黄土高原六道沟小流域近30年来土壤侵蚀变化评价

doi:10.16843/j.sswc.2020.01.002

摘要
图/表
参考文献
相关文章 (15)

全文: HTML (1 KB)
输出: BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)

摘要为了探讨退耕还林（草）工程对黄土高原六道沟小流域土壤侵蚀的影响，为黄土高原小流域土地利用规划与水土流失防治提供参考依据。结合航片、遥感影像与实地调查，采用土地利用转移矩阵与中国土壤流失方程（CSLE）分析黄土高原六道沟小流域1990—2017年近30年来的土地利用与土壤侵蚀时空变化。结果表明：1）1990—2017年间，小流域旱地持续减少，灌木林地、农村居民点和独立工矿用地持续增加，且2002年实施退耕还林（草）后，土地利用变化速率明显加快；2）近30年来小流域土壤侵蚀总体呈减弱趋势，年均土壤侵蚀模数从1990年的27.8 t/（hm²·a）减少至2017年的7.2 t/（hm²·a）；微度侵蚀面积占比不断增加，强烈及以上强度面积比例不断减小；3）各土地利用类型中，独立工矿用地侵蚀强度最大，旱地次之，草地和灌木林地最小。研究结果证实，退耕还林（草）工程对六道沟小流域的土壤侵蚀起到了显著的遏制作用。

	服务

	把本文推荐给朋友
	加入我的书架
	加入引用管理器
	E-mail Alert
	RSS
	作者相关文章
	黄婷婷
	史扬子
	曹琦
	王丽娟
	杨扬
	刘宝元

关键词 ：土壤侵蚀, 土地利用, 中国土壤流失方程(CSLE), 退耕还林(草), 黄土高原

Abstract：[Background] The Grain for Green Project has been implemented for approximately 20 years, aiming to alleviate flooding and soil erosion across China. It is required to systematically evaluate its impact on soil erosion of the small catchments in the Loess Plateau of China, which has long been characterized by severe water scarcity and serious soil erosion.[Methods] Field investigation was combined with aerial photographs and remote sensing images to acquire the distributions of various land uses as well as diverse soil and water conservation practices in the Liudaogou catchment in 1990, 1995, 2002, 2010 and 2017. Land use transition matrices were employed to evaluate the spatio-temporal variations of land use during the nearly 30 years from 1990 to 2017, and soil erosion of the small catchment was assessed using the Chinese Soil Loss Equation (CSLE) integrating rainfall erosivity factor (R), soil erodibility factor (K), slope length factor (L), slope steepness factor (S), biological control factor (B), engineering control factor (E) and tillage factor (T). The value of R was acquired using the daily rainfall data of Shenmu, Shaanxi province during 1957-2014, K was obtained from the First National Water Conservancy Census and further calibrated using the runoff plot data, L and S were extracted from the 1:10 000 topographic map, B was estimated by vegetation coverage that derived from remote sensing products, and the values of E and T were assigned according to the related outcome of the First National Water Conservancy Census.[Results] 1) The land use pattern substantially changed during 1990-2017, with the area of dryland persistently decreasing, and the areas of shrubland, rural residential land as well as industrial and mining land continuously increasing. Besides, the land use change apparently accelerated since the local implementation of the Grain for Green Project in 2002. 2) In accordance with land use change, soil erosion generally weakened in the past 30 years, with the annual soil erosion rate decreasing by 74.1%, i.e., from 27.8 t/(hm²·a) in 1990 to 7.2 t/(hm²·a) in 2017. Considering soil erosion intensity classes, the proportion of slight erosion was persistently increasing, whereas, the severe, extremely severe and most severe erosion occupied less and less areas. The area percentages of the latter three classes were only 2.6% in total in 2017. 3) Among the land use types investigated, the industrial and mining land suffered from the most serious erosion, followed by dryland, and the grassland and shrubland possessed the least soil erosion rates.[Conclusions] The results demonstrate the critical role of the Grain for Green Project in inhibiting soil erosion in the Liudaogou catchment, which holds important implications for land use planning and soil and water conservation in the small catchments of the Loess Plateau, and perhaps other arid and semiarid regions.

Key words： soil erosion land use Chinese soil loss equation (CSLE) Grain for Green Project Loess Plateau

收稿日期: 2019-01-14

PACS:

S157.1

基金资助:国家自然科学基金"黄土高原关键带植被—侵蚀相互作用及其对碳氮循环的影响"（41571130082），"黄土高原小流域退耕还林（草）对切沟侵蚀的影响及其演变"（41601277）；地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室资助项目"基于SfM摄影测量法的黄土高原水蚀风蚀交错区沟蚀特征研究"（2017-ZY-09）

通讯作者: 杨扬(1987-),女,博士,讲师。主要研究方向:土壤侵蚀与非点源污染。E-mail:yang.yang@bnu.edu.cn E-mail: yang.yang@bnu.edu.cn

作者简介: 黄婷婷(1994-),女,硕士研究生。主要研究方向:土壤侵蚀与水土保持。E-mail:tingting.occ@163.com

引用本文:

黄婷婷, 史扬子, 曹琦, 王丽娟, 杨扬, 刘宝元. 黄土高原六道沟小流域近30年来土壤侵蚀变化评价[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2020, 18(1): 8-17.
HUANG Tingting, SHI Yangzi, CAO Qi, WANG Lijuan, YANG Yang, LIU Baoyuan. Soil erosion evaluation of Liudaogou catchment in the Loess Plateau during the past 30 years. SSWC, 2020, 18(1): 8-17.

链接本文:

http://journal12.magtechjournal.com/Jweb_stbc/CN/10.16843/j.sswc.2020.01.002 或 http://journal12.magtechjournal.com/Jweb_stbc/CN/Y2020/V18/I1/8

[1]	FU Bojie, WANG Yafeng, LU Yihe, et al. The effects of land-use combinations on soil erosion:A case study in the Loess Plateau of China[J]. Progress in Physical Geography, 2009, 33(6):793.
[2]	俱战省, 文安邦, 严冬春, 等. 基于GIS和RUSLE的三峡库区小流域土壤侵蚀量估算研究[J]. 地球与环境, 2015, 43(3):331. JU Zhansheng, WEN Anbang, YAN Dongchun, et al. Estimation of soil erosion in small watershed of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region based on GIS and RUSLE[J]. Earth and Environment, 2015, 43(3):331.
[3]	秦伟, 朱清科, 张岩. 基于GIS和RUSLE的黄土高原小流域土壤侵蚀评估[J]. 农业工程学报, 2009, 25(8):157. QIN Wei, ZHU Qingke, ZHANG Yan. Soil erosion assessment of small watershed in Loess Plateau based on GIS and RUSLE[J]. Transactions of the CSAE, 2009, 25(8):157.
[4]	马亚亚, 王杰, 张超, 等. 基于CSLE模型的陕北纸坊沟流域土壤侵蚀评价[J]. 水土保持通报, 2018, 38(6):95. MA Yaya, WANG Jie, ZHANG Chao, et al. Evaluation of soil erosion based on CSLE model in Zhifanggou watershed of northern Shaanxi province[J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation, 2018, 38(6):95.
[5]	LIU Baoyuan, ZHANG Keli, XIE Yun. An empirical soil loss equation[C]//Proceedings 12th international soil conservation organization conference. Vol. III. Tsinghua University Press. Beijing, China, 2002, 2:15.
[6]	刘春利, 邵明安. 六道沟流域典型坡面不同土地利用方式下土壤水分动态变化研究[J]. 中国生态农业学报, 2006, 14(4):54. LIU Chunli, SHAO Ming'an. Studies on dynamic changes of water contents of soil under different land uses in Liudaogou basin[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2006, 14(4):54.
[7]	马瞳宇. 水蚀风蚀交错区典型小流域土壤侵蚀特征时空变化及对景观格局响应[D]. 陕西杨凌:西北农林科技大学, 2012:21. MA Tongyu. Temporal and spatial changes of soil erosion characteristics and its response to landscape pattern in small watershed in water-wind erosion crisscross region, China[D].Yangling, Shaanxi:Northwest A&F University, 2012:21.
[8]	唐克丽, 侯庆春, 王斌科, 等. 黄土高原水蚀风蚀交错带和神木试区的环境背景及整治方向[J]. 水土保持研究, 1993(2):2. TANG Keli, HOU Qingchun, WANG Binke, et al. The environment background and administration way of wind-water erosion crisscross region and Shenmu experimental area on the Loess Plateau[J]. Research of Soil and Water Conservation, 1993(2):2.
[9]	王斌科, 唐克丽, 张科利, 等. 神木六道沟流域的土壤侵蚀类型强度及其分异规律[J]. 水土保持研究, 1993(2):57. WANG Binke, TANG Keli, ZHANG Keli, et al. Types and intensity of soil erosion and its temporal and spatial distribution in Liudaogou watershed, Shenmu county[J]. Research of Soil and Water Conservation, 1993(2):57.
[10]	张晓萍, 李锐, 杨勤科. 基于RS/GIS的生态脆弱区土地利用适宜性评价[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2004, 2(4):30. ZHANG Xiaoping, LI Rui, YANG Qinke. Evaluation of land use suitability at the vulnerable ecological area based on RS/GIS[J]. Science of Soil and Water Conservation, 2004, 2(4):30.
[11]	王秀兰, 包玉海. 土地利用动态变化研究方法探讨[J]. 地理科学进展, 1999, 18(1):81. WANG Xiulan, BAO Yuhai. Study on the methods of land use dynamic change research[J]. Progress in Geography, 1999, 18(1):81.
[12]	国务院第一次全国水利普查领导小组办公室. 第一次全国水利普查培训教材之六:水土保持情况普查[M]. 北京:中国水利水电出版社, 2010:226. Office of the First National Leadership Group of the National Water Resources Census of the State Council. Sixth training materials for the first national water conservancy census:A survey of soil and water conservation[M]. Beijing:China Water & Power Press, 2010:226.
[13]	梁音, 刘宪春, 曹龙熹, 等. 中国水蚀区土壤可蚀性K值计算与宏观分布[J]. 中国水土保持, 2013(10):35. LIANG Yin, LIU Xianchun, CAO Longxi, et al.K Value calculation of soil erodibility of China water erosion areas and its macro-distribution[J]. Soil and Water Conservation in China, 2013(10):35.
[14]	FOSTER G R, WISCHMEIER W H. Evaluating irregular slopes for soil loss prediction[J]. Transactions of the ASAE, 1974, 17(2):305.
[15]	刘宝元, 毕小刚, 符素华, 等. 北京土壤流失方程[M]. 北京:科学出版社, 2010:60. LIU Baoyuan, BI Xiaogang, FU Suhua, et al. Beijing soil loss equation[M]. Beijing:Science Press, 2010:60.
[16]	MCCOOL D K, BROWN L C, FOSTER G R, et al. Revised slope steepness factor for the Universal Soil Loss Equation[J]. Transactions of the ASAE, 1987, 30(5):1387.
[17]	LIU Baoyuan, NEARING M A, RISSE L M. Slope gradient effects on soil loss for steep slopes[J]. Transactions of the ASAE, 1994, 37(6):1835.
[18]	GUO Qiankun, LIU Baoyuan, XIE Yun, et al. Estimation of USLE crop and management factor values for crop rotation systems in China[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2015, 14(9):1877.
[19]	水利部黄河水利委员会. 黄河泥沙公报[R/OL]. 2018. http://www.yrcc.gov.cn/nishagonggao. Yellow River Conservancy Commission of MWR. Yellow river sediment bulletin[R/OL]. 2018. http://www.yrcc.gov.cn/nishagonggao.
[20]	许炯心, 孙季. 水土保持措施对流域泥沙输移比的影响[J]. 水科学进展, 2004, 15(1):29. XU Jiongxin, SUN Ji. Effect of erosion control measures on sediment delivery ratio[J]. Advances inWater Science, 2004, 15(1):29.
[21]	水利部. 土壤侵蚀分类分级标准:SL190-2007[S]. 2008:8. Ministry of Water Resources of the People's Republic of China. Standards for classification and gradation of soil erosion:SL190-2007[S]. 2008:8.
[22]	佘冬立. 黄土高原水蚀风蚀交错带小流域植被恢复的水土环境效应研究[D]. 北京:中国科学院研究生院(教育部水土保持与生态环境研究中心), 2009:104. SHE Dongli. Soil-water environmental effects of revegetation in a small catchment in the wind-water erosion crisscross zone of the Loess Plateau[D]. Beijing:Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Research Center for Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Environment, Ministry of Education), 2009:104.