Abstract：[Background] Soil erosion is a critical environmental issue in the world's terrestrial ecosystems. Erosion accelerates land degradation and desertification processes. Due to the rapid runoff of water, soil fertility and crop yields decrease, and the quality of water is affected by the agricultural chemicals deposited in waterways. Conclusively, soil erosion causes multiple and severe damages to natural ecosystems. Indeed, achieving a safe living environment in the future depends on protecting the soil and water resources. Reasonable estimation of soil erosion modulus is the key to controlling soil erosion. However, an extensively applicable method for soil erosion modulus estimation is limited by the time consumption, technology and cost, etc.[Methods] In order to eliminate as much as possible the impact of other factors such as vegetation cover on soil erosion, here, the authors searched for slopes with similar gradients and almost no vegetation coverage in the mountainous areas of Yunnan and Sichuan provinces, southwest China, and arranged a micro-runoff plot of 1 m×2 m. The simulated rainfall experiment was carried out with the same rainfall intensity to explore the relationship between soil erosion modulus (M) and soil compactness (C), and the influence of SC on soil erosion process, and to probe the possibility of application of C on estimating M.[Results]C and M were closely related to soil water content, water stable aggregate content, clay content and organic matter content. In the case of large C, the soil particles were closely arranged, the cohesive force between the soil particles was large, and the soil was resistant to disintegration and deposition. On the contrary, the pores between the soils with lower C were larger, and the soil particles were easily dispersed by raindrops and washed away by runoff. In general, M decreased with the increase of C. The soil with relatively high C, M was small, and M was a very significant negative correlation at 0.01 level with C. The relationship between M and C was quantified as:M=42.423e0.009S (S=C, P<0.01, R2=0.663).[Conclusions] The results of this research provide a reference method for estimating the erosion modulus of farmland soil without crop growth. The increase in C changes the pore continuity between soil particles and reduces soil infiltration ability, but also increases soil erosion resistance and reduces the possibility of soil erosion. Conversely, soil erosion can easily occur. Therefore, for cultivated soils without crop growth (C < 450 kPa), C to some extent can quickly and cost-effectively reflect the magnitude of M and assess the potential intensity of soil erosion.
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2019, Vol. 17 
