Characteristics of runoff and sediment yield from different vegetation types in the karst region of Danjiangkou Reservoir area
ZHOU Mengling1, GUO Jianbin1, ZHOU Jinxing1, WANG Lei2, CHEN Xiao1, YAN Weipeng3
1. School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, China; 2. Institute of Desertification Study, Chinese Academy of Forestry, 100091, Beijing, China; 3. Xichuan Forestry Bureau of Henan Province, 474450, Xichuan, Henan, China
Abstract：[Background] The purpose of this study is to quantify the response of runoff and sediment yield to the variation of rainfall and vegetation in the karst region of Danjiangkou Reservoir area, and to determine the optimal vegetation types for achieving the goals of soil erosion reduction and fragile environment restoration.[Methods] In 2018, a continuous monitoring was carried out for the runoff and sediment yield in standard runoff plots of 5 vegetation types (sparse forest of Vernicia fordii (Hemsl.) Airy Shaw (Ⅰ), forest of Pinus massoniana Lamb. (Ⅱ), slope farmland (Ⅲ), grassland (Ⅳ), shrubs of Sophora davidii (Franch.) Skeels (Ⅴ)). A correlation analysis was used to determine the main precipitation parameters which influence the runoff and sediment yield, and a t-test analysis was used to compare the impacts on the sediment yield among vegetation types.[Results] 1) The rainfall events with short duration and high intensity rainfall easily caused the runoff and soil erosion in this area, while the rainfall events with long duration and low intensity did not cause the runoff and soil erosion. 2) For all vegetation types, there was generally a significant (P<0.05), linear and positive correlation between the runoff and sediment yield and the rainfall parameters of rainfall depth and the maximum rainfall intensity (per 10 min, 30 min, and 60 min); while no significant (P>0.05) correlation existed for the rainfall duration and mean rainfall intensity. In addition, there was a significant linear and positive correlation between the sediment yield and runoff depth. 3) The reduction of total runoff by different vegetation types followed the order of:Ⅲ > Ⅱ > Ⅰ and Ⅴ>Ⅳ. The reduction of total sediment by different vegetation types followed the order of:Ⅱ > Ⅳ > Ⅰ and Ⅴ>Ⅲ. Except the insignificant (P>0.05) difference in the total runoff and sediment yield between the vegetation types of Ⅰ and Ⅴ, all differences between other vegetation types were significant (P<0.05).[Conculsions] The comparison of runoff and sediment yield among the vegetation types shows that the vegetation types of Ⅰ, Ⅲ and Ⅴ present a serious water and soil loss, and they require an urgent erosion control treatment. However, the vegetation type of Ⅱ presents a significant benefit of water and soil conservation. In order to intensify the control of rocky desertification and to increase the forest coverage in the study area, the benefits of soil and water conservation by forest/vegetation restoration sould be fully utilized. The results of this study offer a scientific basis for the ecological restoration aimed for the soil and water conservation in the karst sites of the Danjiangkou Reservoir area.
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ZHOU Mengling, GUO Jianbin, ZHOU Jinxing, WANG Lei, CHEN Xiao, YAN Weipeng. Characteristics of runoff and sediment yield from different vegetation types in the karst region of Danjiangkou Reservoir area. SSWC, 2020, 18(2): 77-83.
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2020, Vol. 18 
