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2010 Vol.8 No.1
Published 2010-02-28
Articles
1
XU Yong-；An-Xiang-Sheng-；Yang-Bei-；Liu-Pu-Ling
Synthetic analyses of effects of farmland terracing on the Loess Plateau:A case study of Yangou Watershed
Farmland terracing is an effective measure for the improving of eco-environment and the reducing of soil and water loss on the Loess Plateau.This paper takes Yangou Watershed as a case study for research on benefits of farmland terracing. Using daily meteorological data of Yan'an Station in 2005 and data of terrain features,soil and land use of Yangou Watershed,this research simulates and analyzes the benefits of increasing yield and soil and water conservation under different topographic conditions by the aid of WIN-YIELD software and applies an empirical analysis on the effects of farmland terracing in Yangou Watershed.The results show that the bigger the gradient of farmland,the more benefits of increasing yield and soil and water conservation.The slope farmland less than 5° should not be terraced.The slope farmland more than 15° should be terraced as early as possible.
2010 Vol. 8 (1): 1-5 [
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6
LI Shu-Qin-；Gao-Jian-En-；Diao-Chun-Gong-；Shao-Hui-；Liang-Gai-Ge
Design and verification of water erosion scale simulation experiment on slop
This paper introduced the water erosion scale simulation experiment on the loess slop,further verifying experiments were conducted on the similarities of the runoff and erosion processes.Based on the theories of the small watershed simulation experiment,a design method and verification of water erosion simulation experiment were given.The results showed that: the undistorted sloping model was similar to the antetype in the rainfall,the flow rate processes,mean velocity,runoff depth,drag coefficient,sediment production and sediment transport and bed deformation under complying with the similarities of geometric,rainfall,flow,erosion production,sediment transport and bed deformation etc.,in despite of some difference of flow patterns in model and antitype experiment.So it can be applied as a tool in soil erosion control plan,optimizing conservation measures and utilizing water and soil resource efficiently.
2010 Vol. 8 (1): 6-12 [
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1356
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13
LI Nu-Yun-；Yang-Tan-Chao-；Chen-Xu-Tu
Develop carbon sequestration forestry for combating climate change:The practice and management of carbon sequestration forestry in China
On the basis of explaining roles played by forests in combating climate change and introducing the concepts of forest carbon sequestration,carbon sequestration in forestry,and carbon forestry,this paper summarizes the experience of carbon sequestration forestry in China.It further promotes a key idea of strengthening the management of carbon sequestration forestry through major efforts including: 1) implementing activities oriented for implementing "China's Action Plans for Combating Climate Change";2) establishing a nation-wide carbon sequestration accounting and monitoring system,and setting up an expert group for forest carbon sequestration accounting;3) implementing some low-carbon economy pilot projects in forest sector.
2010 Vol. 8 (1): 13-16 [
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1567
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17
LI Yang-Bing-；Wang-Shi-Jie-；Cheng-An-Yun-；Luo-Guang-Jie
Relationship between land use/land cover and rocky desertification in karst areas:Houzhai catchments in Puding County,Guizhou Province an example
The paper aim at elucidating the essential characteristics of rocky desertification land based on the characteristics of land use/land cover and rocky desertification in southwestern karst areas in China.Houzhai catchments in Puding County,Guizhou Province was chosen as a case study to clarify the relationship between land use/land cover and rocky desertification according to the remote image of different seasons.So,this paper suggests that the characteristics of land use or land cover should be taken into consideration when discriminating rocky desertification,and reveals that rocky desertification land is those whose annual vegetation coverage lower than 10%,characterized by poorly grey coverage;while potential ones are those grass slope lands,characterized by seasonal single peak type green coverage from ecological succession viewpoint.This method which relate land use/land cover to classify and evaluate rocky desertification land,can make each kind of rocky desertification land has a definite meaning,therefore are more accurate and practical,hence more pertinent in the rehabilitation of those desert lands.
2010 Vol. 8 (1): 17-21 [
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1637
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22
JU Hou-Yuan-；Jiao-Ju-Yang
Erosion-resistant plants in the Hilly-gullied area of the Loess Plateau
Soil erosion is the most important driving force for the degradation of upland and mountain ecosystems,and interferes with the process of plant community development and plant succession.However,plant can overcome the stresses caused by soil erosion through the various breeding ways and the morphological and physiological compensation.In the process of resisting soil erosion,the adaption of plant to soil erosion environment is increasing,and plant community development can resist soil erosion.Therefore,erosion-resistant plant is considered that plant not only can adapt to soil erosion environment,survive in soil erosion condition,but also can protect and improve soil,prevent soil from erosion,regenerate itself and maintain the stability and sustainable development of plant community.The erosion-resistant plants was classified into different groups,and the soil erosion-resistant characteristics of plant and the development features of soil erosion environment of vegetation restoration process in the Hilly-gullied Loess Plateau were analyzed.In order to develop the ecological function of plant and community to conserve soil and water and improve environment preferably,it is suggested that morphological,physiology and ecological features and erosion control function of successive plants and communities in the vegetation restoration process need to be investigated systematically in the view of soil erosion science,and the theoretical frame and application method of erosion-resistant species need to be put forwarded.
2010 Vol. 8 (1): 22-27 [
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28
QI Dun-Tou-；Ca-Jiang-Guo-；Fang-Hai-Yan-；Chen-Xiao-An-；Nie-Bin-Bin-；Cui-Pu-Wei
Effects of soil and water conservation on reduction of runoff and sediment in Chabagou Watershed
In this study,effects of soil and water conservation measures on runoff and sediment reduction in Chabagou Watershed from 1971 to 1980 are calculated by three methods: rainfall-runoff and rainfall-sediment statistical model,double-accumulative curve method and time series contrasting method separately.As a result,runoff reduction are 10.55%,6.18% and 26.67% and sediment reduction are 58.74%,63.40% and 72.77% accordingly.By analyzing the results of calculation and comparison with results of previous studies,three main points are concluded: 1) Governance model emphasizing on sediment storage dam has remarkable sediment reduction effects which is averaging about 65% and can effectively reduce peak discharge with an averaging runoff reduction effect more than 25% in the flood season;2) Annual runoff reduction effect is only averaging about 7% and the ratio of groundwater runoff to total runoff raised by 20.4%,which shows that sediment storage dam affect runoff by adjusting the ingredient proportion rather than reducing total runoff;3) The aim of water and soil conservation can not realized only by sediment storage dam for it does not change the conditions of hill slopes where soil erosion occurs,and instead vegetation restoration is an effective approach for ecosystem restoration and enhancement in eroded area of loess.
2010 Vol. 8 (1): 28-33 [
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34
MA Ping-；Song-Feng-Hui-；Shi-Pan-Jiang-；Wang-Jian-；Shu-Shou-Jun
Scouring erosion experiment on bare slight slope in Ili River Basin
Based on the scouring erosion experiment on bare slight slope in Ili River Basin,water infiltration and the characteristics of runoff and sediment were studied,and the hydraulic parameters characteristics of surface runoff were analyzed.The results showed: 1) Soil infiltration rate took on the trend of increasing as the scouring water discharge increased;however,it had a trend of decreasing with the scouring water amount increasing.A higher variation of soil water had on the lower slope compared to the upper slope.2) The process of sediment discharge went up as the scouring water discharge increased,and the sediment concentration had a trend from high to low.The relation between the sediment concentration and the scouring water discharge presented a power function.With the scouring time continuing the sediment concentration and the sediment discharge both went down.3) The average flow velocity,the Reynolds number and the Darcy-Weisbach resistance coefficient increased as the scouring water discharge increased,the Froude number decreased as the scouring water discharge increased.The relation between the average flow velocity and the scouring water discharge,the Froude number and the Reynolds number both presented power functions.The water flow presented a laminar,supercritical flow state.
2010 Vol. 8 (1): 34-39 [
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40
YANG Ji-；Xie-Rong-Hua-；Yu-Rong-Gang-；Guo-Xiao-Min
Disposition pattern of soil and water conservation plant in red soil erosion area
In order to find the approach of fast controlling soil erosion in the red soil erosion area of southern China,the observation on status of vegetation growth and benefits of 16 patterns of plant disposition in red soil area are carried out which include benefits of soil and water conservation,melioration and economy.Results showed that pinus massoniana+Schima superba+Lespedeza bicolor Turcz.+Gardenia jasminoides Ellis,pinus massoniana+Schima superba+paulownia+Lespedeza bicolor Turcz.in Xiou-shui area,pinus massoniana+Schima superba+Lespedeza bicolor Turcz in Ning-du area,Pinus elliottii+Liquidambar formosana Hance+lespedeza bicolor Turcz.+Panicum repens L.,Pinus elliottii.+Lespedeza bicolor Turcz.+Panicum repens L.,Pinus elliottii.+Lespedeza bicolor Turcz.+Paspalum natatum etc in Shi-cheng are good beneficial.Those patterns should be applicated to similar regions.
2010 Vol. 8 (1): 40-45 [
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46
HUANG Jin-；Zhang-Jin-Che-；Yang-Hui
Comprehensive evaluation on water conservation function of main stand types of ecological protection forest in Tonglu County
Water conservation function of main stand types of ecological protection forest in Tonglu county of Zhejiang province were evaluated.Rate of canopy interception,litter volume,maximal water holding rate of litter layer,soil steady infiltration,soil thickness,soil general porosity and non-capillary porosity were selected as evaluation index,and comprehensive evaluation method of water conservation function was used.The result show that the desending order of water conservation function was Cyclobalanopsis glauca,Cunninghamia Lanceolata,Phyllostachys heterocycla,Cinnamomum camphora,Pinus massoniana,Castanea mollissima;the water conservation function of Cyclobalanopsis glauca belongs to better grade,Cunninghamia Lanceolata,Phyllostachys heterocycla and Cinnamomum camphora were middle,Pinus massoniana and Castanea mollissima were worse.
2010 Vol. 8 (1): 46-50 [
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1621
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51
HONG Bang-Wen-；Shang-Chong-Jun-；Yang-Ji-；Yu-Rong-Gang-；Song-Ru-Jun
Ecological security assessment of Jiangxi Province based on soil erosion and water loss
In order to study the influences of soil erosion and water loss to ecological security of Jiangxi Province,the ecological security assessment system indices of Jiangxi Province indices was constructed based on soil erosion and water loss.Then,provincial ecological security assessment was curried out using pressurestate-response model.The results showed that: 1) Ecological security level of Jiangxi Province took a turn for the better in period from 1996 to 2000.However,the provincial integer level of ecological security had nothing but Ⅱ.Therefore,the ecological security pressure was great all the same.2) The spatial variation of ecological security level of Jiangxi Province was distinct.That was expressed in spatial distribution and absolute figure.3) Relation between soil erosion and ecological security was marked.With the rising of integer level of ecological security,the influences of soil erosion to ecological security became more and more notable.
2010 Vol. 8 (1): 51-57 [
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58
ZHANG Rong-Hua-；Liu-Xia-；Tao-Xiao-You-；Zhang-Guang-Can-；Zhang-Rong-；Chang-Cheng
Assessment and spatial distribution of soil erosion sensitivity in Tongbai-Dabie Mountainous area
Based on RS and GIS technology,guided by RUSLE,the influence of rainfall,soil,relief and vegetation on soil erosion sensitivity are studied,and the index system and classification standard of soil erosion sensitivity assessment in Tongbai-Dabie Mountainous area is established and soil erosion sensitivity is evaluated and analyzed in order to provide scientific basis to control soil erosion and construct ecological engineering.The results show that the erosion sensitivity of Tongbai-Dabie Mountainous area is relatively high,and the area over moderate level is 46.34 percent of the total area,and the mild level and the insensitive level is 44.30% and 9.36% respectively.In the spatial distribution,the sensitivity reduces from south to north,and high sensitivity is mainly in the south,such as Jinzhai County,Huoshan County,Yuexi County,Shucheng County,Shangcheng County and so on,and sensitivity in the north plain is low.The distribution of soil erosion sensitivity has high consistency with soil erosion intensity.The region of high sensitivity is also serious in soil erosion,indicating that regional soil erosion is highly influenced by natural factors,but in some areas there is a certain difference because of different human activities.
2010 Vol. 8 (1): 58-64 [
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65
CHANG Cheng-；Liu-Xia-；Zhang-Guang-Can-；Tao-Xiao-You-；Zhang-Rong-Hua-；Zhang-Rong
Land use dynamic and driving force analysis of cultivated land change in Mengyin County
Based on TM images in 1987,1997 and 2007,applied land use dynamic degree model and the land use general dynamic degrees to promulgate the land use spatial-temporal change characteristic comprehensively in the research area during 20 years.The result indicated that: from the time,land use changes significantly during 20 years,forest land and construction land increase,others decrease.From the space,each type of land use change has a dramatic spatial distribution.Factors which driving cultivated land change are total economic growth,social development and agricultural development.which is helpful for the land planning in Mengyin county and can provide reference for ecological environment protection.
2010 Vol. 8 (1): 65-70 [
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71
CHEN Pan-Pan-；Bi-Hua-Xin-；Chen-Zhi-Han-；Yun-Lei-；Ma-Wen-Jing
Analysis of dynamic changes and its driving forces of land use during the past 50 years in a typical watershed in the Loess Plateau gully area
Yangjiagou small watershed in Xifeng city of Gansu province was chosen as the study area,which had been taken comprehensive measures for erosion control during the past 50 years.Based on remote sense image interpreting and field survey approach,the land-use information of six different petiods were gotten.Using these datas,the land-use dynamic changes in the past 50 years were analyzed through land-use area changes and land-use transition probability matrix.Results showed that: 1) During the period of 1954 to 2008,the area of forest land was increased greatly and the area of unexploited land was lowered sharply.In addition,the area of grassland,garden land and communication land were increased in different degree;2) The main changes of land-use was unexploided land to forest land.In addition,the cultivated land,grassland,communication land were also mainly transformed from the unexploided land and the graden land was mainly transformed form the cultivated land;3) Policy changes,economic development and population growth played important driving roles in land-use changes.
2010 Vol. 8 (1): 71-76 [
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77
LI Zhi-Fei-；Diao-Yu-Sen-；Xin-Ying-；Kong-Xiang-Fei-；Wu-Chun-Pan
Soil water storage and infiltration characteristics under 3 artificial forests in the upper reaches of Ashihe river
In order to study the soil water storage and infiltration characteristics of artificial forest,3 artificial forests(Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica,Pinus koraiensis and Larix gmelinii) were selected in Guangming small watershed in the upper reaches of Ashihe river.The water storage and infiltration characteristics were studied using ring sampler method.The results show that Larix gmelinii,which is significantly different(
P
<0.05)from the others,has the lowest bulk density as well as the highest porosity and water storage ability.The stable infiltration coefficient at 10℃ of Larix gmelinii(4.86mm/min) is the biggest,followed by Pinus koraiensis(0.63mm/min) and Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica(0.57mm/min).The conclusion is that the water conservation function of Larix gmelinii is the best among the 3 artificial forests.
2010 Vol. 8 (1): 77-80 [
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81
DONG Qi-Ge-；Feng-Gao-；Peng-Wen-Hua
Influence of sodium polyacrylate on infiltration characteristic of three soil textures
Based on the experiment of one-dimensional vertical infiltration in laboratory conditions,the effect of Sodium Polyacrylate on infiltration capacity of sandy, loamy,and clayey soil and infiltration parameters of Kostiakov infiltration equations were studied.Four concentrations of sodium polyacrylate(0,0.08%,0.20%,and 0.50%),on dry weight basis,were added to these three soils.The results show that the concentration of sodium polyacrylate is controlled from 0.08% to 0.50% by weight,then the infiltration rate of these soils decrease with the time;the infiltration capacity significantly decrease with the increasing of sodium polyacrylate concentration;the infiltration capacity of three soils is restrained by sodium polyacrylate.The infiltration parameter
k
of soil decreases,while
a
ascenders with the increasing addition of sodium polyacrylate and the response of
k
/
a
on sodium polyacrylate gradually ascendeds with increasing sodium polyacrylate concentration.
2010 Vol. 8 (1): 81-86 [
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87
MA Feng-Yun-；Liu-Yan-；Hou-Long-Yu-；Song-Yu-Min-；Geng-Chang-Jun-；Chen-Fu-Liang
Influence of direct seeding on vegetation and soil in rocky mountain
Technology of direct seeding plays more important role in vegetation restoration in barren areas.To evaluate its effects,using species diversity indices,including species abundance,Simpson diversity index,Shannon-Wiener index and Pielou evenness index,the characteristics of species diversity in forest community afforested by direct seeding and wasteland in rocky mountain in Zouwu Town,Xuecheng County was studied,and soil chemical property of both areas was also measured.The results showed that:1) In forest community,dominance species was
Melia azedarach
in tree layer and Rhus typhina in shrub layer,while dominance species was Vitex negundo in shrub layer in wasteland.No tree species were found except
Melia azedarach
,
Ailanthus altissim
a,
Platycladus orientalis
.2) In forest community,species diversity indices and evenness index of tree layer were significant higher,compared with wasteland,while those indices of shrub layer were significant lower.3) In forest community,the soil nutrients,including organic matter,total N,available P,available K,conductivity,were significant higher than those of wasteland,while no significant difference was found in pH for both regions.It is a useful practical technology for direct seeding in vegetation restoration,while method of natural succession can not be used.
2010 Vol. 8 (1): 87-92 [
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93
FENG Yong-Jian-；Ma-Chang-Meng-；Wang-Pan-Hui-；Du-A-Peng
Relationship between the characteristics of transpiration of
Larix principi-rupprechtii
forest and soil water potential
Based on the field observation,the transpiration variation of
Larix principi-rupprechtii
forest in Diediegou Watershed in Liupan Mountain of Ningxia Province was studied from May to October in 2008.The results showed that the rainfall was the major factor impacting on the soil water potential.Soil water potential in different depth had the similar change tendency,but there were great differences among the variation range.Soil layer in 0-20cm,20-40cm,40-60cm had the biggest water potential gradient from June to September,and the soil water potential was lowest in August.The discending order in water consumption speed from May to October of
Larix principi-rupprechtii
was June,May,July,August,September,October,and the water consumption was 20.3%,25.4%,20.1%,18.6%,15.1%,10.7% of the growth season respectively.For Larix principi-rupprechtii forest,there was a distinct water shortage happened in earlier stage of growth season,and there was enough water at the later stage of growth season.There was a remarkable difference in water consumption speeds under the different soil water potential. The transpiration in the water enough conditions was higher than in the water shortage conditions significantly,besides,there was a significant relationship between the soil water potential at 20cm and 60cm depths and the sap flow change during the stage of water shortage.It could be concluded that the difference in transpiration consumption is caused by the soil water shortage,and the soil moisture at the earlier stage of growth season is very important for the growth of Larix princip-irupprechtii.
2010 Vol. 8 (1): 93-98 [
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99
LIN Meng-Ta-；Sun-Hu
Research on soil and water conservation measures in tourism island of Fujian Province:Take Meizhoudao Island,the Mazu holy land as an example
The tourism island as the major tourism destination in Fujian Province,is attracted by tourists of all ages because of its a unique attractions of tourism and tourism environment.Soil erosion caused by tourism unreasonable development has reduced the quality of tourist landscape and environmental in the island,in which we must pay great attention to it.The article takes the Meizhoudao Island as an example and analyses the current situation of soil erosion and its impact on the development of tourism there.The principle of soil and water conservation and the measures such as vegetative,engineering,policy and others of the six specific aspects are put forward.The positive cycle that is "the tourism promotes the soil and water conservation,the soil and water conservation promotes the tourism" will be realized.
2010 Vol. 8 (1): 99-104 [
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1356
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105
BIAN Zhen-；Zhang-Ke-Bin
Review of the research on desertification assessment in China
An accurate desertification assessment with comprehensiveness and timeliness could be helpful to the making of efficient measures for the desertification combating.China is one of the countries suffering severe desertification in the world.This paper comprehensively summarized the research achievements about desertification assessment index system,methods and benchmark during the last 30 years, pointed out that assessment index system based on the principles of landscape ecology and remote sensing technology had become a research hotspot in recent years.However,the problems of indefinite selection criteria of indicators,subjective grade threshold and lack of credibility on assessment results were still unresolved.After the review of strengths and weaknesses of assessment models,including Euclidean distance method and desertification index,etc.,it was pointed out that desertification assessment methods combining with the landscape ecology and 3S technologies have gradually presented the features of multi-scale,quantitative and convenient in recent years while the reliability still need to be verified.The main points of desertification benchmark were introduced and the goal of desertification control was proposed to be selected as a benchmark.
2010 Vol. 8 (1): 105-112 [
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113
LI Wei-；Liu-Xiao-Ying-；Xu-Bing-Feng-；Tun-Bao-Sheng
Review of soil erosion research in UK
Soil erosion and the corresponding environmental and ecological impacts have progressively been the impediments to the sustainable development of the human society.Thus the soil erosion mechanism and its prediction as well as the protection have been the focuses of research community.This paper systematically reviews the current status and mechanism of soil erosion,state-of-the-art of quantitative predictive modeling as well as outcomes of soil conservation in the United Kingdom in the past several years.The fruitful research results and technologies deserve considerable attention and can serve as invaluable references for further research and control of soil erosion in China.
2010 Vol. 8 (1): 113-118 [
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119
DU Jiang-；Zhang-Yong-Chao
Review of close-to-nature forestry management technology in China
This paper presents a review on the concept,definition and features of close-to-nature forestry,and expounds each link of the close-to-nature forestry management technology system based on the field investigation,data treatment,drawing biotope graph,division of forest successional stage,nature closeness evaluation,target tree single plant tending management,design of forest development type,forest dynamic monitoring and evaluation.The practice situations and achievements of the close-to-nature forestry management technology in each regions of China are described detailedly.Finally,according to the actual conditions of china,some suggestions on the development of the close-to-nature forestry in China are put forward.
2010 Vol. 8 (1): 119-124 [
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