水碳控制条件对闽楠叶片气孔特征和气体交换参数的影响

doi:10.16843/j.sswc.2019.03.001

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摘要通过模拟实验，探究水碳控制条件对闽楠（Phoebe bournei）叶片气孔特征和气体交换参数影响的潜在机制。利用人工培养箱，控制其他环境条件均一，设置4种CO₂浓度梯度和2种土壤含水量梯度将闽楠幼树进行培养（4个月）。研究表明：1）高CO₂浓度引起闽楠叶片尖部、中部和尾部气孔密度下降，田间持水量处理下的气孔密度高于干旱处理，且CO₂浓度越高，不同水分梯度下气孔密度的差异越大。2）同一土壤水分梯度下，CO₂浓度每升高100×10^-6，气孔张开的比例仅减少2%~4%，而不同土壤水分梯度，气孔张开比例的范围为15%~50%。3）CO₂浓度与闽楠叶片净光合反应速率、蒸腾速率和水分利用效率呈指数关系，且在田间持水量处理下，三者对CO₂浓度的响应比干旱胁迫下更迅速，而水分梯度对叶片各气体交换参数响应较弱。闽楠叶片气孔密度、气体交换参数对CO₂浓度响应的敏感性高于土壤水分，而气孔张开程度和气孔导度对土壤水分响应更强烈。

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	贾剑波
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关键词 ：土壤水分, CO₂浓度, 气孔导度, 水分利用效率, 闽楠

Abstract：[Background] It is of great significance to study the changes of plant physiological parameters under climate change for soil and water conservation and vegetation restoration. Phoebe bournei is a unique and rare species in China. It needs to live in a place with better site conditions. Thus, how to adjust the relationship between transpiration and photosynthesis of P. bournei to adapt to changes in soil moisture and CO₂ concentration, under global climate change, is an urgent problem to be solved. In order to understand the underlining mechanisms of effects of CO₂ concentration and soil moisture on leaf stomatal traits and gas exchange parameters of Phoebe bournei, indoor simulated experiments were conducted.[Methods] Utilizing artificial incubators, 4 CO₂ concentrations (400, 500, 600, and 800×10^-6) and 2 soil moisture gradients (14%-16% (drought) and 25%-27% (field capacity)), a total of eight water-carbon control conditions were set to cultivate 5-year-old P. bournei for 4 months. The new leaves were collected to measure the indicators, including stomatal density, opening extent of stomatal, stomatal conductance, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and intercellular CO₂ concentration. Meanwhile, water use efficiency was calculated.[Results] 1) The response of leaf stomatal density to CO₂ concentration was more sensitive than to soil moisture gradient. High CO₂ concentration resulted in the reduction of stomatal density of leaves in tip, middle and tail. The stomatal density was higher in field capacity than drought. The higher the CO₂ concentration was, the greater the difference of stoma density under different moisture gradient was. 2) The sensitivity of stomata opening extent to soil moisture response was higher than that of CO₂ concentration. Under the same soil moisture gradient, for every 100×10^-6 increase of CO₂ concentration, the proportion of pore opening decreased only about 2%-4%. With different soil moisture gradient, the range of stoma opening ratio was around 15%-50%. 3) CO₂ concentration had strong influences on the net photosynthetic reaction rate, transpiration rate and water use efficiency of Phoebe bournei. They showed exponential relationships with CO₂ concentration. Especially in field capacity, the response relationship was faster than under drought. However, the effects of soil moisture gradient on leaves gas exchange parameters were weaker.[Conclusions] The sensitivity of stomatal density and gas exchange parameters of Phoebe bournei to CO₂ concentration was higher than that to soil water. However, stomatal opening extent and conductance responded more strongly to soil moisture.

Key words： soil moisture CO₂ concentration stomatal conductance water use efficiency Phoebe bournei

收稿日期: 2018-08-20

PACS:

S157.1

基金资助:国家自然科学基金青年基金"森林冠层-大气界面水汽输出阻力模型研究"（41807162）；中南林业科技大学青年科学研究基金项目"南方丘陵区典型水土保持乔木种耗水规律研究"（QJ2017001Z）

通讯作者: 王忠诚(1970-),男,副教授,硕士生导师。主要研究方向:水土保持。E-mail:wzc366@163.com E-mail: wzc366@163.com

作者简介: 贾剑波(1988-),男,博士,讲师。主要研究方向:森林水文与水土保持。E-mail:jotham880303@163.com

引用本文:

贾剑波, 刘文娜, 文仕知, 王忠诚. 水碳控制条件对闽楠叶片气孔特征和气体交换参数的影响[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2019, 17(3): 1-7.
JIA Jianbo, LIU Wenna, WEN Shizhi, WANG Zhongcheng. Effects of CO₂ concentration and soil moisture on leaf stomatal traits and gas exchange parameters of Phoebe bournei. SSWC, 2019, 17(3): 1-7.

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