Spatial distribution characteristics and analysis of soil erosion under earthquake effect: A case study of Jiuzhaigou earthquake
XIA Bing1, FAN Xuanmei1, GUO Xiaojun2, YANG Fan1, ZOU Chengbin1, XIONG Kunyong1
1. State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, 610059; 2. Chengdu Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences Ministry of Water Resources, 610041:Chengdu, China
Abstract：[Background] The natural factors affecting soil erosion are soil, rainfall and vegetation. The structure and particle composition of the soil affect the soil's ability to resist erosion and erosion. When the soil is loose, the adhesion between particles is weak, and the structure is loose, it is susceptible to water erosion. The earthquake in Jiuzhaigou caused the mountain body to be broken, soil loose and vegetation destruction in Jiuzhaigou county, which greatly increased the probability of soil erosion in Jiuzhaigou County.[Methods] Based on GIS and USLE models, the soil erosion intensity in the disaster area before and after the earthquake was quantitatively calculated, and the soil erosion parameters before and after the earthquake were briefly compared and analyzed, and the areas affected by the earthquake were divided. Combined the regional statistical analysis (Zonal) with ArcGIS, the relationship between the spatial distribution of soil erosion in this area and the distance from the fault, slope, elevation and aspect were explored.[Results] 1) Compared with that before the earthquake, the erosion area after the earthquake increased by 8.1%, the total erosion increased by 28%, and the erosion intensity increased by 18.39%. In the erosion intensity category, the area proportion of slight, light and moderate erosion all decreased after the earthquake, while the area proportion of moderate and serious and above erosion increased.2) The closer the distance from the fault was, the larger the area of the earthquake prone was. As the distance from the fault increasing, the area of the easily-affected area decreased. In the easily-affected area, the increment of erosion intensity decreases sharply with the distance from the fault increasing. 3)The areas susceptible to earthquake in the study area mainly occured at elevations of 2 000-4 000 m, accounting for 99% of the total area. In the slope range of 30°-60°, the erosion area accounted for 89.25% of the total area of the susceptible area, respectively. The areas affected by earthquake were distributed in the north slope, the northeast slope and the southeast slope, the erosion area accounted for 61.07% of the total area.[Conclusion] The spatial distribution characteristics of soil erosion are closely related to the distance, elevation, slope and aspect of the fault. This result may provide a theoretical basis for soil and water conservation after the earthquake.
夏冰, 范宣梅, 郭晓军, 杨帆, 邹城彬, 熊坤勇. 地震效应下的土壤侵蚀空间分布特征及分析——以九寨沟地震为例[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2020, 18(1): 79-89.
XIA Bing, FAN Xuanmei, GUO Xiaojun, YANG Fan, ZOU Chengbin, XIONG Kunyong. Spatial distribution characteristics and analysis of soil erosion under earthquake effect: A case study of Jiuzhaigou earthquake. SSWC, 2020, 18(1): 79-89.
郭兵, 陶和平, 刘斌涛, 等. 基于GIS和USLE的汶川地震后理县土壤侵蚀特征及分析[J]. 农业工程学报, 2012, 28(14):118. GUO Bing, TAO Heping, LIU Bintao, et al. Characteristics and analysis of soil erosion in Li county after Wenchuan earthquake based on GIS and USLE[J]. Transactions of the CSAE, 2012, 28(14):118.
[2]
杨渺, 谢强, 谭晓蓉,等. 基于GIS/RS的地震灾区流域水土保持功能恢复效应评价[J]. 四川环境, 2013, 32(1):39. YANG Wei, XIE Qiang, TAN Xiaorong, et al. Evaluation of soil and water conservation function restoration effect in the earthquake disaster area based on GIS/RS[J]. Sichuan Environment, 2013, 32(1):39.
[3]
司渤洋, 第宝锋, 张斌, 等. 基于GIS的汶川地震灾区小流域土壤侵蚀评价:以彭州龙门山区为例[J]. 山地学报, 2011, 29(4):433. SI Weiyang, DIE Baofeng, ZHANG Bin, et al. Evaluation of soil erosion in small watershed based on GIS in Wenchuan earthquake:A case study of longmen mountainous area in Pengzhou[J]. Journal of Mountain Science, 2011, 29(4):433.
[4]
曾红娟, 杨胜天, 高云飞, 等. 基于知识库和空间信息耦合模型的北川县震后土壤侵蚀分析[J]. 遥感学报, 2008, 12(6):908. ZENG Hongjuan, YANG Shengtian, GAO Yunfei, et al. Analysis of post-earthquake soil erosion in Beichuan county based on knowledge base and spatial information coupling model[J]. Journal of Remote Sensing, 2008, 12(6):908.
[5]
LIN W T, LIN C Y, CHOU W C. Assessment of vegetation recovery and soil erosion at landslides caused by a catastrophic earthquake:A case study in central Taiwan[J]. Ecological Engineering, 2006, 28(1):79.
[6]
BATJES N H. Global assessment of land vulnerability to water erosion on a one half degree by one half degree grid[J]. Land Degradation & Development,1996, 7(4):353.
[7]
刘宝元,谢云,张科利,等.土壤侵蚀预报模型[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,2001:143-149. LIU Baoyuan, XIE Yun, ZHANG Keli, et al. Soil erosion prediction model[M]. Beijing:China Science and Technology Press, 2001:143-149.
[8]
卜兆宏,唐万龙,杨林章,等.水土流失定量遥感方法新进展及其在太湖流域的应用[J].土壤学报,2003,40(1):1. BU Zhaohong, TANG Wanlong, YANG Linzhang, et al. New progress in quantitative remote sensing methods for soil erosion and its application in Taihu Lake Basin[J]. Acta Soil Sinica, 2003,40(1):1.
[9]
黄炎和, 卢程隆, 付勤, 等. 闽东南土壤流失预报研究[J]. 水土保持学报,1993,7(4):13. HUANG Yanhe, LU Chenglong, FU Qin, et al. Study on soil loss prediction in southeastern Guizhou[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 1993, 7(4):13.
[10]
周伏建,陈明华,林福兴,等.福建省土壤流失预报研究[J].水土保持学报,1995,9(1):25. ZHOU Fujian, CHEN Minghua, LIN Fuxing, et al. Study on soil loss prediction in Fujian province[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 1995, 9(1):25.
[11]
耿豪鹏, 潘保田, 王超,等. 基于GIS与USLE的榆中县土壤侵蚀[J]. 兰州大学学报(自然科学版), 2009,45(6):8. GENG Haopeng, PAN Baotian, WANG Chao, et al. Soil erosion in Yuzhong county based on GIS and USLE[J]. Journal of Lanzhou University(Natural Sciences), 2009,45(6):8.
[12]
王娇,程维明,祁生林,等.基于USLE和GIS的水土流失敏感性空间分析:以河北太行山区为例[J]. 地理研究,2014,33(4):614. WANG Jiao, CHENG Weiming, QI Shenglin, et al. Spatial analysis of soil and water loss sensitivity based on USLE and GIS:Taking Taihang mountain area in Hebei province as an example[J]. Geographical Research, 2014, 33(4):614.
[13]
赵磊, 袁国林, 张琰. 基于GIS和USLE模型对滇池宝象河流域土壤侵蚀量的研究[J]. 水土保持通报,2007,27(3):42. ZHAO Lei, YUAN Guolin, ZHANG Wei. Study on soil erosion of Baoxiang river basin in Dianchi lake based on GIS and USLE Model[J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation, 2007,26(3):42.
[14]
国务院第一次全国水利普查领导小组办公室.第一次全国水利普查培训教材之六:水土保持情况普查[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2010 The First National Water Resources Census Leading Group Office of the State Council. The first national water conservancy census training material 6:Soil and water conservation survey[M]. Beijing:China Water Resources and Hydropower Press, 2010.
[15]
林致远, 尹平. 九寨沟土壤发生及地理分布规律研究[J]. 西南师范大学学报(自然科学版), 1994(1):90. LIN Zhiyuan, YIN Ping. Study on the occurrence and geographical distribution of soil in Jiuzhaigou[J]. Journal of Southwest China Normal University(Natural Science), 1994(1):90.
[16]
WISCHMEIER W H,JOHNSON C B,CROSS B V.A soil erodibility nomograph for farm land and construction sites[J].Journal of Soiland Water Conservation,1971,26:189.
[17]
卜兆宏, 李全英. 土壤可蚀性(K)值图编制方法的初步研究[J]. 遥感技术与应用, 1994(4):22. BU Zhaohong, LI Quanying. Preliminary study on the compilation method of soil erodibility (K) value map[J]. Remote Sensing Technology and Application, 1994(4):22.
[18]
汤国安, 赵牡丹, 李天文, 等. DEM提取黄土高原地面坡度的不确定性[J]. 地理学报, 2003, 58(6):824. TANG Guoan, ZHAO Mudan, LI Tianwen, et al. Uncertainty of ground slope extraction from Loess Plateau[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2003, 58(6):824.
[19]
陈楠, 王钦敏, 汤国安. 黄土高原丘坡信息DEM提取算法的应用[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2006, 8(3):69. CHEN Nan, WANG Qinmin, TANG Guoan. application of DEM extraction algorithm for hilly slope information in Loess Plateau[J]. Journal of Earth Information Science, 2006, 8(3):69.
[20]
RENARD K G, FOSTER G R, WEESIES G A, et al. Predicting soil erosion by water:A guide to conservation planning with the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE).[J]. Agricultural Handbook, 1997.
[21]
LIU B Y, NEARING M A, RISSE L M. Slope gradient effects on soil loss for steep slopes[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 2000, 64(5):1759.
[22]
周正朝, 上官周平. 土壤侵蚀模型研究综述[J]. 中国水土保持科学,2004,2(1):52. ZHOU Zhengchao, SHANGGUAN Zhou Ping. Review of soil erosion model research[J]. China Soil and Water Conservation Science, 2004,2(1):52.
[23]
蔡崇法,丁树文,史志华,等.应用USLE模型与地理信息系统IDRISI预测小流域土壤侵蚀量的研究[J].水土保持学报,2000,14(2):19. CAI Chongfa,DING Shuwen,SHI Zhihua, et al.Application of USLE model and geographic information system IDRISI to predict soil erosion in small watersheds[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2000,14(2):19.
[24]
李渝生, 黄超, 易树健, 等. 九寨沟7.0级地震的地震断裂及震源破裂的构造动力学机理研究[J]. 工程地质学报, 2017,25(4):1141. LI Yusheng, HUANG Chao, YI Shujian, et al. Structural dynamics of seismic faults and source fractures of Jiuzhaigou M7.0 earthquake[J]. Journal of Engineering Geology, 2017,25(4):1141.
[25]
戴岚欣, 许强, 范宣梅, 等. 2017年8月8日四川九寨沟地震诱发地质灾害空间分布规律及易发性评价初步研究[J]. 工程地质学报, 2017,25(4):1151. DAI Xinxin, XU Qiang, FAN Xuanmei, et al. Preliminary study on spatial distribution and susceptibility assessment of geological hazards induced by earthquakes in Jiuzhaigou, Sichuan, China on August 8, 2017[J]. Journal of Engineering Geology, 2017,25(04):1151.
2020, Vol. 18 
