Analysis of snowmelt runoff and its formation condition in typical small watersheds in the northern black soil region of Northeast China
YANG Xin, LIU Gang, XIE Yun, GAO Xiaofei, WANG Xiangying, WANG Da'an, XING Wanjun
Faculty of Geographical Science, State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, 100875, Beijing, China
Abstract：[Background] The forecast and formation condition of snowmelt runoff is very significative to understand the process of snowmelt erosion in the northern black soil region of Northeast China. Many studies have focused on the characteristics of snowmelt runoff, however, and the study on the formation condition of snowmelt runoff is deficient.[Methods] Based on the observed data of two small watersheds located in Hesan Farm, Heilongjiang province, the formula of effective accumulated temperature on the initial day of snowmelt is established,regression method was used to establish the functional relationship between snowmelt runoff depth and accumulated snowfall in the winter half year and accumulated rainfall in the autumn,and the functional relationship between effective accumulated temperature and snowfall. The occurrence conditions of snowmelt runoff were established by the above equations and indexes. The data include the daily temperature and snowfall of weather station located in the Hebei watershed from 2005 to 2015,and the spring snowmelt runoff of 2 weirs of small watersheds from 2005 to 2015.[Results] 1) The initial days of spring snowmelt runoff in the small watershed in the study area were mostly from late March to early April. The average snowmelt runoff depth of the study area was 11.9 mm from 2005 to 2015. In the year of snowmelt runoff, an increase of 1 mm in accumulated snowfall in the winter half year resulted in an increase of 0.9 mm in snowmelt runoff depth. 2) The regression equation between the snowmelt runoff depth D (mm) in spring and the accumulated snowfall in winter half year (Ps) and August-October rainfall (Pr) was D=0.91Ps+0.034Pr-21.02. Snowmelt runoff occured when both must meet D>0.3) Under the precondition that the accumulated snowfall reached the snowmelt runoff occurrence, the relationship between accumulated temperature (TA) above the thereshold temperature(-2.8℃) before snowmelt runoff occurred, and the accumulated snowfall in the winter half year (Ps) was regressed by a logarithmic function:TA=18.29ln(Ps)-10.78.[Conclusions] Whether snowmelt runoff occurs depends on accumulated snowfall in winter half year and accumulated rainfall in August to October. The snowmelt runoff depth can be expressed by a linear equation of the accumulated snowfall and rainfall. The initial day of snowmelt runoff occurrence can be calculated by threshold accumulated temperature. This study will help to forecast snowmelt runoff and guide agricultural production.
杨鑫, 刘刚, 谢云, 高晓飞, 王翔鹰, 王大安, 邢婉君. 东北黑土区北部典型小流域融雪径流及发生条件分析[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2019, 17(4): 34-40.
YANG Xin, LIU Gang, XIE Yun, GAO Xiaofei, WANG Xiangying, WANG Da'an, XING Wanjun. Analysis of snowmelt runoff and its formation condition in typical small watersheds in the northern black soil region of Northeast China. SSWC, 2019, 17(4): 34-40.
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2019, Vol. 17 
