近16年三峡库区径流输沙变化分析

doi:10.16843/j.sswc.2021.01.009

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摘要河流水沙情势影响河流生态系统的稳定，改变河流形态，被广泛用于解释河流的时空变化规律。三峡库区是我国最重要的生态区域之一，三峡水库作为中国最大的水库，其运行极大改变了库区内长江干流原有的水沙情势。研究近年库区内的长江干流的水沙变化可为水库的调度运行及库区的泥沙问题提供一定的参考。基于三峡库区干流入库站朱沱站、位于嘉陵江与长江干流的交汇处下游的寸滩站、三峡水库干流出库站宜昌站在2002—2017年的实测水沙资料，采用Mann-Kendall检验法、双累积曲线等方法，对水沙统计特征值、水沙序列趋势与突变、水沙关系进行分析，以期了解近年三峡库区长江干流的水沙变化。结果表明：1）3站的径流量与输沙量的年内变化趋势一致，均集中在5—10月（汛期），宜昌站作为位于水库下游的观测站，径流量向非汛期（11—翌年4月）分散，而输沙量向汛期集中；3站年径流量变差系数为0.101~0.111，年输沙量变差系数为0.510~1.172；2）3站的年径流量呈不显著的上升变化（P>0.05），年输沙量则呈显著降低趋势（P<0.01），径流、输沙量序列的突变时间分别为2005年和2013年，与上游水电站运行、特殊水文年及水库的调度时间相对应；3）3站在不同时间序列内的水沙关系存在较大的差异，与人类活动和河流时空环境变化存在一定关系。人类活动中的水库、水电工程的建设是输沙量降低的主要因素，同时水土流失治理也有效降低了输沙量。

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关键词 ：水沙统计特征值, 趋势与突变, 水沙关系, 三峡库区, 长江干流

Abstract：[Background] Runoff and sediment regime play important roles in the stability of fluvial ecosystem and may alter river morphology. The multi-relationship between runoff and sediment is widely used to clarify spatial-temporal change law of a river. The Three Gorges Reservoir Region is one of the most important ecological area and the operation of the Three Gorges Reservoir (the largest reservoir in China) has huge influence on the runoff and sediment. This study may expand our understanding of the multi-relationship between runoff and sediment and give reference to reservoir operation and sediment problem. [Methods] Based on the runoff and sediment data of three major hydrologic stations (Zhutuo station: Main inlet hydrological station of the Three Gorges Reservoir. Cuntan station: Downstream hydrological station near the intersection of Jialingjiang and Yangtze River. Yichang station: Main outlet hydrological station of the Three Gorges Reservoir), Mann-Kendall test and double cumulative curve analysis method were conducted to analyze the statistical characteristics, trend, mutations in runoff and sediment time series, and the correlation between runoff and sediment to discover runoff and sediment changes in recent years. [Results] 1) The annual variance of runoff and sediment of all the hydrological stations were similar, which were concentrated in May to October (flood season). As the observation station located at the downstream of the reservoir, Yichang station dispersed its runoff in non-flood season (November to April in next year) and concentrated sediment in flood season. Deviation coefficient of annual runoff (C_v) ranged between 0.101-0.111 and deviation coefficient of annual sediment (C_s) was in the range of 0.510-1.172. 2) Annual runoff in 3 stations showed an indistinctive increase trend (P>0.05), while sediment showed significant decrease trend (P<0.01). Runoff and sediment time series mutations happened in 2005 and 2013 respectively, which could be explained by the operation of water conservancy and hydropower project in upstream, special hydrological year and reservoir regulation activities. 3) Relationships between runoff and sediment varied in different time series, results were associated with human activities and fluvial environmental changes. [Conclusions] In general, comparing to runoff, sediment presents more significant change in recent years. Climate changes and human activities both affect sediment change and the latter one is more notable. Human activities, especially the construction of reservoirs and hydropower projects, take the major role in the decline of sediment, soil and water conservation functions as well.

Key words： statistical eigenvalue of runoff and sediment tendency and mutation analysis relationship between runoff and sediment Three Gorges Reservoir Region main stream of Yangtze River

收稿日期: 2019-09-02

PACS:

TV121+.4

基金资助:国家"十三五"重点研发计划项目"三峡库区面源污染植被削减过程与技术研究"（2017YFC0505303）

通讯作者: 王云琦(1979-),女,教授,博士生导师。主要研究方向:森林水文,土壤侵蚀。E-mail:wangyunqishuibao@bjfu.edu.cn E-mail: wangyunqishuibao@bjfu.edu.cn

作者简介: 王淑慧(1997-),女,硕士研究生。主要研究方向:农业面源污染。E-mail:1067514710@qq.com

引用本文:

王淑慧, 苏伯儒, 王云琦, 王玉杰, 朱锦奇, 付婧. 近16年三峡库区径流输沙变化分析[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2021, 19(1): 69-78.
WANG Shuhui, SU Boru, WANG Yunqi, WANG Yujie, ZHU Jinqi, FU Jing. Change analysis of runoff and sediment in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region in recent 16 years. SSWC, 2021, 19(1): 69-78.

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http://journal12.magtechjournal.com/Jweb_stbc/CN/10.16843/j.sswc.2021.01.009 或 http://journal12.magtechjournal.com/Jweb_stbc/CN/Y2021/V19/I1/69

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