Abstract：[Background] Preferential flow is prevalent in field conditions, and quantitative differentiation of matrix and preferential flow can provide basic data for soil infiltration process and hydrologic cycle of Shaximiao purple soil.[Methods] We used a surface ring infiltration meters and selected Shaximiao purple soil area in Chongqing as the research object to measure soil matrix infiltration rate (im), total infiltration rate (it), and to calculate the preferential infiltration rate (ip). The success of matrix infiltration measurement was determined by excavating wetted soil via matrix infiltration. The feasibility of replacing the preferential flow process with the matrix infiltration process of adjacent soil was verified by calculating the spatial variability of matrix infiltration. On this basis, the quantitative relationship between matrix infiltration and preferential flow was analyzed, and the experimental results were compared with previous studies to verify the rationality of the method.[Results] 1) For im, the initial one is in 480.0-900.0 mm/h, the steady one is in 341.4-403.2 mm/h, the average one is 416.3-513.7 mm/h, and the cumulative infiltration is 657.2-805.9 mm. For it, the initial one is 984.0-2 470.8 mm/h, the steady one is 359.4-720.0 mm/h, the average one is 648.2-1 239.3 mm/h, and the cumulative infiltration is 966.2-1 898.1 mm. For ip, the initial one is 504.0-1 570.8 mm/h, the steady one is 18.0-316.8 mm/h, the average one is 231.3-725.8 mm/h, and the cumulative infiltration is 309.0-1 092.7 mm. 2) Among the infiltration model fitting parameters (S, K, a, b), im and cumulative infiltration (CI) characterizing soil matrix infiltration process, the coefficient of variation (CV) for S is maximum 15.6%. The spatial variation coefficient of steady infiltration and cumulative infiltration rate is 8.9% and 10.4%, respectively, indicating that the spatial variation coefficient of im is small. 3) In the initial stage (0-10 min), ip/im is 1.1-1.7, the preferential flow infiltration is dominant. As the infiltration continues (10-60 min), ip/im decreases, ip/im is 0.5-1.6. In the steady infiltration stage (60-90 min), ip/im is 0.2-1.0, and the matrix infiltration is dominant. 4) Using the Philip and Kostiakov infiltration models to fit the matrix infiltration process of the experimental sites, R2 is 0.88 and 0.93, respectively, P<0.01, these two models fit well for the im.[Conclusions] Soil matrix and preferential flow play an equally important role in the hydrological cycle of purple soil. The surface ring infiltration meters can be well used for measuring the infiltration performance of Shaximiao purple soil in Chongqing.
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2019, Vol. 17 
