Archival data governance is a new field of archival governance in the era of Big Data. It needs to strengthen the concept of empowerment, activate the value potential of archival data elements, play the basic supporting role of archival data in the digital economy, digital government, digital culture, and digital society, and help build a digital China. Through literature review and theoretical exploration, analyze the mechanism of bidirectional empowerment of archival data governance, and explore the thinking imagery and concrete actions that enhance the effectiveness of archival data governance empowerment. In terms of ideology, it is necessary to establish strategic thinking, innovative thinking, systems thinking, open thinking and bottom-line thinking, and expand the perspective of archival data governance. In terms of action paths, it is necessary to strengthen data valuation, institutional empowerment, subject accountability, technological empowerment, and cultural empowerment, enhance the effectiveness of archival data governance empowerment, and promote the digital and intellectual transformation of the archival industry.