Dynamic changes of soil erosion in Qiantang River Catchment from 2006 to 2015
LIANG Shizhengxiong1,2, FANG Haiyan1,2
1. Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China; 2. College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
Abstract：[Background] Understanding soil erosion is an important prerequisite to prevent land degradation, river siltation, and water pollution through implementing soil conservation measures. Large terrain fluctuation and strong rainfall intensity characterize the red soil region in southern China, where soil erosion is second only to the Chinese Loess Plateau. Acting as an economically developed area and an important fresh water area in Zhejiang province, the Qiantang River Catchment (QRC) suffers from severe soil loss. However, soil erosion characteristics, influencing factors, sediment sources, and their changes during the recent past years are seldom investigated. It is urgently required to identify the changing trend and influencing factors of soil erosion in the QRC. [Methods] Based on digital elevation model (DEM), soil property, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) derived via Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS), and rainfall datasets, the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) was used to simulate soil erosion during 2006—2015 in the QRC, and the spatio-temporal characteristics of soil erosion were analyzed. Then, the monitored sediment yield data was used to calibrate the estimated results. The soil erosion intensity index was further calculated to quantify the changing trends of soil erosion for different land use types. A regression model was also established to quantify the separate contributions of rainfall erosivity and land use to the changed rates of annual soil erosion [Results] 1) There were great spatial variations of soil erosion in the QRC. Because slight soil erosion (i.e., with soil erosion rate <500 t/(km2·a) dominated the study area, and higher erosion rates scattered the QRC, this kind of soil erosion was concealed and easily ignored. The soil erosion rate reached 1 605.82 t/(km2·a) in 2015 and was closely related to topographic factors and land use patterns. The total amount of soil loss reached 6 375.74×104 t in the QRC. Higher soil erosion rates occurred on the grass- and forest-lands, with slope gradients ranging from 15 to 35°. These lands were widely distributed in the QRC and should be the priority areas for future soil loss control. 2) In recent ten years, mainly affected by precipitation and vegetation cover, annual soil erosion rates in the QRC increased insignificantly. The contributions of annual rainfall erosivity and vegetation coverage to the increased soil erosion were 60% and 32%, respectively. Land use change in the study area benefited to soil loss control. However, it could not offset the impact of increased rainfall erosivity on soil erosion. 3) Soil erosion intensity index effectively reflected the impact of land use on soil erosion. Through assuming that rainfall erosivity remained constant in 2015, the soil erosion intensity indices in different land use types during 2006—2015 were calculated, and it was found that the unused- and grass-lands had high soil erosion intensity indices, which reached 248.6 and 214.37 respectively. Therefore, future implementation of soil conservation measures also should be strengthened on these lands. [Conclusions] The spatial variations of soil erosion and its annual changes during 2006—2015 were obtained by using RUSLE. Topographic factors and land use controlled its pattern of spatial variation, and rainfall erosivity and land use determined the annual changes of soil erosion. In the QTC, soil erosion mainly was from grass- and forest- lands on the steep slopes. In recent years, the unused land also experienced high soil erosion rate. More attentions should be paid to these types of lands in the future implementation of soil conservation measures.
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2020, Vol. 18 
