The record series system is regarded as the cornerstone in the construction of the records continuum model, ensuring the continuity of archival management through "record control" and "context control" making it a landmark contribution to Australian archival studies. In the mid-20th century, to address the widespread problem of disjointed record keeping within Commonwealth government agencies, the Australian archival agency, while inheriting the Commonwealth registry system and the evidence chain of custody, abandoned the "record group" and adopted the "record series" as the primary level of archival description. The system has evolved through three stages, ultimately forming a distinctive national system for record classification and management. This system not only broke the monopoly of traditional European and North American archival discourse but also had a substantial impact on the development of international archival description standards. In the digital transformation era, the system strengthens its focus on multiple-provenance contexts and metadata capture mechanisms, constructing a complete custody chain of digital archive and prompting the international archival community to reconsider the principle of provenance and theory of fonds. The ideas of multidimensional description and context-based control provide valuable insights for China's archival data management. However, due to differences in the archival management systems and digital governance ecosystems between China and Australia, any methods adaptation must consider local applicability, which will promote the development of an autonomous archival science knowledge system of China.