黄土高原小流域产沙性降雨标准分析

doi:10.16843/j.sswc.2019.03.002

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摘要为确定黄土高原小流域的产沙性降雨标准，提高小流域尺度降雨侵蚀力计算和侵蚀产沙预报精度，采用降雨量与产沙累积比例拟合的方法，拟定黄土高原20个小流域的产沙性降雨雨量标准，并探讨其对小流域下垫面特征的响应。结果表明：1）研究小流域产沙性降雨雨量标准变化范围为7.48~33.51 mm；2）黄土丘陵沟壑区非治理、黄土丘陵沟壑区和黄土高塬沟壑区治理以及黄土高塬沟壑区林区小流域的产沙性降雨标准分别为7.5~14.0，14.0~16.8以及33.5 mm；3）治理小流域的产沙性降雨标准均大于与其对比的非治理小流域；4）小流域的产沙性降雨标准随着下垫面特征的改变发生动态变化，治理程度越高，产沙性降雨标准越大。黄土高原不同小流域产沙性降雨标准差异较大，小流域水土流失治理是影响产沙性降雨标准的主要因素。本研究可以为小流域降雨侵蚀力计算和侵蚀产沙预报提供参考，并为小流域水土保持效益评价提供依据。

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	焦菊英

关键词 ：小流域, 产沙性降雨标准, 产沙模数, 黄土高原

Abstract：[Background] Soil erosion has been recognized as the most important environmental problems worldwide. Rainfall is acknowledged as the direct dynamic factor of soil erosion on the Loess Plateau. The obtainment of erosive rainfall standard is essential in calculating rainfall erosivity and predicting soil erosion. But not all of the sediment caused by rainfall will arrive the outlet section of small watershed (<100 km²), thus the rainfall event under which sediment can reach to the outlet section of small watershed is called sediment generating rainfall of small watershed. There have been extensive studies on erosive rainfall standard on the Loess Plateau, but the research on the standard of sediment generating rainfall has been rarely reported.[Methods] On the basis of the observation of 20 small watersheds on the Loess Plateau, we determined the standards of sediment generating rainfall in small watersheds by fitting the regression relationship between rainfall amount calculated with area weighting factor method and the proportion of cumulative sediment yield to the total sediment yield at the inter-event timescale based on observations of not less than five years. The amount standards were obtained by the regression relationship when the proportion was given to 95%. Besides, the response of the standards of sediment generating rainfall to underlying surface conditions of small watersheds were also analyzed.[Results] 1) The amount standards of sediment generating rainfall in 20 small watersheds ranged from 7.48 to 33.51 mm. 2) In the Loess Hilly-gully Region, the amount standards of sediment generating rainfall in ungoverned watersheds and governed watersheds were 7.5-14.0 mm and 15.6-16.4 mm respectively. In the Loess Plateau-gully Region, the amount standards of sediment generating rainfall in governed and forested watersheds were 14.1-16.8 mm and 33.5 mm respectively. 3) The amount standards of sediment generating rainfall in governed watersheds were all higher than those of their paired ungoverned watersheds. In small watersheds with larger area, the implementation of soil and water conservation such as check dams and reservoirs significantly increased the amount standards of sediment generating rainfall. While, in smaller watersheds, soil and water measures in slope (such as revegetation and terraces) also increased the amount standards of sediment generating rainfall. 4) The amount standard of sediment generating rainfall in one watershed was not a fixed value, varying dynamically with the modification of underlying surface conditions.[Conclusions] There is a large difference in the amount standards of sediment generating rainfall in different watersheds. In general, the amount standards of sediment generating rainfall will increase with the soil and water conservation in small watersheds. This study may provide valuable information for calculating rainfall erosivity and improve the prediction accuracy of sediment yield in small watershed scale. The results of this study can also provide a reference for the evaluation of soil and water conservation benefits on the Loess Plateau.

Key words： small watershed the rainfall standard while sediment occuring specific sediment yield Loess Plateau

收稿日期: 2018-07-03

PACS:

S157.1

基金资助:国家自然科学基金面上项目"黄丘区流域泥沙连通性对降雨与人类活动的响应机制"（41771319）

通讯作者: 焦菊英(1965-),女,博士,研究员。主要研究方向:流域侵蚀产沙,土壤侵蚀与植被关系及水土保持效益评价。E-mail:jyjiao@ms.iswc.ac.cn E-mail: jyjiao@ms.iswc.ac.cn

作者简介: 梁越(1992-),男,博士研究生。主要研究方向:土壤侵蚀与水土保持。E-mail:ly8868130@163.com

引用本文:

梁越, 焦菊英. 黄土高原小流域产沙性降雨标准分析[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2019, 17(3): 8-14.
LIANG Yue, JIAO Juying. Analysis on rainfall standards while sediment occurring in small watersheds on the Loess Plateau. SSWC, 2019, 17(3): 8-14.

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http://journal12.magtechjournal.com/Jweb_stbc/CN/10.16843/j.sswc.2019.03.002 或 http://journal12.magtechjournal.com/Jweb_stbc/CN/Y2019/V17/I3/8

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