农林开发活动时空分布及水土流失特征

doi:10.16843/j.sswc.2020.05.013

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摘要为探讨农林开发活动对水土流失及其因子的影响，以山东省省级重点治理区荣成市为研究区域，采用遥感监测、野外调查、模型计算等方法，分析农林开发活动特征及扰动图斑的时空分布，定量评价农林开发活动前后对水土流失及其因子的影响。结果表明：1）2014—2017年>2.5 hm²的农林开发活动扰动图斑总计36个，占地591.33 hm²，最大扰动图斑62.5 hm²，最小2.58 hm²，涉及9镇、1开发区和1管理区，分布范围广。2）农林开发前后扰动图斑内工程措施、坡度坡长、植被覆盖发生显著变化，由低标准土坎作物梯田变成坡地果园，田面坡度增大、坡长增长，扰动后坡度以2°~5°为主、其次为5°~8 °、>8 °的坡地占12%，最大坡度达19 °，扰动后坡长以300~500 m为主，最大坡长达750 m；植被覆盖度由高覆盖变为低覆盖，然后稳步增长。3）农林开发活动加剧了水土流失，扰动图斑的土壤侵蚀强度由微度侵蚀为主增强为轻、中度侵蚀为主，土壤侵蚀模数增加6~11倍，经过4年恢复，扰动图斑侵蚀状况与原始状态相比仍存在较大差距。因此，随着研究区特殊农林开发活动的进行，原始微地形遭到扰动，林下植被遭到破坏，水土流失明显增强，且治理困难恢复难度较大，应进一步加强管理。

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	宋媛媛
	邢先双
	齐斐
	刘霞
	董明明
	吴镇宇
	李想
	姚孝友

关键词 ：农林开发活动, 扰动图斑, 土壤侵蚀, 遥感监测, CSLE模型

Abstract：[Background] In recent years, due to the improvements of landuse transfer policies, the development of agroforestry activities had been enhanced significantly. However, the increasing of agroforestry activities aggravated soil and water loss, especially in hilly and mountain areas. Therefore, it became very important to understand the patterns and relationships between the agroforestry activities and its related soil and water loss. [Methods] Rongcheng, the Key Control Area of Soil Erosion in Shandong province, was selected as the study area. In this area, remote sensing, field investigation, and soil erosion simulation were used to analyze the spatial and temporal distribution patterns of agroforestry activities. In addition, the effects of agroforestry activities on soil and water loss and its related environmental factors were quantified in this study. [Results] 1) From 2014 to 2017, there were 36 plots (>2 hm², max.=62.5 hm², and min.=2.58 hm²) disturbed by agroforestry activities with a total area of 591.33 hm² involving 11 administrative districts. 2) Within the disturbed 36 plots, agroforestry activities resulted in the changes in engineering practices, micro-topographies (slope and slope length), and understory vegetation cover. Among those changes, the low-standard terraced farmland was transferred to high-benefit economic forest such as orchard with higher slope (mainly 2°-5°, followed by 5°-8°, and >8° accounting for 12%, and max.=19°), and longer slope length (avg.=300-500 m and max.=750 m). The vegetation coverage changed from high coverage to low coverage, and then steadily increased. 3) The agroforestry activities aggravated the severity of soil and water loss in those disturbed plots, and the intensity of soil erosion jumped from slight level to light and medium levels. Moreover, the erosion modulus of post disturbed plots increased 6-11 times than prior disturbed plots, and the disturbed plots did not recover to the original conditions even after a 4-year recovery period. [Conclusions] Therefore, the increasing of agroforestry activities may accelerate the soil and water loss through destroying the understory vegetation cover and modifying local micro-topographies, especially in hilly and mountain areas. This research revealed the realistic situations and difficulties to restore the disturbed areas of agroforestry activities. Moreover, for the disturbed areas, more practical managements and policies need to be implemented to control agroforestry activities and soil erosion.

Key words： agroforestry activities disturbance pattern spot soil erosion remote sensing monitoring CSLE model

收稿日期: 2018-12-28

PACS:

S157.1

基金资助:淮河水利委员会重点项目"基于遥感和CSLE模型的淮河流域重点区域水土流失监测评价"（HWSBJ2018010）；山东省重点项目"山东省省级重点治理区水土流失监测评价"（SDSBJ201601）；国家重点研发计划子课题"侵蚀退化耕地生产力快速提升技术"（2018YFC0507005）

通讯作者: 刘霞(1971-),女,教授,博士生导师。主要研究方向:水土保持监测与评价。E-mail:liuxia@njfu.edu.cn。 E-mail: liuxia@njfu.edu.cn

作者简介: 宋媛媛(1994-),女,硕士研究生。主要研究方向:水土保持监测与评价。E-mail:13770716079@163.com。

引用本文:

宋媛媛, 邢先双, 齐斐, 刘霞, 董明明, 吴镇宇, 李想, 姚孝友. 农林开发活动时空分布及水土流失特征[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2020, 18(5): 104-111.
SONG Yuanyuan, XING Xianshuang, QI Fei, LIU Xia, DONG Mingming, WU Zhenyu, LI Xiang, YAO Xiaoyou. Spatial and temporal distribution patterns of agroforestry activities and its related characteristics of soil and water loss. SSWC, 2020, 18(5): 104-111.

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http://journal12.magtechjournal.com/Jweb_stbc/CN/10.16843/j.sswc.2020.05.013 或 http://journal12.magtechjournal.com/Jweb_stbc/CN/Y2020/V18/I5/104

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