黄土高原典型支流淤地坝拦沙对输沙量减少的贡献

doi:10.16843/j.sswc.2017.05.003

摘要
图/表
参考文献
相关文章 (15)

全文: HTML (1 KB)
输出: BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)

摘要为探明淤地坝拦沙作用对河流输沙量变化的影响，依据淤地坝作用年限、坝控面积、坝控流域侵蚀产沙模数及淤地坝排沙率，确定淤地坝拦沙量的估算方法，并结合2009年淤地坝安全大检查数据，分析黄土高原典型支流淤地坝拦沙对输沙量减少的贡献。延河与皇甫川淤地坝在不同年代的拦沙量分别在92.48万~854.35万t/a与36.47万~1 138.75万t/a之间，淤地坝拦沙量占人类活动影响的比例在一级和二级突变后分别为29.1%、28.5%与8.4%、18.2%；2000年以后延河与皇甫川输沙量减幅均达到85%以上，而淤地坝拦沙量的贡献率分别小于10%和20%。淤地坝的拦沙作用已不是目前输沙量减少的主要因素，但由于土壤侵蚀环境的不同，淤地坝在皇甫川对输沙量减少的贡献比在延河要大。

	服务

	把本文推荐给朋友
	加入我的书架
	加入引用管理器
	E-mail Alert
	RSS
	作者相关文章
	魏艳红
	焦菊英
	张世杰

关键词 ：淤地坝, 拦沙量, 土壤侵蚀, 输沙量, 延河, 皇甫川

Abstract：[Background] This work aims to ascertain the contribution of sediment retention by check-dams to sediment discharge reduction, and to further reveal the attribution of the water and sediment changes in the Yellow River and provide the decision-making basis of check-dam construction on the Loess Plateau.[Methods] The typical tributaries of Yanhe River in the loess hilly-gully region and Huangfuchuan River in the weathered sandstone hilly-gully (pisha) region were selected. On the basis of the safety survey database of check-dams in 2009, the operation period of check-dams, dams-controlled area, erosion-sediment yield modulus of dams-controlled watershed and sediment delivery ratio, the estimation method of the sediment retention were determined, and the contribution of sediment retention by check-dams to sediment discharge reduction in the typical tributaries on the Loess Plateau was analyzed.[Results]The average annual retained sediment amount by check-dams in different decades during 1960-2015 in the Yanhe watershed ranged from 0.92 million t/a to 8.54 million t/a, in which the maximum appeared in the 1980s, followed by the 1970s (7.89 million t/a), the minimum occurred in 2000-2009. While in the Huangfuchuan watershed, the average annual retained sediment amount in different decades varied from 0.36 million t/a to 11.39 million t/a, the maximum in 2010-2015, then 1990s (7.41 million t/a) and the minimum in 1960s. In addition, the results showed that the significant reduction of the annual sediment discharge in the Yanhe and Huangfuchuan watersheds (P<0.01) according to the Mann-Kendall trend test. On the basis of the Pettitt's abrupt test, the first transition year of the annual sediment discharge from 1955 to 2014 in the Yanhe and Huangfuchuan watersheds appeared in 1996 and 1984 (P<0.05), while the second transition year of the annual sediment discharge were in 2005 and 2003 (P<0.05), respectively. Meanwhile, the sediment discharge reduction after the abrupt change ranged from 18.25 million t/a to 42.20 million t/a in the Yanhe watershed and from 27.49 million t/a to 50.37 million t/a in the Huangfuchuan watershed, respectively. The influence of precipitation on sediment discharge reduction was weakened after abrupt change, while the effect of human activities was enhanced gradually. In addition, the contribution of sediment retention amount by check-dams to human activities in the Yanhe and Huangfuchuan tributaries were 29.1% and 28.5% after the first transition year, 8.4% and 18.2% after the second transition year, respectively. After 2000, the decreased sediment discharge was more than 85% in the Yanhe and Huangfuchuan tributaries, while the contribution of retained sediment amount by check-dams was less than 10% and 20%, respectively.[Conclusions] It showed that the effect of sediment retention by check-dams was not the main factor of sediment discharge reduction. Due to the different soil erosion environment, especially the differences in the vegetation restoration effect and proportion of dam-controlled area to watershed area, the contribution of check-dams on sediment discharge reduction in the Huangfuchuan tributary was greater than that in the Yanhe tributary.

Key words： check-dams sediment retained amount soil erosion sediment discharge Yanhe River Huangfuchuan River

收稿日期: 2017-01-23

PACS:

S157.9

基金资助:国家重点研发计划项目课题"黄土高原生态修复的土壤侵蚀效应与控制机制"（2016YFC0501604）；国家自然科学基金"黄丘区坡面退耕与淤地坝对坡沟系统侵蚀产沙的阻控机理"（41371280）；高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金"黄土丘陵沟壑区退耕坡面植被恢复对淤地坝拦淤潜力的影响"（20130204110025）

通讯作者: 焦菊英(1965-),女,博士,研究员,博士生导师。主要研究方向:流域侵蚀产沙,土壤侵蚀与植被关系及水土保持效益评价。E-mail:jyjiao@ms.iswc.ac.cn E-mail: jyjiao@ms.iswc.ac.cn

作者简介: 魏艳红(1988-),女,博士研究生。主要研究方向:土壤侵蚀与水土保持。E-mail:yhweigo@163.com

引用本文:

魏艳红¹, 焦菊英^1,2, 张世杰³. 黄土高原典型支流淤地坝拦沙对输沙量减少的贡献[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2017, 15(5): 16-22.
WEI Yanhong, JIAO Juying, ZHANG Shijie. Contribution of sediment retention by check-dams to sediment discharge reduction of typical tributaries on the Loess Plateau. SSWC, 2017, 15(5): 16-22.

链接本文:

http://journal12.magtechjournal.com/Jweb_stbc/CN/10.16843/j.sswc.2017.05.003 或 http://journal12.magtechjournal.com/Jweb_stbc/CN/Y2017/V15/I5/16

[1]	RAN Dachuan, LUO Quanhua, ZHOU Zuhao, et al. Sediment retention by check dams in the Hekouzhen-Longmen Section of the Yellow River[J]. International Journal of Sediment Research, 2008, 23:159.
[2]	JIN Zhao, CUI Buli, SONG Yi, et al. How many check dams do we need to build on the Loess Plateau[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2012, 46:8527.
[3]	中华人民共和国水利部. 第一次全国水利普查水土保持情况公报[J]. 中国水土保持, 2013(10):2. Ministry of Water Resources of P.R. China. Bulletin of soil and water conservation in the first national water conservancy census[J]. Soil and Water Conservation in China, 2013(10):2.
[4]	任宗萍, 张光辉, 杨勤科. 近50年延河流域水沙变化特征及其原因分析[J]. 水文, 2012, 32(5):81. REN Zongping, ZHANG Guanghui, YANG Qinke. Characteristics of runoff and sediment variation in Yanhe River Basin in last 50 years[J]. Journal of China Hydrology, 2012, 32(5):81.
[5]	赵广举, 穆兴民, 温仲明, 等. 皇甫川流域降水和人类活动对水沙变化的定量分析[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2013, 11(4):1. ZHAO Guangju, MU Xingmin, WEN Zhongming, et al. Impacts of precipitation and human activities on streamflow and sediment load in the Huangfuchuan Watershed[J]. Science of Soil and Water Conservation, 2013, 11(4):1.
[6]	史辅成, 张冉. 近期黄河水沙量锐减的原因分析及认识[J]. 人民黄河, 2013, 35(7):1. SHI Fucheng, ZHANG Ran. Cause analysis and recognitions on the recent sharp decreasing of the Yellow River water and sediment amount[J]. Yellow River, 2013, 35(7):1.
[7]	焦菊英, 王万忠, 李靖, 等. 黄土高原丘陵沟壑区淤地坝的减水减沙效益分析[J]. 干旱区资源与环境, 2001, 15(1):78. JIAO Juying, WANG Wanzhong, LI Jing, et al. Soil and water conservation benefit of warping dams in hilly and gully regions on the Loess Plateau[J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 2001, 15(1):78.
[8]	冉大川, 罗全华, 刘斌, 等. 黄河中游地区淤地坝减洪减沙及减蚀作用研究[J]. 水利学报, 2004, (5):7. RAN Dachuan, LUO Quanhua, LIU Bin, et al. Effect of soil-retaining dams on flood and sediment reduction in middle reaches of Yellow River[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2004, (5):7.
[9]	冉大川, 左仲国, 上官周平. 黄河中游多沙粗沙区淤地坝拦减粗泥沙分析[J]. 水利学报, 2006, 37(4):443. RAN Dachuan, ZUO Zhongguo, SHANGGUAN Zhouping. Effect of check dam on retaining and reducing coarse grain sediment in middle reaches of Yellow River[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2006, 37(4):443.
[10]	毕慈芬, 左仲国, 冉大川, 等. 黄河中游淤地坝淤积泥沙级配组成分析[J]. 人民黄河, 2011, 33(1):90. BI Cifen, ZUO Zhongguo, RAN Dachuan, et al. Analysis of the sediment gradation composition of check dams in the middle reaches of the Yellow River[J]. Yellow River, 2011, 33(1):90.
[11]	时明立, 史学建, 付凌, 等. 黄土高原淤地坝泥沙沉积的空间差异研究[J]. 人民黄河, 2008, 30(3):64. SHI Mingli, SHI Xuejian, FU Ling, et al. Study on spatial difference of sediment deposition of warping dams of the Loess Plateau[J]. Yellow River, 2008, 30(3):64.
[12]	李勉, 杨剑锋, 侯建才, 等. 黄土丘陵区小流域淤地坝记录的泥沙沉积过程研究[J]. 农业工程学报, 2008, 24(2):64. LI Mian, YANG Jianfeng, HOU Jiancai, et al. Sediment deposition process for a silt dam in a small watershed in Loess Hilly Region[J]. Transactions of the CSAE, 2008, 24(2):64.
[13]	薛凯. 利用坝地沉积旋廻研究黄土高原小流域泥沙来源演变规律[D]. 北京:中国科学院教育部水土保持与生态环境研究中心, 2011. XUE Kai. Sediment source changes in a small watershed on the Loess Plateau[D]. Beijing:Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Education, 2011.
[14]	张胜利, 李倬, 赵文林, 等. 黄河中游多沙粗沙区水沙变化原因及发展趋势研究[M]. 郑州:黄河水利出版社, 1997, 6. ZHANG Shengli, LI Zhuo, ZHAO Zhuolin, et al. Study on the cause and development trend of the change of runoff and sediment in the coarse and sandy areas of the middle reaches of the Yellow River[M]. Zhengzhou:The Yellow River Water Conservancy Press, 1997, 6.
[15]	汪亚峰, 傅伯杰, 侯繁荣, 等. 基于差分GPS技术的淤地坝泥沙淤积量估算[J]. 农业工程学报, 2009, 25(9):79. WANG Yafeng, FU Bojie, HOU Fanrong, et al. Estimation of sediment volume trapped by check-dam based on differential GPS technique[J]. Transactions of the CSAE, 2009, 25(9):79.
[16]	刘立峰, 金绥庆, 付明胜, 等. 基于坝地泥沙淤积信息的流域侵蚀产沙特征研究[J]. 山西水土保持科技, 2015, 1:10. LIU Lifeng, JIN Suiqing, FU Mingsheng, et al. Study on the characteristics of erosion and sediment yield in watershed based on sedimentation information of dam land[J]. Soil and Water Conservation Science and Technology in Shanxi, 2015, 1:10.
[17]	朱旭东, 张维江, 李娟. 好水川流域小型水库及淤地坝泥沙淤积量估算[J]. 水土保持通报, 2012, 32(4):196. ZHU Xudong, ZHANG Weijiang, LI Juan. Estimation of sedimentation in small reservoirs and silt dams of Haoshui watershed[J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation, 2012, 32(4):196.
[18]	叶浩, 石建省, 侯宏冰, 等. 基于GIS/GPS的淤地坝泥沙淤积速率的评价方法探讨:以内蒙南部砒砂岩区淤地坝为例[J]. 地质学报, 2006, 80(10):1633. YE Hao, SHI Jiansheng, HOU Hongbing, et al. Exploration on the sedimentary rate assessment in silt retention dam based on GIS and GPS[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2006, 80(10):1633.
[19]	张艳杰, 秦富仓, 岳永杰. 西黑岱流域淤地坝拦蓄泥沙和淤积土壤有机碳储量研究[J]. 江苏农业科学, 2011, 39(6):581. ZHANG Yanjie, QIN Fucang, YUE Yongjie. Study on sediment deposition in check dam of soil organic carbon storage in Xiheidai watershed[J]. Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences, 2011, 39(6):581.
[20]	弥智娟. 黄土高原坝控流域泥沙来源及产沙强度研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学, 2014. MI Zhijuan. Sediment source and sediment yield intensity in check dan controlled watershed of Loess Plateau[D]. Yangling:Northwest A & F University, 2014.