Litterfall amount and dynamic characteristics of evergreen broad-leaved forest in Jinyun Mountain
ZHU Yin1, YANG Yongchuan1, ZHOU Lihua1, LONG Yuxiao1, HUANG Li1, CHEN Hua2
1. Key Lab of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, 400045, Chongqing, China; 2. Chongqing Academy of Forestry Sciences, 400036, Chongqing, China
Abstract：[Background] Subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest is an important part of forests in China. This study takes the evergreen broad-leaved forest in Jinyun Mountain as the research object, and analyzes the litterfall yield, composition, dynamics and litterfall rhythm of the evergreen broad-leaved forest in the study area from 2014 to 2021 at the community scale, and discusses the response of litterfall yield to climatic factors, aiming to understand the material and energy cycle of forests. [Methods] Authors established a permanent monitoring plot of 1.00 hm2 evergreen broad-leaved forest in Jinyun Mountain in October 2013, and collected all litterfall in the collection basket at the end of each month. After being brought back to the laboratory for finishing, it was dried to a constant mass amount in an oven at 80 ℃. The litterfall was divided into four categories of leaves, branches, reproduction and other. The leaves were identified to species, and each composttion was weighed with an electronic balance with an accuracy of 0.01 g. [Results] 1) The mean annual total litterfall of subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest in Jinyun Mountain was 6.25 t/hm2, and the interannual difference was not significant (P>0.05). 2) The composition of litterfall was dominated by leaves (accounting for 72.50% of the total litterfall). 3) The litterfall rhythms of different components were significantly different. The litterfall rhythms of leaves and reproduction were also consistent with that of the total litterfall, which were bimodal and occurred in April, May and November, while the litterfall rhythms of branches and other were not obvious. 4) Mean monthly temperature, precipitation of the wettest month and precipitation of the driest month were the main climatic factors affecting litterfall production, and the effect of mean monthly temperature was more significant. The mean monthly temperature had a significant effect on the total litterfall, leaves and other litterfall, while the reproduction was mainly affected by the mean monthly temperature, precipitation of the wettest month and precipitation of the driest month. [Conclusions] 1) Affected by climate, forest structure and other factors, the total amount of litterfall and its composition showed significant differences. 2) The species composition of plant communities is the main factor affecting litterfall dynamics in Jinyun Mountain, and its litterfall characteristics are significantly affected by evergreen and deciduous tree species. 3) The total amount of litterfall in Jinyun Mountain is more related to temperature factors than precipitation factors. The reason is that Jinyun Mountain is located in the subtropical zone, with high air humidity and abundant precipitation, which can meet the water demand of plant growth and development. Temperature is a key factor limiting forest productivity and litterfall amount.
李洁冰, 闫文德, 马秀红. 亚热带樟树林凋落物量及其养分动态特征 [J]. 中南林业科技大学学报, 2011, 31(5): 223. LI Jiebing, YAN Wende, MA Xiuhong. Litter fall production and nutrient dynamics of Cinnamomum camphora in subtropical region [J]. Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology, 2011, 31(5): 223.
[2]
张磊, 王晓荷, 米湘成, 等. 古田山常绿阔叶林凋落量时间动态及冰雪灾害的影响 [J]. 生物多样性, 2011, 19(2): 206. ZHANG Lei, WANG Xiaohe, MI Xiangcheng, et al. Temporal dynamics of and effects of an ice storm on litter production in an evergreen broad-leaved forest in Gutianshan National Nature Reserve [J]. Biodiversity Science, 2011, 19(2): 206.
[3]
URI V, KUKUMÄGI M, AOSAAR J, et al. Litterfall dynamics in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), Norway spruce (Picea abies) and birch (Betula) stands in Estonia [J]. Forest Ecology and Management, 2022, 520: 120417.
[4]
关欣, 黄苛, 颜绍馗, 等. 2005—2015年中亚热带常绿阔叶林凋落物回收量和现存量月动态数据集 [J]. 中国科学数据, 2021, 6(2): 205. GUAN Xin, HUANG Ke, YAN Shaokui,et al. A dataset of litter recovery amount and standing crop dynamics in middle subtropical broad-leaved evergreen forests (2005-2015) [J]. China Scientific Data, 2021, 6(2): 205.
[5]
LANUZA O, CASANOVES F, ZAHAWI R A, et al. Litterfall and nutrient dynamics shift in tropical forest restoration sites after a decade of recovery [J]. Biotropica, 2018, 50: 491.
[6]
秦倩倩, 王海燕. 森林凋落物养分空间变异及其影响因素 [J]. 生态学杂志, 2020, 39(4): 1318. QING Qianqian, WANG Haiyan. Spatial variation of forest litter nutrients and its controlling factors [J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2020, 39(4): 1318.
[7]
ZHAO Yuan, CHEN Xiaoqiu, KIM J S, et al. Effects of temperature and precipitation on litterfall phenology in four evergreen broad-leaved forests of southern China [J]. Biotropica, 2022, 54: 739.
[8]
邓秀秀, 王忠诚, 李程, 等. 浙江天童常绿阔叶林凋落物量季节动态及其与气象因子的关系 [J].中南林业科技大学学报, 2017, 37(3): 73. DENG Xiuxiu, WANG Zhongcheng, LI Cheng, et al. Seasonal dynamics of the litter fall production of ever-green broadleaf forest and its relationships with meteorological factors at Tiantong of Zhejiang province [J]. Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology, 2017, 37(3): 73.
[9]
倪健, 宋永昌. 中国亚热带常绿阔叶林优势种及常见种分布与气候的相关分析 [J]. 植物生态学报, 1997,21(2): 115. NI Jian, SONG Yongchang. Relationship between climate and distribution of main species of subtropical ever-green broad-leaved forest in China [J]. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 1997,21(2): 115.
[10]
GARTNER T B, CARDON Z G. Decomposition dynamics in mixed-species leaf litter [J]. Oikos, 2004, 104(2): 230.
[11]
达良俊, 杨永川, 宋永昌. 浙江天童国家森林公园常绿阔叶林主要组成种的种群结构及更新类型 [J]. 植物生态学报, 2004,28(3): 376. DA Liangjun, YANG Yongchuan, SONG Yongchang. Population structure and regeneration types of dominant species in an evergreen broad-leaved forest in Tiantong National Forest Park, Zhejiang province, eastern China. [J]. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2004, 28(3): 376.
[12]
吴小健, 石焱, 朱嘉宁, 等. 全球变暖对森林凋落物的影响 [J]. 世界林业研究, 2022, 36(1): 26. WU Xiaojian, SHI Yan, ZHU Jianing, et al. Impacts of global warming on forest litter [J]. World Forestry Re-search, 2022, 36(1): 26.
[13]
张建龙, 黎建强, 彭邦晓, 等. 滇中高原云南松林枯落物凋落动态及化学计量特征研究 [J]. 西北林学院学报, 2022, 37(3): 1. ZHANG Jianlong, LI Jianqiang, PENG Bangxiao, et al. Litter fall production dynamics and its stoichiometric characteristics of Pinus yunnanensis forest in the central Yunnan Plateau [J]. Journal of Northwest Forestry University, 2022, 37(3): 1.
[14]
黄石德, 黄雍容, 高伟, 等. 沿海拔梯度武夷山3种典型森林凋落物及养分归还动态 [J]. 热带亚热带植物学报, 2020, 28(4): 394. HUANG Shide, HUANG Yongrong, GAO Wei, et al. Dynamics of litterfall and nutrient return in three typical forests of Wuyi Mountain along altitudinal gradient [J]. Journal of Tropical and Subtropical Botany, 2020, 28(4): 394.
[15]
杨超, 黄力, 高祥阳, 等. 缙云山常绿阔叶林凋落动态及组成 [J]. 林业科学研究, 2016, 29(1): 1. YANG Chao, HUANG Li, GAO Xiangyang, et al. The dynamics and composition of litter fall of evergreen broad-leaved forest on Mt. Jinyun [J]. Forest Research, 2016, 29(1): 1.
[16]
黄力, 高祥阳, 齐猛, 等. 缙云山常绿阔叶林粗木质残体储量及特征 [J]. 林业科学, 2019, 55(1): 103. HUANG Li, GAO Xiangyang, QI Meng, et al. Storage and structural characteristics of coarse woody debris in an evergreen broadleaved forest in Jinyun Mountain [J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2019, 55(1): 103.
[17]
袁方, 黄力, 魏玉洁, 等. 中国天然林凋落物量特征及其与气候因子的关系 [J]. 生态学杂志, 2018, 37(10): 3038. YUAN Fang, HUANG Li, WEI Yujie, et al. Litterfall production and its relationships with climatic factors in Chinese natural forests. [J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2018, 37(10): 3038.
[18]
李凯, 赵文东, 朱传晟, 等. 滨海防护林月凋落物量及其与气象因子的关系[J]. 森林与环境学报, 2021, 41(6): 570. LI Kai, ZHAO Wendong, ZHU Chuansheng, et al. Monthly litter production of Acacia aulacocarpa and Pinus elliottii artificial forest and its relationship with meteorological factors [J]. Journal of Forest and Environment, 2021, 41(6): 570.
[19]
官丽莉, 周国逸, 张德强, 等. 鼎湖山南亚热带常绿阔叶林凋落物量20年动态研究 [J]. 植物生态学报, 2004, 28(4): 449. GUAN Lili, ZHOU Guoyi, ZHANG Deqiang, et al. Twenty years of litter fall dynamics in subtropical ever-green broad-leaved forests at the Dinghushan forest ecosystem research station [J]. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2004, 28(4): 449.
[20]
王健健, 王永吉, 来利明, 等. 我国中东部不同气候带成熟林凋落物生产和分解及其与环境因子的关系 [J]. 生态学报, 2013, 33(15): 4818. WANG Jianjian, WANG Yongji, LAI Liming, et al. Litter production and decomposition of different forest ecosystems and their relations to environmental factors in different climatic zones of mid and eastern China [J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2013, 33(15): 4818.
[21]
张新平, 王襄平, 朱彪, 等. 我国东北主要森林类型的凋落物产量及其影响因素 [J]. 植物生态学报, 2008, 32(5): 1031. ZHANG Xinping, WANG Xiangping, ZHU Biao, et al. Litter fall production in relation to environmental factors in Northeast China’s forests [J]. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2008, 32(5): 1031.
[22]
王樟华. 浙江天童常绿阔叶林凋落物量的时空分布特征 [D]. 上海: 华东师范大学, 2013: 13. WANG Zhanghua. The temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of litter production in an evergreen broad-leaved forest in Tiantong, Zhejiang province, eastern China [D]. Shanghai: East China Normal University, 2013: 13.
[23]
郑征, 李佑荣, 刘宏茂, 等. 西双版纳不同海拔热带雨林凋落量变化研究 [J]. 植物生态学报, 2005, 29(6): 884. ZHENG Zheng, LI Yourong, LIU Hongmao, et al. Litterfall of tropical rain forests at different altitudes, Xishuangbanna, Southwest China [J]. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2005, 29(6): 884.
[24]
卢俊培, 刘其汉. 海南岛尖峰岭热带林凋落物研究初报 [J]. 植物生态学与地植物学学报, 1988,12(2): 104. LU Junpei, LIU Qihan. Litter-fall in tropical forest at Jianfengling Mountains, Hainan Island [J]. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 1988,12(2): 104.
[25]
贾丙瑞, 周广胜, 刘永志, 等. 中国天然林凋落物量的空间分布及其影响因子分析 [J]. 中国科学: 生命科学, 2016, 46(11): 1304. JIA Bingrui, ZHOU Guangsheng, LIU Yongzhi, et al. Spatial pattern and environmental controls of annual lit-terfall production in natural forest ecosystems in China [J]. Scientia Sinica (Vitae), 2016, 46(11): 1304.
[26]
戴雯笑, 楼晨阳, 许大明, 等. 浙西南常绿阔叶林凋落物空间分布及其对土壤养分的影响 [J]. 生态学报, 2021, 41(2): 513. DAI Wenxiao, LOU Chenyang, XU Daming, et al. Spatial distribution of litter yield in an evergreen broadleaf forest and its effects on the heterogeneity of soil nutrients [J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2021, 41(2): 513.
[27]
黄石德. 武夷山米槠林群落凋落物动态及与气象因子的关系 [J]. 西南林业大学学报 (自然科学), 2022, 42(4): 76. HUANG Shide. Litter dynamics and its relationship with meteorological factors in Castanopsis carlesii forest community in Wuyi Mountain [J]. Journal of Southwest Forestry University (Natural Sciences), 2022, 42(4): 76.
[28]
祁承经, 曹福祥, 曹受金. 热带森林碳汇或碳源之争 [J]. 生态学报, 2010, 30(23): 6613. QI Chengjing, CAO Fuxiang, CAO Shoujin. Debate around tropical forests: Carbon sink or carbon source? [J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2010, 30(23): 6613.
2023, Vol. 21 
