1. Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Earth Surface Processes, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, 610041, Chengdu, China; 2. Sichuan Research Institute of Ecological Restoration and Disaster Prevention, 610081, Chengdu, China
Abstract：[Background] As an important ecological security barrier area in the upper reaches of Yangtze River, the gully in Liangshan prefecture is widely distributed, which leads to a serious soil loss and the continuous increase of river sediment. The development of gully is a complex process under the interaction of multiple factors such as topography, geology, soil, and human activities. The Mibume small watershed was selected as the study area due to its severe gully development, critical topography and land use. The study aims to investigate the spatial distribution of gully and its key impact factors in this typical mountainous watershed.[Methods] Based on GF-2 image, remote sensing visual interpretation was selected for extracting basic information of gully. Then field survey, GIS statistics and analysis were combined to integrate gully information and study its spatial distribution. Geographical detector was selected to compute the key factors of gully distribution and its influencing effects.[Results] 1) The gullies in this study area had a large number and a wide distribution. They were mainly concentrated in the southeast (upstream) area of this small watershed with a gradually decreasing trend towards the northwest (midstream and downstream). The highest density of gullies in this small watershed reached 6.53 km/km2. The area of gullies above moderate erosion intensity reached 103.38 km2, accounting for 58.12% of the total area of this watershed. 2) Sorted by level of impact, the key factors influencing the spatial distribution of gullies were stratigraphic lithology, elevation, soil type and land use. The gullies were concentrated in the area with elevation of 3 020-3 150 m, stratigraphy of Xiaoba Group or Wutoushan Group, soil type of subalpine scrub meadow soil, and land use of bare land or abandoned farmland in the sub-basin.[Conclusions] The special impact factors(stratigraphic lithology, elevation, soil type and land use) of this small watershed led to a wide distribution and a large number of gullies, which were concentrated in higher altitude areas. The research results of this paper can promote the layout of soil erosion projects and the application of soil conservation measures in Daliangshan, besides it is also beneficial to the construction of local ecological civilization and the development of agricultural production.
陈建西,肖立新,何明章. 凉山州少数民族地区开发性生态移民扶贫问题研究[J]. 中共成都市委党校学报(哲学社会科学),2002(5):13. CHEN Jianxi, XIAO Lixin, HE Mingzhang. Research on poverty alleviation of development ecological migrants in minority areas of Liangshan prefecture[J]. Journal of the Chengdu Muncipal Party College of C.P.C, 2002(5):13.
[2]
WU Han, XIONG Donghong, ZHANG Su, et al. Using two contrasting methods with the same tracers to trace the main sediment source in a mountainous catchment[J]. Journal of Mountain Science, 2019, 16(10):2257.
[3]
郝云昌. 四川省凉山彝族自治州水土保持综合治理情况调查[C]//中共中央文献研究室调研成果集(2011年).北京:中共中央文献研究室科研管理部,2012:16. HAO Yunchang. Investigation on comprehensive management of soil and water conservation in Liangshan Yi autonomous prefecture of Sichuan province[C]//Research results set of the central document research office of the Communist Party of China (2011). The Scientific Research Management Department of the Document Research Section of the CPC Central Committee. Beijing, China, 2012:16.
[4]
第宝锋,崔鹏,黄胜,等. 近50年金沙江干热河谷区泥沙变化及影响因素分析:以云南省元谋县为例[J]. 中国水土保持科学,2006,4(5):20. DI Baofeng, CUI Peng, HUANG Sheng, et al. Sediment yields and impact factors in xerothermic valley in Jinsha River in the last 50 years:A case study in Yuanmou county, Yunnan province[J]. Science of Soil and Water Conservation, 2006, 4(5):20.
[5]
景可. 黄土高原沟谷侵蚀研究[J]. 地理科学,1986,6(4):340. JING Ke. A study on gully erosion on the Loess Plateau[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 1986, 6(4):340.
[6]
ZHANG Baojun, XIONG Donghong, ZHANG Guanghui, et al. Impacts of headcut height on flow energy, sediment yield and surface landform during bank gully erosion processes in the Yuanmou Dry-hot Valley region, Southwest China[J]. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 2018, 43(10):2271.
[7]
胡刚,伍永秋,刘宝元,等. 东北漫川漫岗黑土区浅沟和切沟发生的地貌临界模型探讨[J]. 地理科学,2006,26(4):4449. HU Gang, WU Yongqiu, LIU Baoyuan, et al. Geomorphic threshold model for ephemeral gully incision in rolling hills with black soil in Northeast China[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2006, 26(4):4449.
[8]
POESEN J, NACHTERGAELE J, VERSTRAETEN G, et al. Gully erosion and environmental change:Importance and research needs[J]. Catena, 2003, 50(2):91.
[9]
FAULKNER H. Badlands in marl lithologies:A field guide to soil dispersion, subsurface erosion and piping-origin gullies[J]. Catena, 2013, 16(106):42.
[10]
WELLS R R, BENNETT S J, ALONSO C V. Effect of soil texture, tailwater height, and pore-water pressure on the morphodynamics of migrating headcuts in upland concentrated flows[J]. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 2009, 34(13):1867.
[11]
张岩,杨松,李镇,等. 陕北黄土区水平条带整地措施对切沟发育的影响[J]. 农业工程学报,2015,31(7):125. ZHANG Yan, YANG Song, LI Zhen, et al. Effect of narrow terrace on gully erosion in northern Shaanxi loess area[J]. Transactions of the CSAE, 2015, 31(7):125.
[12]
四川省喜德县志编纂委员会. 喜德县志[M]. 成都:电子科技大学出版社,1992:44. Xide County Annals Compilation Committee of Sichuan Province. Xide county annals[M]. Chengdu:University of Electronic Science and Technology Press, 1992:44.
[13]
李琬欣,熊东红,张素,等. 四川凉山州孙水河流域近60年来径流趋势特征分析[J]. 水土保持学报,2020,34(2):130. LI Wanxin, XIONG Donghong, ZHANG Su, et al. Trends analysis of Sunshuihe River Basin for the last six decades in Liangshan prefecture, Sichuan province[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2020, 34(2):130.
[14]
中华人民共和国水利部. 土壤侵蚀分类分级标准:SL 190-2007[S]. 北京:中国水利水电出版社,2008:8. The Ministry of Water Resources of the P. R. China. Standards for classification and gradation of soil erosion:SL190-2007[S]. Beijing:China Water & Power Press, 2008:8.
[15]
王劲峰,徐成东. 地理探测器:原理与展望[J]. 地理学报,2017,72(1):116. WANG Jingfeng, XU Chengdong. Geodetector:Principle and prospective[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2017, 72(1):116.
[16]
高振家,陈克强,魏家庸. 中国岩石地层词典[M]. 北京:中国地质大学出版社,2000:18. GAO Zhenjia, CHEN Keqiang, WEI Jiayong. Chinese dictionary of rock strata[M]. Beijing:China University of Geosciences Press, 2000:18.
[17]
何毓蓉,黄成敏. 四川紫色土退化及其防治[J]. 山地研究,1993,11(4):209. HE Yurong, HUANG Chengmin. Purple soil degradation and its control in Sichuan province[J]. Mountain Research, 1993,11(4):209.
[18]
胡实,赵茹欣,贾仰文,等. 中国典型山地植被垂直地带性特征及其影响要素[J]. 自然杂志,2018,40(1):12. HU Shi, ZHAO Ruxin, JIA Yangwen, et al. The characteristic of vegetation vertical zonality and influential factors in typical mountains in China[J]. Chinese Journal of Nature, 2018, 40(1):12.
[19]
XU Ximeng, ZHENG Fenli, CHAO Qin, et al. Impact of cornstalk buffer strip on hillslope soil erosion and its hydrodynamic understanding[J]. Catena, 2017, 20(149):417.
[20]
邓绶林. 地学辞典[M].石家庄:河北教育出版社,1992:460. DENG Shoulin. Dictionary of geoscience[M]. Shijiazhuang:Hebei Education Publishing House, 1992:460.
[21]
BAKKER M M, GOVERS G, VAN D A, et al. The response of soil erosion and sediment export to land-use change in four areas of Europe:The importance of landscape pattern[J]. Geomorphology, 2008, 98(3):213.
2022, Vol. 20 
