云南省2012—2016年水土保持动态监测结果分析

doi:10.16843/j.sswc.2022.06.007

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摘要采用云南省水土保持监测站点2012—2016年监测汇编数据,根据全国水土保持三级区划定位划分水土保持类型区,对云南省2012—2016年水土保持动态监测结果进行分析。主要监测结果显示:不同水土保持类型区各地类产流率表现为荒地＞坡耕地＞草地＞梯坪地＞园地＞林地,土壤侵蚀模数表现为坡耕地＞荒地＞梯坪地＞园地＞草地＞林地;不同水土保持类型区小流域年均径流模数在0.12~12.05L/(s·km²)之间,输沙模数在6.20~1659.00t/(km²·a)之间,代表性水文站年均径流模数在0.20~10.90L/(s·km²)之间,输沙模数在1.28~686.00t/(km²·a)之间;坡耕地布设等高反坡阶后,可稳定减少氮流失62.78%~86.50%,减少磷流失50.41%~90.83%;迆者小流域2012—2016年氮和磷输出质量浓度分别为2.55~5.23mg/L和0.65~1.36mg/L,年氮和磷输出量分别为3.65~15.12t和0.95~2.44t;短历时大暴雨是导致泥石流发生的重要诱因,泥石流发生后短期内如再发生较强的降雨,很容易引发二次泥石流。本研究反映云南省水土流失的基本情况,结果可为今后水土保持监测站点的监测工作提供依据和借鉴,为水土流失防治提供理论依据和数据支撑。

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	王帅兵
	王克勤
	李叔东
	冷鹏

关键词 ：水土保持监测站, 产流产沙, 面源污染输出, 泥石流

Abstract：[Background] Yunnan province is a mountainous area, with as much as 94% of the total area belonging to this category. There are many high mountains and valleys, complex and diverse climate types, numerous rivers and lakes all in tandem with heavy and concentrated rainfall. Moreover, with the continued impact of human activities, soil erosion has become very serious in Yunnan. Serious soil erosion has caused the decline of land productivity, siltation of riverbed and water bodies, and natural disasters such as frequent floods, drought and debris flow. Controlling soil erosion and improving the ecological environment is an important task for the ongoing ecological construction in Yunnan province. [Methods] Based on the monitoring compilation data of soil and water conservation monitoring sites in Yunnan province from 2012 to 2016, 36 soil and water conservation monitoring sites were positioned and divided into soil and water conservation type areas according to the national 3-level division of soil and water conservation. The dynamic monitoring of soil and water loss in the Yunnan province was studied in depth from the aspects of rainfall, runoff and sediment production in runoff field of different land use types and small watershed, non-point source pollution output in runoff field and small watershed, debris flow monitoring. [Results] The runoff rates of different soil and water conservation type areas showed as wasteland>sloping farmland>grassland>terrace>garden>forest. The soil erosion moduli were in the order of sloping farmland>wasteland>terrace>garden>grassland>forest. Average annual watershed runoff moduli of different soil and water conservation type areas were 0.12-12.05L/(s·km²), and the sediment modulus was 6.20-1659.00t/(km²·a). The average annual runoff moduli of representative hydrological sites were 0.20-10.90L/(s·km²), and the sediment moduli were 1.28-686.00t/(km²·a). After constructed contour reverse-slope terrace in sloping farmland, the loss of N steadily reduced 62.78%-86.50%, and the loss of P steadily reduced 50.41%-90.83%. The outputs of total nitrogen concentration and total phosphorus concentration were 2.55-5.23mg/L and 0.65-1.36mg/L respectively in the Yizhe small watershed from 2012 to 2016, and the outputs of N amount and P amount were 3.65-15.12t and 0.95-2.44t. Short duration torrential rain was one of the important causes leading to debris flow. It was easy to cause secondary debris flow if strong rainfall occurred in a short period after debris flow occurred. [Conclusions] This study reflected the basic situation of soil and water loss in Yunnan province, which can provided a basis and reference for the monitoring work of soil and water conservation monitoring sites in the future, and provide a theoretical basis and data support for the prevention and control of soil and water loss.

Key words： soil and water conservation monitoring sites runoff and sediment production non-point pollution debris flow

收稿日期: 2021-06-18

PACS:

S157.1

基金资助:国家自然科学基金“微区域集水系统控制云南山区农业面源污染的机理研究”(30660037);云南省重点研发计划项目“坡耕地土壤肥力提升关键技术研究与集成”(2018BB018);云南省教育厅科学研究基金项目“等高反坡阶对抚仙湖流域坡耕地水土和养分流失的影响”(2020J0646);云南省科技厅青年基金项目“基于生态化学计量学的抚仙湖流域坡耕地面源污染控制机制研究”(202101AU070008)

通讯作者: 王克勤(1964-),男,教授,博士生导师。主要研究方向:小流域环境综合治理理论与技术。E-mail:wangkeqin7389@sina.com E-mail: wangkeqin7389@sina.com

作者简介: 王帅兵(1986-),男,博士,讲师。主要研究方向:小流域面源污染控制及水土保持。E-mail:wshuaibing@yxnu.edu.cn

引用本文:

王帅兵, 王克勤, 李叔东, 冷鹏. 云南省2012—2016年水土保持动态监测结果分析[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2022, 20(6): 50-58.
WANG Shuaibing, WANG Keqin, LI Shudong, LENG Peng. Analysis of the dynamic monitoring results for soil and water conservation during 2012-2016 in Yunnan province. SSWC, 2022, 20(6): 50-58.

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http://journal12.magtechjournal.com/Jweb_stbc/CN/10.16843/j.sswc.2022.06.007 或 http://journal12.magtechjournal.com/Jweb_stbc/CN/Y2022/V20/I6/50

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