治沟造地工程对小流域氮磷面源污染的综合治理效应

doi:10.16843/j.sswc.2023017

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摘要治沟造地工程可缓解黄土高原耕地资源紧张、人地矛盾等问题,对小流域水土流失也有很好的防治效果,但该工程对小流域水土流失型非点源污染的综合治理效应尚不明确。选取延安地区典型未治理流域与治沟造地流域、典型新造地和坡耕地、生态拦截坝作为研究对象,采集并测定土样氮磷质量分数和水样氮磷质量浓度。结果表明:连年耕作新造地耕作层土壤氮磷质量分数显著高于传统坡耕地(P < 0.05),且新造地氮下渗率高于坡耕地;生态拦截坝对水体中总氮、总磷、硝氮和氨氮质量浓度总削减率分别达到44.3%、94.8%、91.2%和46.9%;未治理流域产流量是经治沟造地工程治理后流域产流量的29倍;小流域不同时期水体总磷、总氮、氨氮和硝氮质量浓度大小排序均为枯水期>全年期>丰水期,治沟造地工程对流域水体氮磷质量浓度削减率排序为总磷>总氮>氨氮>硝氮;治沟造地对流域总氮拦截量最大,其次为硝氮。总体上,治沟造地工程能够在“源头”和“过程”对氮磷面源污染物进行双重阻截。

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关键词 ：氮磷面源污染, 治沟造地, 小流域, 生态拦截坝, 南沟模式

Abstract：[Background] The gully reclamation project has effectively solved the problems of farmland resource constraints and human-land conflicts on the Loess Plateau, but its interception effect and mechanism on erosion-based non-point source pollution are still unclear. [Methods] Water samples were collected from a typical untreated watershed (Shengli River) and a ditch-cultivated watershed (Gutun River) and an ecological interception ditch (Nangou), and soil samples were collected from typical newly-created lands and adjacent sloping lands, and the nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) contents were measured, and the data were processed using Origin and Excel software. [Results] 1) The soilN andP content in the newly-created land with continuous cultivation increased, and the N and P content of itscultivated soil layer was significantly higher than that of the sloping land (P < 0.05), and the N infiltration rate of the newly-created land was higher than that of the sloping land. 2) The total reduction rates of water total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), nitrate nitrogen (NO₃^--N), and ammonia nitrogen (NH₄⁺-N) by the three-stage ecological interception dam reached 44.3%, 94.8%, 91.2%, and 46.9%, respectively. 3) The runoff in different periods of the sub-basin was ranked as Annual season > Wet season > Dry season, which was consistent with the pattern of regional precipitation, and the runoff of the untreated watershed was 29 times of the treated watershed. 4) The changes in water TP, TN, NO₃^--N, and NH₄⁺-N contents in different periods were all ranked as Dry season > Annual season > Wet season. 5) Compared with the untreated watershed, the treated watershed intercepted the largest amount of TN, followed by NO₃^--N, and the smallest amount of TP. [Conclusions] The results of the study show that the gully reclamation projectmay intercept the agricultural N and Pnon-point pollution from the source and in the process, which is conducive to improving the efficiency of chemical fertilizer use.

Key words： nitrogen and phosphorus non-point pollution gully reclamation project small watershed ecological interception dam Nangou model

收稿日期: 2023-02-13

PACS:

S159.9

基金资助:国家自然科学基金“黄河流域生态系统变化与生态屏障效应”(42041005);黄土与第四纪地质国家重点实验室开放基金资助项目“黄土高原植被演变与水土保持功能的互馈机制”(SKLLQG2251)

通讯作者: 陈怡平(1968—),男,博士,研究员。主要研究方向:应用生态学。E-mail:chenyp@ieecas.cn E-mail: chenyp@ieecas.cn

作者简介: 曹婧(1995—),女,讲师。主要研究方向:土壤生态学。E-mail:caojing@ieecas.cn

引用本文:

曹婧, 陈怡平, 毋俊华, 张晶, 陈静书. 治沟造地工程对小流域氮磷面源污染的综合治理效应[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2024, 22(3): 64-71.
CAO Jing, CHEN Yiping, WU Junhua, ZHANG Jing, CHEN Jingshu. Comprehensive treating effect of gully reclamation project on the nitrogen and phosphorus non-point pollution control in small watersheds. SSWC, 2024, 22(3): 64-71.

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http://journal12.magtechjournal.com/Jweb_stbc/CN/10.16843/j.sswc.2023017 或 http://journal12.magtechjournal.com/Jweb_stbc/CN/Y2024/V22/I3/64

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