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2010 Vol.8 No.3
Published 2010-06-30
Articles
1
WANG Chun-Mei-；Yang-Qi-Ke-；Wang-Qi-；Cheng-Lin-；Guo-Wei-Ling-；Liu-Yong-Mei
Research on regional soil erosion intensity assessment:Taking the Ansai County as an example
This article inquired into talked about the improvements in calculating slope gradient,vegetation coverage and the working processes and working styles for soil erosion assessment,taking the Ansai County as an example.The results showed that: There were great change in slope gradient after re-scaling of slope gradient calculated from DEM with 50m resolution.Slope gradient in 98% of the studied area became larger with a varied extent.Mean slope gradient in the studied area increased by 14.5°.There was an increase in steep areas and a decrease in flat areas.The results of the slope gradient calculated were much more near the practical.The result of vegetation coverage calculated dy the improved method was smaller compared with the method by current method.Based on the improved method,the average of vegetation coverage decreased by 11.8%.Soil erosion assessment was calculated by computer automatically by the AML program.The assessment process was easy to repeat and the result was more impersonal and reasonable.
2010 Vol. 8 (3): 1-7 [
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8
TUN Chang-An-；Ceng-Yi-；Zhou-Zhi-Xiang-；Wang-Feng-Cheng-；Xiao-Wen-Fa-；Luo-Chong
Soil erodibility
K
value in Three Gorges Reservoir Area
The study of soil erodibility
K
value in Three Gorges Reservoir Area provides useful information for soil erosion prediction and eco-rehabilitation.Based on the second soil survey information of Chongqing Municipality and Hubei Province,the physiochemical properties database of various soil local type for Three Gorges Reservoir Area was established,and the soil texture in different particle criterions was converted by means of cubic spline interpolation.Then using the revised geometric mean particle model to calculate erodibility
K
values of various soil local types,and the erodibility
K
values of 11 soil types in Three Gorges Reservoir Area were obtained in terms of area weighted averages method.At last,the distribution characteristic of erodibility
K
value was discussed according to classification and gradation.The results showed that the soil erodibility
K
values were 0.0072-0.0192t·hm
2
·h/(MJ·mm·hm
2
),and the area percentage of middle-high erodibility and high erodibility was about 74.49% of the total area,which erodibility
K
values were ranging from 0.0150 to 0.0190t·hm
2
·h/(MJ·mm·hm
2
).All of the above show that the risk of soil erosion in Three Gorges Reservoir Area is serious,and the revised geometric mean particle model performed better than the existing experience formula for estimation of soil erodibility
K
value in Three Gorges Reservoir Area.
2010 Vol. 8 (3): 8-12 [
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13
LI Lu-；Jiang-Xiao-San-；Wang-Xiao-Xu
Comparative study on different rainfall erosivity models in Jiangsu Province
The research on the spatial and temporal distribution of rainfall erosivity and accurate evaluation of the potential effect of rainfall on soil erosion have positive significance on the soil loss forecasting and soil and water conservation planning.In this paper,3 different erosion models are compared on the basis of the analysis of the rainfall records of 260 stations in Jiangsu Province from 2001 to 2006.The results show that the simulated accuracy of the rainfall-intensity model compared with the kinetic energy-intensity model is 91.56%,which is an ideal model and should be used in Jiangsu Province.Moreover,a simple rainfall model is built and its accuracy compared with the rainfall-intensity model is 92.81%.With the convenient method to collect data and simple processing,the sample model is of great applicability and publicity in Jiangsu province.The space distribution of rainfall erosivity in Jiangsu Province is not homogeneous and which formed a distinct high value area and a low value area.The R value changed a lot during the 6 years,which reached a maximum value 372.15MJ·mm/(hm
2
·h·a) in 2003 and reached the minimum value 168.98MJ·mm/(hm
2
·h·a) in 2004.The high R value regions are located in the northern and southwestern regions of Jiangsu Province especially Lianyungang and other cities,so the prevention and monitoring of soil erosion in those regions should be strengthened.
2010 Vol. 8 (3): 13-19 [
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WANG Yan-Beng-；Liu-Xia-；Tao-Xiao-You-；Zhang-Guang-Can-；Dong-Zhi-；Gao-Feng
AHP analysis of soil and water conservation ecological fragility assessment in Yimeng Mountain Area of Huaihe River Valley
Using analytic hierarchy process(AHP) method,the ecological fragility of different land-use types,such as forest land,farmland,grassland and bare land in Yimeng Mountain Area of Huaihe River Valley,was studied by selecting some indices that could represent quantatively the ecological characteristics of vegetation,landform and physiognomy,ground property and soil condition of each land-use type in Yimeng Mountain Area,to make the strategy of soil and water conservation for this area.Results show that the weight of soil erosion area ratio is the largest in all selected indices,which is 0.4412.The second is the thickness of humus layer,which is 0.2252.The third is litter thickness of ground surface,which is 0.1505.In all land-use types of Yimeng Mountain Area,the ecological fragility degree of economic forest land is largest(0.7295,located between 0.60-0.75),belonging to middle fragility class.The fragility degree of farmland and thining-young forestland is larger,which is 0.5658 and 0.5672 respectively,located between 0.45-0.60,belonging to general fragility class.And the fragility degree of grassland is 0.4154(<0.45),belonging to potential fragility class.The fragility degree of ecological forest land is only 0.1834,belonging to non-fragility class.So,the soil loss control of economic forest should be paid more attention.
2010 Vol. 8 (3): 20-27 [
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28
BAI Wen-Juan-；Zheng-Fen-Chi-；Dong-Chi-Li-；Ding-Xiao-Bin
Integrated assessment on soil quality in the water-wind erosion region of the Loess Plateau area
In order to clarify the changes and level of soil quality in the water-wind erosion region of the Loess Plateau area,this paper established a Minimum Data Set(MDS) for soil quality assessment by the methods of sensitivity analysis,principal components analysis,and correlation analysis,quantitatively evaluated effects of vegetation succession stages and different vegetation restoration types on soil quality based on integrated indictors and MDS.The results showed that MDS included soil organic matter content,available phosphorus,invertase activity,and fungi.The trend of integrated fertility index(IFI) changes was partially U shape,namely,showing a decrease in 15 years following abandonment,but an increase after 15 years.Considering different vegetation types,the values of IFI ranked in the order: Robinia pseudoacacia forestland,cropland,abandoned farmland,
Pinus tabulaeformis
forestland,
Artemisia desertorum
land,
Caragana korshinskii
land,
Populus simonii
thining forestland.Established MDS could reflect the information of integrated indicators and results of assessment were of better representative.Conclusively,soil fertility level in the study area was low.Therefore,the task of eco-environmental rehabilitation is till very arduous,and how to shorten the evolution stage of soil quality in earlier vegetation succession should be addressed.
2010 Vol. 8 (3): 28-37 [
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38
JIANG De-Wen-；Guo-Suo-Pan-；Diao-Yong-Jun-；Dang-Wei-Qi-；Chen-Ji-Hu-；Wang-Yun-Zhang
Contents and methods on permitted requirements of soil and water conservation for production and construction projects
In order to put the scientific development view into practice,build a resources conservation-minded and environment friendly society,it is necessary to study the permitted requirements of soil and water conservation for production and construction project.Seeing from the perspective of protecting soil and water resources and eco-environment,an in-depth study is made in this research on the permitted requirements both of soil and water conservation,and the soil and water conservation plan for 16 sorts of production and construction projects.The study has put forward such permitted requirements as rejection,restricted approval and delayed approval.For the first time,some quantification norms such as topsoil stripping use ratio,dregs sorting stacking ratio,land bareness degree,second ploughing ratio,water storage measure ratio,water loss and soil erosion influence index are formed into the permitted requirements of soil and water conservation for production and construction projects.
2010 Vol. 8 (3): 38-42 [
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43
JIANG De-Wen-；Guo-Suo-Pan-；Diao-Yong-Jun-；Dang-Wei-Qi-；Chen-Ji-Hu-；Wang-Yun-Zhang
Universal items on of permitted requirements of soil and water conservation for production and construction projects
On the basis of national laws,program of national economy and social development,planning of industries development,national industry policies and the national and industrial standards,by means of systematic collection,contrastive analysis,105 items of permitted requirements of soil and water conservation have been put forward for production and construction project,Among the 105 items 86 are fundamental items,7 are for restricting access and 12 are for delaying approval;86 items of permitted requirements of the soil and water conservation plan have been put forward for production and construction project,among which 16 are fundamental items,35 are special items for different zones,12 are special items for different projects types,12 are items that require the constructor and designer to rectify the main-building plan and 11 are items that require the revision and improvement of soil and water conservation plan.A total of 191 items of permitted requirements of soil and water conservation for production and construction project have been put forward.
2010 Vol. 8 (3): 43-54 [
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55
FEI Yuan-Du-；Ca-Zhi-Zhou-；Chen-Zong-Wei-；Liu-Shu-Tao-；Zhang-Lan-Jun-；Liu-Ji-Zhao
Permitted requirements of soil and water conservation for highway and railway projects
Highway projects and railway projects are all the linear engineering.Compared with other construction projects,their characteristics are long front,across many different kinds of terrain,covering more and more permanent occupied area,using of a large quantity of earth and stone works,lots of spoil ground and earth cutting sites along the route and so on.According to the laws,regulations,standards,plans and other related materials,4 shared items of permitted requirements of soil and water conservation for highway and railway projects and each special item for highway projects and railway projects were put forward.Three shared items of restricted approval for highway and railway projects and each special item for highway projects and railway projects were put forward.Four items for revision of soil and water conservation for main building design plan,3 items for improvement of soil and water conservation plan,and 10 items for priority approval and delayed approval are put forward.
2010 Vol. 8 (3): 55-58 [
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59
WEI Quan-En-；Li-Hai-Lin-；Na-Mei-；Xu-Yong-Nian
Permitted requirements of soil and water conservation for water transport-related construction projects
The land occupation of water transport-related constraction projects,such as port,shipside,indenpendent bridge,tunnel,sea wall etc.,is mostly permanent,which is completely changed intrinsic function of land.Water transport-related construction projects destroy environment and led to a lot of soil and water losses.The projects need a large number of excavations and filling of earth and stonework in the construction.A lot of sand and debris are poured into rivers or lakes directly.According to China's relevant laws and regulations,policies,plans,standards and other regulations,considering the characteristics of water transport-related projects,permitted requirements both of soil and water conservation measures,and the soil and water conservation plan are discussed.
2010 Vol. 8 (3): 59-63 [
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64
WEI Quan-En-；Na-Mei-；Gao-Zhi-；Xu-Yong-Nian
Permitted requirements of soil and water conservation for airport construction projects
The land occupation of airport construction projects is mostly permanent.The projects destroy the environment and led to a lot of soil and water losses,with a large number of excavation and filling of earth and stonework in the construction.Based on the analysis of the composition of projects,characteristics of soil and water losses,environmental impact,4 items of permitted requirements of soil and water conservation for construction projects and 5 items of permitted requirements of soil and water conservation for soil and water conservation plan are discussed according to china's relevant laws and regulations,policies,plans,standards and other regulations.
2010 Vol. 8 (3): 64-66 [
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67
GUO Meng-Fan-；Fei-Hua-；Xu-Cheng-；Hou-Jie-Ping-；Yuan-Yong-Hui-；Yang-Si-Cui-；Cao-Yun-；Wen-Cun-；Chang-Zhi-Yong-；Sun-Kun-Jun-；Zhang-Yang
Permitted requirements of soil and water conservation for power projects
Based on the analysis of types,components,land occupation,production technology,earthwork and waste involved in power projects,the characteristics of soil erosion and water loss during the construction is shown.Considering the development planning,national policies and industrial distribution related to power industry,a total of 50 permitted requirements of soil and water conservation for power projects including restricting and delaying are put forward.According to the technical specifications and the provisions of the new national standard of soil and water conservation,11 items of permitted requirements of soil and water conservation for main-building design revision and 7 items of permitted requirements of soil and water conservation for soil and water conservation plan revision are put forward.
2010 Vol. 8 (3): 67-73 [
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74
WANG Xiang-Dong-；Zhang-Feng-；He-Fan-；Liu-Ai-Zhang
Permitted requirements of soil and water conservation for hydraulic engineering projects
The hydraulic engineering is characterized by large scale,long duration and more land occupation,with enormous soil erosion and relatively serious hazards.In order to estimates and replies to soil and water conservation plan with the specific criteria,the study summarized the types and the features of soil erosion of hydraulic engineering.On the basis of related resources of the laws,standards and plans,2 sorts of permitted requirements of soil and water conservation for construction projects are proposed.
2010 Vol. 8 (3): 74-77 [
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78
YANG Jian-Yang-；Jiang-De-Wen-；Chen-Ji-Hu-；Zhang-Feng-；Bai-Lin
Permitted requirements of soil and water conservation for hydropower construction projects
The hydropower construction projects bring large disturbance to the ground,affect a wide range of the earth for a long period of time and cause serious soil erosion.With the purpose of founding rational and effective prevention and controlling system of soil erosion and water loss,mitigating soil erosion hazards generated by hydropower construction projects and regulating the evaluation and approval system of soil and water conservation plan,the engineering composition of the hydropower is combined with its soil erosion features,some permitted requirements are worked out in this study.Permitted requirements of soil and water conservation for hydropower construction projects had been classified into four sorts of approval,rejection,restricted approval and delayed approval.Each sort of permitted requirements are put forward in this paper.
2010 Vol. 8 (3): 78-82 [
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83
ZHANG Xian-Meng-；Wang-Yun-Zhang-；Zhang-Yao-Ge
Permitted requirements of soil and water conservation for metal mine projects
Metal mine projects,which are characterized by occupation of much land,great amount of earthwork,large quantity of abandoned barren rocks and tailings,result in soil and water losses by means of opencast mining,underground mining,mineral separation,and the construction and operation of smelting projects.Such projects generally have impacts in a larger area for a longer time.Besides the conditions in "Universal items of permitted requirements of soil and water conservation for production and construction projects" to be observed,this research has put forward another 35 items of permitted requirements of soil and water conservation for the approval,restricted approval and delayed approval of metal mine projects.4 items of permitted requirements that require the rectification of the main design,3 items that require revision of soil and water conservation program have also been put forward.Based on what is afore said,5 items items of permitted requirements of priority approval are pointed out as well.
2010 Vol. 8 (3): 83-87 [
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88
ZHANG Yao-Ge-；Wang-Yun-Zhang-；Zhang-Xian-Meng
Permitted requirements of soil and water conservation for nonmetal mine projects
On the basis of the generalization of the current development of nonmetal exploitation and construction project all round the country,as well its industry characteristics and particularity,the paper summarized and collected relevant laws and statutes from both the national and local,and also generalized the policy requirements of Industry and regional industry.Concerning about the industry requirements of soil and water conservation,a series of ecological problems caused by nonmetal mine exploitation and construction and its own potential problems were analyzed.And then,by studying the admittance of industry and soil and water conservation,the permitted requirements of soil and water conservation for projects as well the basic idea of compensation for ecological restoration was put forward.The result can be used to control the project risk and hidden trouble at the programming stage,which providing theoretic basis for the macro-control and industry structure planned adjustment,as well for fully utilizing resources and reducing and controlling the ecological environment problems caused by the project development and so on.
2010 Vol. 8 (3): 88-92 [
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93
CHEN Zheng-Xin-；Yuan-Pu-Jin-；You-Wei-；Wang-Yun-Zhang
Permitted requirements of soil and water conservation for coal mine projects
Based on investigation and research on coal mine project composition,occupation of land,its construction and production technology in connection with water and soil losses,allocation and transportation of waste,the characteristics of water and soil losses during the project construction and production,and the measures for water and soil losses,in light of the related laws,rules,industry policies,sector planning and technical norms,this research has put forward 10 basic items for permitted requirements,9 items for estricted approval,8 items for delayed approval with regard to soil and water conservation for coal mine.This research has also raised 34 permitted requirements items of soil and water conservation for soil and water conservation program of projects in different soil and water losses zones,15 items that require the revision of designing and 2 items that require revision and improvement of soil and water conservation program.Besides,13 items with regard to the priority and delayed approval of soil and water conservation program have also been raised in this research.
2010 Vol. 8 (3): 93-98 [
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99
ZHANG Qiang-Qiong-；Dang-Wei-Qi-；Chen-Zheng-Xin-；Li-He-；Bao-Zhu-；Zhang-Yao-Ge
Permitted requirements of soil and water conservation for coal chemical industry projects
Coal chemical industry projects consume huge amount of water and have considerable impacts on regional water resource balance and ecology environment.Such activities as digging,filling,building during the construction will damage the vegetation cover on the surface,result in land bareness and aggravate soil erosion and water loss,even lead to deterioration of peripheral ecology environment;much waste water and residue released during the production will have immense negative impacts on peripheral ecology environment.Most of the coal chemical industry projects of our country are allocated in mountainous,hilly,and sandstorm-stricken areas with insufficient water resource and weak ecology environment,therefore those areas are suffer seriously from soil erosion and water loss and environment problems.In light of the related laws,rules,national development guidelines,national codes,industry evelopment program,industry allocation,and technical norms,etc,in accordance of scientific outlook on development,resources conserving and environment friendly society,with our focus on protecting soil and water resources and effective prevention and treatment of the soil erosion and water loss as a result of coal chemical industry project construction and production,on three evels of approval,restricted approval and delayed approval,the research has put forward the permitted rquirements of soil and water conservation for coal chemical industry projects.
2010 Vol. 8 (3): 99-103 [
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104
DIAO Yong-Jun-；Dang-Wei-Qi-；Chen-Ji-Hu-；Xu-Cheng
Permitted requirements of soil and water conservation for cement industry projects
Based on the analysis of types,components,land occupation,production technology,earthwork and waste involved in cement inductry projects,the characteristics of soil erosion and water loss during the construction and manufacturing procedure of cement works are shown.Soil erosion and water loss mainly occur during the construction of cement works while during production,it is mainly the exploitation of lime and clay and the dust released in the factory.According to the "universal items of the permitted requirements of oil and water conservation for construction and production projects" in reference to the related laws,rules,regulations,policies,codes,development guidelines and industry development program in cement industry,13 items of permitted requirements of soil and water conservation are put forward in this research for rejection,restricted approval and delayed approval of cement industry projects.On the basis of related laws and regulations and the new national code for soil and water conservation and in light of analysis of typical cases,5 items of permitted requirements are put forward in this research that required the revision of the main-building design,and 4 items that required the revision of the soil and water conservation plan.
2010 Vol. 8 (3): 104-107 [
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108
LIU Ai-Zhang-；Han-Feng-Xiang-；Gao-Zhao-Liang-；Wang-Xiang-Dong-；Zhou-Li-Jun
Permitted requirements of soil and water conservation for pipeline-type projects
Oil and gas transmission pipeline-type projects,due to its length,going through various geomorphic types and landforms and result in different soil erosion and water loss and hazards.They may also go through such sensitive areas as rivers and roads,thus bring direct impacts and hazards.However,pipeline-type projects,with short time limits,generally make temporary use of land and therefore are comparatively less in impact and shorter in time.On the basis of the characteristics of pipeline-type projects construction,in light of such materials as laws,regulations,codes,programs,etc.,3 items of permitted requirements of soil and water conservation,49 items of permitted requirements of soil and water conservation plan,8 items that require the revision of the design of the pipeline-type projects,3 items that require the revision and improvement of soil and water conservation plan,and 13 items for restricted approval and delayed approval for soil and water conservation plan are put forward for pipeline-type projects.
2010 Vol. 8 (3): 108-111 [
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YANG Jian-Yang-；Diao-Yong-Jun-；Jin-Fu-Cheng-；You-Wei-；Wang-Zhen-Hua
Permitted requirements of soil and water conservation for civil engineering projects
Civil engineering projects,which involve mass earth work,deteriorate the earth surface and vegetation cover in many spots and large areas.The soil and water losses and environmental destruction caused by engineering constructions have direct negative impact on the urban human settlement;therefore,they are among the sensitive projects.Based on the analysis on the characteristics of land occupying and soil and water losses caused by projects,by means of consultation of abundant laws,rules and technological codes about environment and resources in reference to the construction of cities and towns,through analysis,conclusion and summarization,we have put forward in this research the permitted requirements of soil and water conservation for civil engineering projects,and classified the permitted requirements into three sorts: entry,restricted approval and delayed approval.This research has also put forward the permitted requirements of soil and water conservation programs and opinions on the rank ordering of soil and water conservation plans.
2010 Vol. 8 (3): 112-116 [
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JIANG De-Wen-；Dang-Wei-Qi-；Chen-Ji-Hu-；Xu-Cheng
Permitted requirements of soil and water conservation for forestry-paper integration industry projects
Forestry-paper integration is the state-determinate development direction and industry policy for the paper manufacturing industry.The main impact from the site is slathering of water resource and sewage disposal.Clearing of forest,soil preparation,plantation,felling,and transportation during the forestry construction and production operation may result in serious water and soil losses.In addition to the "Universal terms of permitted requirements of soil and water conservation for production and construction project",by means of analysis of the ways of forestry-paper integration and its operation,in consideration of the concerned laws,rules,industry policies,industry development programs and technological specifications,this research has put forward 17 conditions of soil and water conservation for the rejection,restricted approval and delayed approval of the forestry-paper integration engineering.Furthermore,based on the concerned laws,rules,and regulations of national codes of water and soil conservation and in light of analysis of typical cases,this research has summarized 13 conditions for rectification of the main design and 4 conditions for the rectification of the soil and water conservation program.
2010 Vol. 8 (3): 117-120 [
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BANG Dong-Shui-；Chen-Ji-Hu-；Jiang-De-Wen-；Tu-Ze-Qing
Permitted requirements of soil and water conservation for agricultural and forestry projects
Disturbed ground areas of agricultural and forestry projects stand first on the list in all kinds of developmental items.A series of actions that include felling,transportation,soil preparation and plantation cause ground vegetation and covering purged.Based on major technical index analysis in agricultural and forestry projects,influence analysis in soil erosion and ecology environment,field research and law,regulation,technical specification,standard and plans,this article put forward permitted requirements of soil and water conservation for approval,restricted approval and delayed approval in agricultural and forestry projects,and general permitted requirements for admission of soil and water conservation plan.This research can provide theoretical basis and technological support for national macro-policy-making and investment consultation.
2010 Vol. 8 (3): 121-124 [
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