滑雪道人造雪融雪产流产沙特征

doi:10.16843/j.sswc.2021.03.012

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摘要为了解滑雪道人造雪融雪的产流产沙特征，利用简易径流小区对北京石京龙滑雪场雪道进行实验观测和研究分析，为滑雪场雪道建设和其土壤侵蚀防治提供理论依据。结果表明：温度是影响融雪的主要因素，滑雪道人造雪融雪的径流流量和产沙量呈现先增大后减小的日变化规律，其中，平均径流流量为11.52×10^-6 m³/s，平均含沙量为0.30 kg/m³，平均土壤侵蚀模数为4 360 t/（km²·a），属于中度侵蚀。径流流量与气温呈显著正相关，与地温相关性不显著；除此之外，径流流量与含沙量也受到坡面土壤、覆盖物及坡度的影响，且径流流量和含沙量满足线性关系；因此，应该更加重视滑雪道的地表土壤整治改良和植被建设，通过提高滑雪道坡面土壤渗透能力、降低可蚀性来减少人造雪融雪形成径流、造成土壤侵蚀，增加坡面植被覆盖也可以起到很好的效果。

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	杨建英
	梁德栋
	史常青
	王会波
	罗广田
	公博
	闫继斌

关键词 ：滑雪道, 人造雪, 产流产沙特征, 影响因素

Abstract：[Background] The density of artificial snow is much higher than that of natural one, the vegetation coverage of ski slope is low, and the feature of frozen-thawed soil has changed. After warming up in spring, the rapid melting of artificial snow will generate a large amount of melting water, and this will cause great soil erosion. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the runoff and sediment yield from artificial snow melting in ski slope. In order to study the characteristics of runoff and sediment yield from artificial snow melting on ski slope, this paper observed and studied the simple runoff plots in a field, which provides theoretical basis for ski slope construction and soil erosion control.[Methods] In this study, two runoff plots with the size of 2.5 m×10 m were set up on the intermediate ski slope of Beijing Shijinglong ski slope. Through the runoff plot observation method, the runoff flow and sediment concentration were measured and calculated in April 10 and 11, 2018, and sampled every hour.[Results] 1) Air temperature and soil temperature showed the change pattern of "Peak" type with time. The peak of temperature appeared at 14:00 and the peak of soil temperature appeared at 15:00. 2) There was a cubic function relationship between snow volume reduction and air temperature, but the fitting effect between snow volume reduction and soil temperature was not ideal. 3) The runoff flow and sediment concentration of snowmelt on the ski slope increased first and then decreased. Among them, the average runoff flow was 11.52×10^-6 m³/s, the average sediment concentration was 0.30 kg/m³, and the average soil erosion modulus was 4 360 t/(km²·a), which belonged to moderate erosion. In addition, runoff flow and sediment concentration were also affected by soil, mulch and slope gradient, and the relationship between runoff flow and sediment concentration was linear.[Conclusions] Through experimental observation and analysis, it provides theoretical basis for ski slope construction and soil erosion control. More attention should be paid to surface soil improvement and vegetation construction of ski slope. The runoff and soil erosion caused from artificial snow melting can be reduced by improving the soil permeability and erodibility of ski slope. The construction of vegetation may increase the surface roughness and improve the physical and chemical properties of soil, thus it can play a role in preventing and controlling soil erosion.

Key words： ski slope artificial snow characteristics of runoff and sediment yield influencing factor

收稿日期: 2019-05-13

PACS:

S157.1

基金资助:北京市科技计划项目“生态环境保护与恢复关键技术研究与示范”（Z181100005318004）；北京市科技计划项目“冬奥北京山地赛区生态环境保护与跟踪评价”（Z181100005318004）

作者简介: 杨建英(1965-),女,博士,副教授。主要研究方向:水土保持。E-mail:yjybjfu@163.com

引用本文:

杨建英, 梁德栋, 史常青, 王会波, 罗广田, 公博, 闫继斌. 滑雪道人造雪融雪产流产沙特征[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2021, 19(3): 95-102.
YANG Jianying, LIANG Dedong, SHI Changqing, WANG Huibo, LUO Guangtian, GONG Bo, YAN Jibin. Characteristics of runoff and sediment yield during artificial snow melting in ski slope. SSWC, 2021, 19(3): 95-102.

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http://journal12.magtechjournal.com/Jweb_stbc/CN/10.16843/j.sswc.2021.03.012 或 http://journal12.magtechjournal.com/Jweb_stbc/CN/Y2021/V19/I3/95

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