Response of soil moisture content to precipitation under different vegetation coverages
ZHOU Zhuangzhuang1, REN Zongping1,2, LI Peng1,2, XIE Mengyao1, LI Zhanbin1,2, XU Guoce1,2
1. State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi'an University of Technology, 710048, Xi'an, China; 2. Key Laboratory of National Forestry Administration on Ecological Hydrology and Disaster Prevention in Arid Regions, Xi'an University of Technology, 710048, Xi'an, China
Abstract：[Background] Soil moisture content is one of the key factors in the Loess Plateau for managing the vegetation ecosystem, and the response characteristics of soil moisture to precipitation under different vegetation cover have important theoretical significance for the sustainable development of regional vegetation. [Methods] The soil content were measured each hour by the multi-depth soil moisture instrument (ET100-5AH) in three slopes with vegetation coverages at 30%, 70% and 90% respectively in the 2017. And also, the hourly rainfall data was collected from the local weather station for studying the relationship between the soil content and rainfall. Then, the threshold affecting soil moisture content change was defined in different rainfall conditions. Based on those data, the rainfall events were classed 4 groups by the rainfall characters, such as rainfall volume, the rainfall duration, and so on. The difference of soil contents under the different vegetation conditions were analyzed, then the soil moisture response relationship of precipitation was furthered studied to define the thresholds that affected soil moisture changes under different rainfall conditions. The soil content changed corresponding to the storm heavy rainfall was specially studied. [Results] 1) The threshold for rainfall volume that affected the soil moisture content of the layer 10, 20, 40, 60 and 80 cm depths were more than 6.8, 12.6, 41.2, 43.8 and 83.0 mm respectively. 2) Under the process of continuous precipitation with low initial intensity, the soil moisture content of the medium cover grassland B was higher than that of the low cover grassland A, and that of high cover mix woodland C was the lowest,the response of soil moisture content of grassland within 1-4 h of precipitation appeared. 3) The response time of 0-100 cm depth soil moisture content of the mixed forest to storm rainfall was longer than of the low cover grassland A and the medium cover grassland B. 4) The minimum value of primary precipitation triggering the response of soil moisture content for the medium B and the low cover grassland A was the same (0.2 mm), while the response of the high cover mix woodland C required higher precipitation and soil moisture content (1.0 mm). [Conclusions] Long duration storm with higher peak intensity are conductive for the soil infiltration and soil moisture accumulation. Then this rainfall pattern is the main source of replenishment soil moisture content for this study area. The soil content of high-coverage is generally lower than that of low-coverage, and the soil infiltration volume has the similar trend with the soil moisture content. Considering the limited rainfall in this area and the soil moisture content, the grass planting may be more suitable for the protecting local water soil resources.
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2020, Vol. 18 
