Counterpoint configuration of environmental resource position and plant niche of gully erosion in Loess Plateau
ZHAO Xiulan1,2, ZHANG Fu1, ZHANG Jinxia3, ZHANG Hongkui4, WANG Lingli1,2
1. The College of Forestry in Gansu Agricultural University, 730070, Lanzhou, China; 2. Gansu Zhongheyu Ecological Environment Consulting Center, 730030, Lanzhou, China; 3. The College of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering in Gansu Agricultural University, 730070, Lanzhou, China; 4. Chongxin County Forestry Technology Extension Station, 744200, Pingliang, Gansu, China
Abstract：[Background] The severe soil erosion on the Loess Plateau results in the ecological balance imbalance, restricting the sustainable development of the social economy. The erosion gully is not only the basic unit of ecological environment management, but also the main source of regional erosion and sediment production. In the research of erosion gully management, the plant measures and the site condition allocation of erosion gully are lack of in-depth theoretical discussion. Therefore, the phenomenon of "small old trees" and "three lows" of plants often occur, which limits the effectiveness of soil and water conservation measures.[Methods] The Luoyugou and Lu'ergou watersheds in the third sub-region of the loess hilly and gully region, Anjiagou and Chenggou river watersheds in the fifth sub-region, and the Nanxiaohegou watershed in the loess high plateau gully region were selected as the study areas. Meteorological statistics, spatial interpolation, ecological suitability models, and field survey methods were used to calculate the differentiation law and quantitative characteristics of the environmental factors of the microclimate in different terrain parts of the erosion channel,to analyze the environmental resource level of the gully environment and the ecological demand level of plants, to calculate the ecological suitability of plant species, and to propose a counterpoint configuration model.[Results] Erosion gully site conditions were divided into 10 types according to topography, slope direction, slope, soil type and water factor. The site conditions were mainly gully slopes and gully terraces. The air temperature, ground temperature, and water pressure in the erosion gully varied regularly with months in the shady and sunny slopes and the bottom of the gully. The annual sunshine hours and effective accumulated temperature on the sunny slope were significantly higher than that on the shady slope when the slope was the same. In different types of areas, the annual sunshine hours was as:The third sub-regions of the loess > loess sorghum > The fifth sub-regions of the loess. ≥ 10 ℃ effective accumulated temperature was in:The third sub-regions of the loess > the fifth sub-regions of the loess > loess sorghum. Verification of the counterpoint configuration mode found that the same plant growth and development were better under the better site conditions in the same type area, and the suitability index was higher.[Conclusions] The counterpoint configuration of environmental resource level and plant ecological demand level of the erosion gully in the loess area was studied, the quantitative study of suitable trees for the site was discussed in depth, and the counterpoint configuration mode of plant measures for soil and water conservation in the erosion gully was proposed. Its application should result in good plant growth and development effects, may provide a theoretical basis for the selection of gully control measures and the scientific configuration of measures, and guide the practice of water and soil erosion and management in small watersheds in the Loess Plateau.
宋维峰. 中国的水土流失及其对区域环境的影响[J]. 亚热带水土保持, 2007, 19(4):29. SONG Weisheng. Soil and water loss in China and its impact on regional environment[J]. Subtropical Soil and Water Conservation, 2007, 19(4):29.
[2]
朱高洪,毛志锋. 我国水土流失的经济影响评估[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2008, 6(1):63. ZHU Gaohong, MAO Zhifeng. Evaluation on economic losses of soil erosion in China[J]. Science of Soil and Water Conservation, 2008, 6(1):63.
[3]
马宁,赵帮元,王富贵,等. 水土流失治理背景下小流域泥沙来源初探——以皇甫川流域西五色浪沟小流域为例[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2011, 9(5):15. MA Ning, ZHAO Bangyuan, WANG Fugui, et al. Preliminary study on sediment sources of watershed under control of water loss and soil erosion:Taking Xiwuselanggou Watershed of Huangfuchuan Basin as the example[J]. Science of Soil and Water Conservation, 2011, 9(5):15.
[4]
杨寒月,张光辉,张宝军.黄土丘陵区沟坡典型植物群落枯落物蓄积量及其持水性能[J].中国水土保持科学,2019,17(3):83. YANG Hanyue, ZHANG Guanghui, ZHANG Baojun. Litter and its water-holding properties of typical plant communities distributed on gully steep slopes in the loess hilly-gully region[J]. Science of Soil and Water Conservation,2019,17(3):83.
[5]
刘彦随,李裕瑞. 黄土丘陵沟壑区沟道土地整治工程原理与设计技术[J]. 农业工程学报, 2017, 33(10):1. LIU Yansui, LI Yurui.Engineering philosophy and design scheme of gully land consolidation in Loess Plateau[J].Transactions of the CSAE, 2017, 33(10):1.
[6]
高若武,张钊. 青海省侵蚀沟道专项治理措施体系的构建[J]. 中国水土保持, 2017(9):33. GAO Ruowu, ZHANG Zhao. Construction of special treatment measures system for erosion channel in Qinghai province[J]. Soil and Water Conservation in China, 2017(9):33.
[7]
毕华兴,刘立斌,刘斌. 黄土高塬沟壑区水土流失综合治理范式[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2010, 8(4):27. BI Huaxing, LIU Libin, LIU Bin. Paradigm of integrated management on soil and water losses in Loess Plateau-gully Region[J]. Science of Soil and Water Conservation, 2010, 8(4):27.
[8]
张富,余新晓,陈丽华. 小流域水土保持植物措施对位配置研究[J]. 水土保持通报, 2008, 28(2):195. ZHANG Fu, YU Xinxiao, CHEN Lihua. Optimum structure and disposition of vegetation measures of soil and water conservation in small watershed[J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation, 2008, 28(2):195.
[9]
张富,高嶙,赵克荣. 水土保持植物措施与径流调控工程对位配置数量化分析[J]. 甘肃农业大学学报, 2011, 46(4):97. ZHANG Fu, GAO Lin, ZHAO Kerong. Quantitative analysis on the para position allocation of soil and water conservation botanic measures with runoff regulation and control engineering[J]. Journal of Gansu Agricultural University, 2011, 46(4):97.
[10]
张金霞,张富,曹喆,等.甘肃黄土高原侵蚀沟道特征与水沙资源保护利用研究[M].郑州:黄河水利出版社, 2018:31. ZHANG Jinxia, ZHANG Fu, CAO Zhe, et al. Characteristics of erosion channels and protection and utilization of water and sediment resources on the Loess Plateau in Gansu[M].Zhengzhou:Yellow River Water Resources Press, 2018:31.
[11]
傅抱璞. 不同地形下辐射收支各分量的差异与变化[J]. 大气科学, 1998(2):178. FU Baopu. The difference and variation of radiation revenue and expenditure components under different topography[J]. Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, 1998(2):178.
[12]
赵传燕,冯兆东,南忠仁. 陇西祖厉河流域降水插值方法的对比分析[J].高原气象,2008(1):208. ZHAO Chuanyan, FENG Zhaodong, NAN Zhongren. Modelling the temporal and spatial variabilities of precipitation in Zulihe River Basin of the western Loess Plateau[J]. Plateau Meteorology, 2008(1):208.
[13]
罗伟祥, 刘广全, 李嘉珏. 西北主要树种培育技术[M]. 北京:中国林业出版社, 2007:238. LUO Weixiang, LIU Guangquan, LI Jiayu. Northwestern tree species cultivation techniques[M].Beijing:China Forestry Publishing House, 2007:238.
[14]
李景侠.西北主要乔灌木[M].陕西杨凌:西北农林科技大学出版社, 2002:45. LI Jingxia. Northwest main shrubs[M]. Yangling,Shaanxi:Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University Press, 2002:45.
[15]
张富. 黄土高原丘陵沟壑区小流域水土保持措施对位配置研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2008:66. ZHANG Fu. Study on the paraposition allocation of soil and water conservation measures in small watershed of gully and hilly regions on Loess Plateau[D]. Beijing:Beijing Forestry University, 2008:66.
[16]
任爱虎.小流域水土保持植物措施对位配置要点分析[J].环境与发展,2018,30(1):189. REN Aihu. Analysis on the key points of the counterpoint allocation of plant measures for soil and water conservation in small watersheds[J]. Environment and Development, 2018, 30(1):189.
2021, Vol. 19 
