黄土高塬沟壑区典型小流域不同雨型水沙关系特征

doi:10.16843/j.sswc.2022.06.001

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摘要探究不同降雨类型下流域产流产沙特征及水沙关系,以黄土高塬沟壑区杨家沟小流域作为研究区,采用K-means聚类算法和判别分析法对流域1981—2010年的184场次降雨事件进行分类,用幂函数方法探究不同降雨类型的水沙关系特征。杨家沟小流域年径流量和输沙量都呈现显著减少趋势(P<0.01),相较1981—1989年,二者在1990—2010年的均值分别减少50.32%和55.64%。场次降雨事件可划分为3种类型:A雨型(小雨量、中历时、中降雨强度)、B雨型(大雨量、长历时、小降雨强度)和C雨型(中雨量、短历时、大降雨强度),其中A雨型是流域产流产沙的主要降雨类型。幂函数能较好地拟合不同雨型的径流深和输沙模数关系,A雨型的拟合效果优于B雨型。降雨量减少和植被覆盖率增加是杨家沟流域径流量及输沙量减少的主要原因,降雨量、降雨强度、降雨历时对流域产流产沙能力有重要影响。

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	郭小雪
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	穆兴民
	高鹏
	卢小燕

关键词 ：降雨类型, 产流产沙, 水沙关系, 黄土高塬沟壑区, 杨家沟小流域

Abstract：[Background] The Loess Plateau, one of the most severe soil erosive areas in the world, is discharging large amounts of sediment to the Yellow River, resulting in serious sedimentation of the downstream channel. Assessing the relationships between rainfall, runoff, and sediment in the watershed may provide critical insights for understanding hydrological and soil erosion processes which are vital to sustainable management of watershed. This study attempts to analyze characteristics of runoff and sediment yield and their relationship with different rainfall patterns in the Yangjiagou watershed on the tableland-gully region of the Loess Plateau. [Methods] This study applied the K-means clustering method and discriminant analysis method, and the rainfall events were classified using the runoff and sediment load data of the 184 rainfall events in the Yangjiagou watershed during 1981-2010. The power function was used to analyze the relationship of runoff and sediment. [Results] Annual runoff and sediment load demonstrated significant decreasing trend (P<0.01). Average annual value of the runoff and sediment load decreased by 50.32% and 55.64% in 1990-2010 compared to those during 1981-1989, respectively. The rainfall events were divided into three patterns. Pattern A was characterized by low rainfall amount (13.30-29.20mm), medium duration (4.00-12.63h) and medium rainfall intensity (1.80-5.00mm/h). It included 149 rainfall events, accounting for 81% of the total rainfall events. Pattern B comprised of 32 rainfall events, accounting for 17%, which were characterized by high rainfall amount (48.73-75.05mm), long duration (24.38-38.31h) and low rainfall intensity (1.32-2.73mm/h). Only 3 rainfall events belonged to pattern C, accounting for 2% of the total, and was characterized by medium rainfall amount (15.45-60.85mm), short duration (0.57-4.40h) and heavy rain intensity (27.65-38.60mm/h). Pattern A was major rainfall pattern in the studied watershed, pattern B was similar to pattern A, and pattern C was extreme rainfall events. The proportions of the accumulated rainfall, runoff and sediment load among different rainfall patterns followed the order: pattern A>pattern B>pattern C. The runoff and sediment yield were mainly contributed by pattern A. The relationship of runoff and sediment transport modulus was well fitted by the power function with the best fit of pattern. [Conclusions] The results reveal the basic characteristics of runoff and sediment yield for different rainfall patterns. Different rainfall patterns cause strong impact on runoff and sediment yield, and there was the strongest runoff and sediment yield capacity in pattern C, followed by pattern A and B. Decreased rainfall and increased vegetation cover result in the reduction of runoff and sediment yield in the studied watershed. The rainfall amount, duration and intensity significantly affect runoff and sediment yield.

Key words： rainfall pattern runoff and sediment relationship between runoff and sediment tableland-gully region of Loess Plateau Yangjiagou watershed

收稿日期: 2021-08-30

PACS:

S152.1

基金资助:国家自然科学基金“黄土高塬沟壑区对比小流域植被恢复对水沙变化的驱动机制”(42177323);国家自然科学基金委黄河水科学研究联合基金“黄土高原水土保持措施潜力及其对河流水沙的调控机制”(U2243211);国家科技基础资源调查项目“中国南北过渡带综合科学考察”(2017FY100904)

通讯作者: 田鹏(1982-),女,博士,副教授。主要研究方向:流域水沙过程与水土保持。E-mail:pengtian@nwsuaf.edu.cn E-mail: pengtian@nwsuaf.edu.cn

作者简介: 郭小雪(1996-),女,硕士研究生。主要研究方向:流域水沙过程与土壤侵蚀。E-mail:nwafugxx@163.com

引用本文:

郭小雪, 田鹏, 杜敏, 赵广举, 穆兴民, 高鹏, 卢小燕. 黄土高塬沟壑区典型小流域不同雨型水沙关系特征[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2022, 20(6): 1-7.
GUO Xiaoxue, TIAN Peng, DU Min, ZHAO Guangju, MU Xingmin, GAO Peng, LU Xiaoyan. Relationship between runoff and sediment under different rainfall patterns in the small watershed on the tableland-gully region of the Loess Plateau. SSWC, 2022, 20(6): 1-7.

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http://journal12.magtechjournal.com/Jweb_stbc/CN/10.16843/j.sswc.2022.06.001 或 http://journal12.magtechjournal.com/Jweb_stbc/CN/Y2022/V20/I6/1

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