase in the next period.
2007 Vol. 5 (3): 19-23 [
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1483
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24
WANG Yao-Ai-；Fan-Jun-；Shao-Meng-An
Adaptability of climate generator of LARS-WG on the Loess Plateau
Weather data generation is often used as input to computer programs such as hydrological and crop simulation models.Weather generators are also used to interpolate observed data to produce synthetic weather data at new sites,and they are employed in the construction of climate change scenarios.LARS-WG is one stochastic weather generator to produce the daily future weather scenarios for hydrological model and crop simulation models.It was well tested in many locations across the United Kingdom.This study was conducted to calibrate LARS-WG with 50 year daily precipitation,temperature,and solar radiation during data of six meteorological sites on the Loess Plateau of China.Meantime,we stimulated future climate conditions on the Loess Plateau.The results showed that annual and monthly distribution of daily maximum and minimum temperature and solar radiation can be simulated accurately.However,annual precipitation and its monthly distribution was little greater than observed value.
2007 Vol. 5 (3): 24-27 [
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28
CHAO Lu-Meng-；Wang-Jin-Xin-；Hou-Lin-；Zhang-Jin-Song
Distribution of soil water and distance of edge influence at different vegetation compound boundary
Based on the field measurement of soil water by Neutron probe and oven dry method,the dynamics distribution of soil water in horizontal and vertical directions at edge belts were analyzed for two typical vegetation compound boundary:crop plant-fruit tree boundary(Triticum aestivum Linn.-Malus pumila Mill.) and coniferous forest-broadleaf forest boundary(Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.-Robinia pseudoacacia Linn.),and the distance of edge influence were also studied by using moving split-window techniques.The results showed that the soil water content of Triticum aestivum Linn.is higher than Malus pumila Mill.'s,and the soil water content of Robinia pseudoacacia Linn.is higher than Pinus tabulaeformis's.The distance of edge influence of compound boundary to soil water content was mainly affected by root distribution of plant at edge belts,which was variety with the depth in the soil layer.The distance of edge influence to soil water content at soil depth of 0-60 cm,80-120 cm and 140-200 cm were 8 m & 6 m,8 m & 2 m and 4 m & 4 m for Triticum aestivum Linn.-Malus pumila Mill.compound boundary,respectively,and that of 0-80 cm,100-160 cm were 6 m & 8 m,4 m & 6 m for Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.-Robinia pseudoacacia Linn.compound boundary,respectively.
2007 Vol. 5 (3): 28-32 [
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1407
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33
ZHANG Xiang-Qing-；Tian-Zhi-Hong-；Xiong-Chao
Study on the technology of joint application of controlled release fertilizer and super absorbent polymer in current sand-fixation technology system
o overcome the "bottleneck" problem concerning water and nutrition in current sand-fixation technology system,experiments were carried out for two years in desert-simulating sand to study the influence of adding controlled release fertilizer(CRF) and super absorbent polymer(SAP) to cultivation system on the growth and development of liquorice(<i>Glycyrrhiza uralensis</i>).Results showed that different CRF had different effect on water absorbent rate of SAP and various CRF released nutritional elements in simulated sand much more slowly than urea.Adding an amount of fertilizer to the technology system could prompt the growth and development of liquorice in shoot height,taproot length,lateral root number,development of leaf,biomass(dry weight) and nutritional elements(NPK) absorption.The present study confirmed that the technology of adding SAP and CRF was applicable and it also found out a novel means to solve the problem of water and nutrition of sand-fixing plant.
2007 Vol. 5 (3): 33-38 [
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1355
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39
CHEN Li-Xin-；Song-Zhi-Tao-；Ji-Xuan
Study on compositions of soil humus and their combining forms of Pinus koraiensis plantations
Field investigation combined with quantitative analysis was used to study the carbon content of organic matter,compositions of soil humus and their combining forms in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil in
Pinus koraiensis
plantations(25,45,58,68 years old) and the
Pinus koraiensis
-Tilia amurensis mixed forest(60 years old).The results showed that the carbon content of soil organic matter and each composition of soil humus in both
Pinus koraiensis
plantations and the
Pinus koraiensis-Tilia amurensis
mixed forest decreased with the increase of soil depth,and these in rhizophere soil were higher than those in non-rhizosphere soil.For compositions of soil humus,the carbon content of humic acid was higher than that of fulvic acid in all forest types except for the rhizophere soil in 58-year old plantation and the non-rhizophere soil in 45-year old plantation.The humic acid to fulvic acid ratio(HA/FA) ranged from 1.00 to 2.45.The carbon content of heavy fraction humus,loosely combined humus and stable combined humus was ordered as this 58-year old's>68-year old's >25-year old's>45-year old's.Carbon contents of other fractions of soil humus in the
Pinus koraiensis-Tilia mixed
forest were higher than that of
Pinus koraiensis
plantations except tightly combined humus.
2007 Vol. 5 (3): 39-44 [
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1368
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45
FAN Jin-Feng-；Man-Xiu-Ling
Effect of disturbances on soil fertility of northeast mountain swamp
Using species diversity indices,including Shannon-Wiener index(H′),Simpson diversity index(D1),the probability of two successive randomly chosen individuals belonging to different species(P),Pielou's evenness index (Jsw),Margalef species richness(D2),the characteristics of species diversity in difference communities was studied by selecting sample sites in hilly areas of Xiaolangdi reservoir.The relationship between species diversity and habitat was analysed using statistical methods.The results showed that: 1)The species diversity and richness had significant correlation with community types.The diversity indices had complex relationship with succession period.2) Some species diversity indices,such as H′,P,Jsw and D1,were always associated with relatively high soil moisture.and others diversity indices H′ and D1 have positively correlation with soil organic matter,available N,available P,However,thickness of soil had a significantly positive correlation with H′,D1 and P.3) The biomass of shrubs and trees had a significantly correlated with H′.There are no relation between D1 and biomass of herbs.4) The vegetation restoration period was positively correlated with species diversity indices Jsw and H′,but not P,D1 and D2.The species numbers increased by six averagely during 10 years of vegetation restoration.5) H′ had significantly positive correlation with coverage and height of shrubs.Therefore,the diversity indices in some communities decreased with increasing of coverage and height of community. 6)There was a clear negative correlation between species richness indices and height and coverage of herbs,and no significant correlation with H′.
2007 Vol. 5 (3): 45-51 [
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52
LI Yan-；Duan-Wen-Biao-；Chen-Li-Xin
The microenvironmental heterogeneity of soil physical properties in a broad-leaved Pinus korariensis forest gap
Based on broad-leaved
Pinus koraiensis
forest gap in Xiao Xing'an Mountains,microenvironmental heterogeneity of soil physical properties in 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil layers in the gap were analyzed by geographical statistics' method.The results showed: Soil moisture,saturation moisture capacity,capillary moisture capacity and porosity in top layer were more than that in lower layer,but bulk density was opposite;soil physical properties in top soil layer had greater ranges and coefficients of variation.The total and autocorrelation spatial heterogeneity of soil physical properties in top layer were greater than that in lower layer.The soil moisture had a stronger anisotropic structure n E 0° and N 90° direction,but the porosity showed isotropic in the same direction;with spatial distance increasing,another 3 physical factors showed anisotropic structures.The effect of autocorrelation spatial heterogeneity of soil physical properties in top layer was not significant.The more patches at middling and lower ranks distributed in forest gap,but little patch at higher rank distributed in 0-20 cm soil layer,and it was located in the north of forest gap.
2007 Vol. 5 (3): 52-58 [
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59
DU Li-Juan-；Wang-Xiu-Ru-；Cheng-Jin-Hua-；Sun-Wen-Han-；Tun-Sai-Nan
Study on agricultural land classification in Miyun County
Based on the analyzing natural,social and economical condition of Miyun County, the procedure and methods by using factor method to classify the agricultural land were discussed.The results of classification of agricultural land in Miyun County were analyzed and checked.Results indicated that: 1) The results of classification by used factor method are in according with the fact;2) The classification grade of agricultural land in Miyun County is low in whole.The total grades are from 3rd to 16th.The main grades are from 4th to 7th which are account for 80.93 percents.3) The agricultural land classification grades show different in region,which are higher in upstream,downstream and closed area of Miyun reservoir and lower in other area.4) The agricultural land classification grades show different in index zone,which are higher in Beijing plain index zone and lower in north mountain index zone.In the end,it was put forward that identify index zone according to administrate boundary in large scale is not so suitable in agricultural land classification in county scale.To use the factual topographical boundary of classification unit to identify the index zone was suggested.
2007 Vol. 5 (3): 59-63 [
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1311
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1171
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64
DIAO Yong-；Fan-Wei-；Xie-Yong-Zhong-；Yan-Liang-；Diao-Dong
Analysis of species diversity of difference plant communities in hilly region of Taihang mountain
Using species diversity indices,including Shannon-Wiener index(
H
′
),Simpson diversity index(
D
1
),the probability of two successive randomly chosen individuals belonging to different species(
P
),Pielou's evenness index (
J
sw
),Margalef species richness(
D
2
),the characteristics of species diversity in difference communities was studied by selecting sample sites in hilly areas of Xiaolangdi reservoir.The relationship between species diversity and habitat was analysed using statistical methods.The results showed that: 1)The species diversity and richness had significant correlation with community types.The diversity indices had complex relationship with succession period.2) Some species diversity indices,such as
H
′
,P,
J
sw
and
D
1
,were always associated with relatively high soil moisture.and others diversity indices
H
′
and
D
1
have positively correlation with soil organic matter,available N,available P,However,thickness of soil had a significantly positive correlation with
H
′
,
D
1
and P.3) The biomass of shrubs and trees had a significantly correlated with
H
′
.There are no relation between
D
1
and biomass of herbs.4) The vegetation restoration period was positively correlated with species diversity indices
J
sw
and
H
′
,but not
P
,
D
1
and
D
2
.The species numbers increased by six averagely during 10 years of vegetation restoration.5)
H
′
had significantly positive correlation with coverage and height of shrubs.Therefore,the diversity indices in some communities decreased with increasing of coverage and height of community. 6)There was a clear negative correlation between species richness indices and height and coverage of herbs,and no significant correlation with
H
′
.
2007 Vol. 5 (3): 64-71 [
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1547
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3816KB] (
1280
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72
FAN Yong-；Chen-Dong-Tian-；Wang-Hua-Tian
Impact of recreation on environment of Mountain Tai scenic area
Taking Mountain Tai scenic area as an object,the recreational impact on plant,soil,water and the tourist' acceptance rate to the environmental change were studied.The results showed that the order of impact on plant,soil and water are: South Heaven Gate>Fan Cliff>Heaven Candle Peak>Peach Garden.The study indicated that the tourist' acceptance rate to the environmental change in the four spots have significant differences,the order is: Peach Garden>Heaven Candle Peak>Fan Cliff>South Heaven Gate.Base on the analysis of variance,it was found that the degree of recreational impact among the four scenic spots are significant differences,and the tourist quantity has a positive relationship with nvironmental impact factors.The plant and soil are main impacted factors,and have significant relation between them.This assessment will be helpful to advance the sustainable development of Mountain Tai scenic area.
2007 Vol. 5 (3): 72-78 [
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1423
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1262
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79
GONG Gui-Quan-；Cheng-Ji-Min-；Mi-Xiang-Cheng-；Chen-Qing-Wen-；Fang-Teng
Habitat associations of wood species in the Gutianshan subtropical broad-leaved evergreen forest
Many studies of species coexistence explained by niche theory and the unified neutral theory of biodiversity have focused on tropical rain forest.However,there were only a few of similar studies on subtropical broad-leaved evergreen forest.In this paper,the relationship between microtopography(mean elevation,convexity,slope) and the distribution of 106 wood species with individuals>18 stems and DBH≥10 mm in the 24 hm
2
permanent plot in the subtropical broad-leaved evergreen forest at Gutianshan,Zhejiang Province were analyzed,and 84(79%) out of 106 species showed significant associations with microtopographical variation were analyzed by Chi-squared test(
P
<0.05).Using canonical correspondence analysis(CCA) and permutation test to analyze the species distributions constrained by habitat factors,most of species showed correlation with different habitat types.It was indicated that the species in Gutianshan plot had strong differentiation of microtopographic niche.Therefore,the community was niche structured and species coexistence in this case was concluded.
2007 Vol. 5 (3): 79-83 [
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1577
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1130
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84
WANG Xia-；Yang-Xiao-Hui-；Zhang-Jian-Jun-；He-Wei
The relationship between vegetation and environment in Western Ordos Plateau
Vegetation ecosystems in Western Ordos Plateau are endangered and measures should be taken to protect from further disturbance urgently.In this article,taking Wuhai for example,based on GIS(geographic information system),the vegetation distribution pattern was analysed using CCA(Canonical correspondence analysis),and landscape indexs was used to detect the relation between vegetation and environmental factors.The results show that the distribution of vegetation in Wuhai is closely related to the environment and the geomorphic type and soil have more influence than the elevation and slope which is large scale environmental factors on the distribution of vegetation in Wuhai.It is observed that integration of ordination with GIS is an alternative ways to get better understanding of environmental impacts on vegetation pattern,which will be helpful to make more effective protection strategy to these endangered vegetation ecosystem.
2007 Vol. 5 (3): 84-89 [
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1428
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3429KB] (
1459
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90
CHEN Pan-；Zhang-Ke-Bin-；Du-Lin-Feng-；Li-Rui-；Lu-Yin-Shan
Effects of land enclosure on vegetations recovery in grassland in Yanchi County,Ningxia
The vegetation features and biomass of sandy rangeland in semi-arid area of Yanchi County,Ningxia were studied by means of plot investigation methods since 1991.Three treatments were respectively old closed land,new closed land and contrast land of different periods.The results showed that community composition had varied regularly after enclosure and the plant diversity of the grassland community had increased as the enclosing time extended;The vegetation coverage,mean height and biomass in the three areas have no significant differences.The community in old enclosed land was dominated by perennials;In the view of palatability of plant composition,community of new enclosed has higher palatability than old enclosed,which proves partly that long-term enclosure can not increase grazing values for rangeland in semi-arid area.
2007 Vol. 5 (3): 90-93 [
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1608
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2106KB] (
1164
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94
HUANG Liang-；Li-Jing
Sustainability evaluation of soil and water conservation type agriculture:A case study on Zhifanggou in Ansai County,Shaanxi Province
Serious loss of soil and water and fragile environment in Loess Plateau are the main factors which hinder the development of local agriculture and rural economy.Based on the definition of sustainable agriculture by FAO,a sustainability evaluation model with multiple indexes for soil and water conservation type ecological agriculture was established.With the model,sustainability of conservation type agriculture in Zhifanggou of Ansai County of Shaanxi Province was evaluated and discussed in this paper.The assessment showed that indices of productivity,economical vitality,protection,stableness and acceptability reached to 69.5,56.8,62.5,86.8 and 52.8 respectively.Integrated sustainable index reached to 65.4,which was primary sustainable level.
2007 Vol. 5 (3): 94-99 [
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1468
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3197KB] (
1284
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100
GU Hong-Ji-；Dan-Min-；Dan-Chang-Jin
Study on water resources condition and integrated management of Ant River Watershed
Non-security of water resources is facing one of the most serious problems in 21 century.Based on Plan of Ant River Watershed Ecological Design and Monitoring, the spatial and temporal distribution of water resources in the basin,the contradiction between supply and demand,water pollution and flooding are recognized,and the non-harmony,the non-health and non-safety aspects are analyzed.Some problems,including the destruction to vegetation,soil erosion,overcapacity of water resource,point and non-point pollution are put forward.Some recommendations on integrated watershed management are presented.
2007 Vol. 5 (3): 100-104 [
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1376
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2771KB] (
1233
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105
AI Xiao-Yan-；Xu-An-Jun
Evaluation of soil and water conservation on design of Wuhuashan reservoir project
The evaluation on the design of the project is fundamental for the working out a program of soil and water conservation.The purpose of the evaluation is to further study the project site,the layout and construction design from the view of soil and water conservation,and to estimate the potential soil erosion and its negative impact on eco-environment.Based on features of Wuhuashan reservoir project,the following five aspects of evaluation were focused in this papers.1) the feasibility study of the recommended program and the layout rationality of the project.2) the rationality analysis on exploitation and temporary keeping sites selection for construction materials.3) the analysis on quantity of discarded materials.4) the verification of measures for meeting soil and water conservation targets by analysis of construction timing,and the potential soil erosion location,period and construction links.5) the assessment of individual parts designed in main project according to soil and water conservation norm.
2007 Vol. 5 (3): 105-108 [
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1468
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1115
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109
LIU Xin-；Jiang-De-Wen-；Bi-Hua-Xin
Primary study on market access system of soil and water conservation in China
Using of market access system will contribute to the standardization and development of the soil and water conversation market.In this article,the content of market access system of soil and water conversation and it's qualification of staff were discussed and some suggestions to build the system were presented.
2007 Vol. 5 (3): 109-113 [
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1212
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2773KB] (
1141
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114
WANG Bing-；Guo-Gao-；Wang-Yan-；Ma-Xiang-Jian-；Li-Shao-Ning-；Chen-Chao-；Chang-Wei-Meng
Review on the evaluation of forest ecosystem health
The evaluation of forest ecosystem health is one of hot research orientations at present and has become a standard in evaluation of forest situation and forest resource management at home and abroad.Based on vast literature,the current situation of evaluation of forest ecosystem health is analyzed from concept,the evaluation indices system,evaluation method,evaluation formula,evaluation criterion and result expressing.The problems of forest ecosystem health research and trend are pointed out.
2007 Vol. 5 (3): 114-121 [
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1694
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4258KB] (
1638
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122
HU Xu-Li-；Zhang-Yang-；Yang-Shu-Jiang
Advances on soil loss monitoring techniques for development and construction projects in China
In recent years,soil loss induced by development and construction projects is more and more serious,and it is very important to monitoring this situation.Soil loss monitoring on development and construction projects has been a vital part of soil and water conversation monitor work in China.In this paper,advances on monitoring techniques of development and construction projects soil losses were overviewed.The difficulties and key techniques to be overcome were proposed,and the future perspectives of monitoring techniques were discussed.
2007 Vol. 5 (3): 122-126 [
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1491
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