Spatial and temporal changes of vegetation cover and its influencing factors in the Loess Plateau from 2000 to 2018
LI Yixuan1, ZHU Qingke1,2, SHI Ruoying1, GOU Qingping1
1. School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, China; 2. Ji County Station, Chinese National Ecosystem Research Network(CNERN), 042200, Jixian, Shanxi, China
Abstract：[Background] The Loess Plateau is located in a semi-arid and semi-humid climate zone with serious soil erosion. It is an ecologically fragile area and a key area of soil and water conservation in China. Since the implementation of the project of Returning Farmland to Forest in 1999, the vegetation coverage of the area has increased significantly. Yan'an city and Wuqi county are the typical areas that have taken the lead in implementing the project of Returning Farmland to Forest.[Methods] Based on MODIS-NDVI data, the vegetation coverage in the growing season of the Loess Plateau from 2000 to 2018 was estimated using the image element dichotomy method. The spatial and temporal characteristics of vegetation cover and its correlation with climatic factors were studied by trend analysis, partial correlation analysis and significance test. The influence of human activities on the trend of vegetation cover change was explored by excluding the influence of climatic factors on vegetation cover through residual analysis.[Results] 1) From 2000 to 2018, the vegetation coverage in the growing season of the Loess Plateau showed a fluctuating upward trend with an overall growth rate of 0.004 62/a, and the spatial distribution of vegetation coverage decreased from southeast to northwest. 2) In the time series, the vegetation coverage in the Loess Plateau was significantly positively correlated with the annual precipitation (P<0.05), and 30% of the region showed a significant positive, but the correlation with the annual average temperature was not significant and the correlation coefficient was low. 3)Yan'an city and Wuqi county, as typical areas of Returning Farmland to Forest, were generally better than the Loess Plateau, the average growth rates in recent 20 years was in Wuqi>Yan'an>Loess Plateau, with significant increase in vegetation cover and significant ecological construction effects. 4) The vegetation cover in the Yan'an and Wuqi counties were positively correlated with annual precipitation, while negatively correlated with annual average temperature. The correlation coefficient between county's vegetation coverage and climate factors was higher, but it did not pass the statistical significance test. 5) Human activities have had a large impact on the Loess Plateau, with a significant positive impact on northern Yan'an and its surrounding areas. The project of Returning Farmland to Forest has achieved remarkable results in this area.[Conclusions] In the context of Returning Farmland to Forest project, the Loess Plateau has experienced significant vegetation recovery in the past 20 years. Compared with temperature, the correlation between precipitation and vegetation coverage is more significant. Human activities have both constructive and destructive effects on vegetation cover change in the Loess Plateau, but the positive effect is greater than the negative effect.
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LI Yixuan, ZHU Qingke, SHI Ruoying, GOU Qingping. Spatial and temporal changes of vegetation cover and its influencing factors in the Loess Plateau from 2000 to 2018. SSWC, 2021, 19(4): 60-68.
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2021, Vol. 19 
