From 1952 to 1955, China relied on Soviet experts and Renmin University of China to study the experience of archival science higher education in the Soviet Union. It promoted reconstruction of Chinese archival science by cultivating archival course instructors, establishing curriculum teaching and researching organizations, compiling Soviet expert lectures, and Soviet teaching materials and works. In this process, the Soviet experts and the Chinese archival science instructors continued to promote the combination of Soviet experience and China’s reality, emphasizing the study of Chinese archival science such as the history of Chinese archival science and the work history of the administration, the combination of curriculum teaching with curriculum experiment and practice,the combination of theoretical research and the work of national archives. The establishment of higher education teaching system of archival science in New China has trained the first batch of senior archival professionals, providing systematic archival theory and methodological guidance for archival work, and has become an important starting point for the discipline construction of archival science higher education in New China.