植物根系对鄂尔多斯矿区排土场边坡产流产沙特征的影响

doi:10.16843/j.sswc.2024002

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摘要为探讨鄂尔多斯矿区排土场边坡不同植物根系对产流产沙特征的影响,采用原位放水冲刷试验研究不同植物根系(须根系、直根系、须根系—直根系混合)排土场边坡面的细沟侵蚀水动力学特征和产流产沙特征。结果表明:1)冲刷过程中不同植物根系小区的径流流速、阻力系数、径流剪切力和径流功率呈现不同的变化趋势,须根系和直根系均使坡面径流流速、径流剪切力和径流功率降低,须根系使阻力系数增大,直根系则相反。2)须根系小区的平均产流率最小;不同植物根系均使坡面产沙率降低,各小区平均产沙率减少51.28%~69.40%。3)根系有效降低土壤剥蚀率,须根系小区的最大减蚀率达71.1%。4)各小区临界径流剪切力和临界径流功率分别为0.04~1.28 N/m/s和0.02~0.25 Pa,2组临界值从大到小排序均为须根系小区、直根系—须根系混合小区、直根系小区和裸地小区。研究结果可为该区排土场边坡水土流失防治提供依据。

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关键词 ：产流产沙, 根系类型, 排土场边坡, 露天采矿区

Abstract：[Background] Planting Elymus dahuricus and Artemisia ordosica plays an important role in controlling soil erosion on dump slopes in open-pit mining area. However, the influence of root systems of E. dahuricus and A. ordosica, as well as their mixed root systems, on the runoff and sediment yield characteristics of rill erosion on dump slopes in the Erdos mining area is still unclear. [Methods] The field simulated scouring experiment was conducted to study the hydrodynamic characteristics of rill erosion and characteristics of runoff and sediment yield on the dump slope with different plant root types (fibrous root system of E. dahuricus, tap root system of A. ordosica, mixed root systems of E. dahuricus and A. ordosica). [Results] The runoff velocity, drag coefficient, runoff shear force and runoff power of different plant root types on dump slopes showed different change trends with runoff scouring time. The fibrous root system of E. dahuricus and the tap root system of A. ordosica both reduced the runoff velocity, runoff shear force and runoff power, while the two plants had different effects on the drag coefficient. Specifically, the fibrous root system of E. dahuricus increased the drag coefficient on dump slopes, while the tap root system of A. ordosica is the opposite. The average runoff yield rate reached its minimum value on the test plot of the fibrous root system of E. dahuricus. The sediment yield rates of the test plots of different plant root types decreased compared with the CK, and the average sediment yield rate had decreased by 51.28% to 69.40%. The presence of the three plant root systems effectively reduced the soil detachment rate on dump slope, among which the maximum erosion reduction rate of the fibrous root system of E. dahuricus was as high as 71.1%. The critical runoff shear force and critical runoff power of the test plots of three plant root types were 0.04-1.28 N/m/s and 0.02-0.25 Pa, respectively, and the two critical values were ranked from largest to smallest in the fibrous root system plot, mixed root system of fibrous root system and tap root system, the taproot system plot, and the bare plot. [Conclusions] The presence of three plant root systems changed the hydrodynamic characteristics during the rill erosion process on the dump slopes under runoff scouring conditions, effectively reduced the amount of soil erosion. Among them, the E. dahuricus with fibrous root system had the best effect of reducing erosion, while the effect of A. ordosica with tap root system and the mixed planting of E. dahuricus and A. ordosica with mixed root system on reducing erosion is relatively poor. The results can provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of soil erosion on the dump slopes in the Erdos mining area.

Key words： runoff and sediment yield root system type dump slope open-pit mining area

收稿日期: 2024-01-09

PACS:

S157.1

基金资助:国家自然科学基金"黄土塬植被对沟头溯源侵蚀过程中水力—重力作用的影响机制"(42077079);国家电网公司总部科技项目"山丘区架空输电线路工程水土保持施工关键技术研究"(8100-202019156A-0-0-00)

通讯作者: 王文龙(1964—),男,研究员。主要研究方向:土壤侵蚀机理及生产建设项目水土保持。E-mail:wlwang@nwsuaf.edu.cn E-mail: wlwang@nwsuaf.edu.cn

作者简介: 芦杰丰(1986—),男,高级工程师。主要研究方向:土壤侵蚀与水土保持。E-mail:2747@ecepdi.com

引用本文:

芦杰丰, 赵庆, 李瑞栋, 王文龙, 娄义宝. 植物根系对鄂尔多斯矿区排土场边坡产流产沙特征的影响[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2024, 22(4): 109-118.
LU Jiefeng, ZHAO Qing, LI Ruidong, WANG Wenlong, LOU Yibao. Effects of plant root systems on runoff and sediment yield characteristics of dump slopes in the Erdos mining area. SSWC, 2024, 22(4): 109-118.

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http://journal12.magtechjournal.com/Jweb_stbc/CN/10.16843/j.sswc.2024002 或 http://journal12.magtechjournal.com/Jweb_stbc/CN/Y2024/V22/I4/109

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