The paper used for the archives of the Republic of China has the attributes that are difficult to change in appearance, composition, structure, properties, and papermaking techniques, which are the proof of its unique identity. On the basis of biological sample science, which advocates to realize the standardized analysis, management, and full use of samples, this paper proposes to observe, detect, analyze and store the characteristic information on the basis of collecting paper samples for archives of the Republic of China, so as to form a gene bank of paper for archives of the Republic of China, which can meet the needs of the comprehensive authentication, scientific restoration and exploration of papermaking techniques in the period of the Republic of China. The main functions of the gene bank include: storing the gene information of paper, providing references for comparison, realizing resource sharing and broadening the service path of archives. The construction of paper gene bank can be realized by establishing a cooperative relationship among the government, universities, research institutes and archives, collecting multi-dimensional information of the paper with the help of modern detection and analysis technology, normalizing the access and storage of the information, and visual displaying the results.