Dynamic analysis of wetland landscape in Wujiang River Basin (Chongqing section) using remote sensing and GIS technologies
SONG Shiyuan, ZENG Bo, ZHOU Tinggang, GUAN Shujing
1. Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, 400715, Chongqing, China; 2. School of Life Science, Southwest University, 400715, Chongqing, China
Abstract：[Background] As one of the most important natural ecosystems,wetland impacts significantly the improvement of regional environmental quality and economic development. The decrease of wetland area will directly affect the survival of wetland, leading to the decline of wetland function, and resulting in the deterioration of soil and water loss and ecological environment. The establishment of the Three Gorges Reservoir caused the impact on the surrounding wetland landscape pattern.[Methods] Using object-oriented classification method,Landsat-5 TM and Landsat 8 OLI remote sensing image as the main data source, the wetland landscape database of Chongqing section of Wujiang River basin in 1995, 2005 and 2015 was established based on eCognition and ArcGIS platform. We used the dynamic change of landscape, landscape fragmentation and land use transfer matrix method to analyze the temporal and spatial changes in nearly 20 years of wetland landscape in Wujiang River Basin and to explore the reasons. [Results] 1)The overall wetland landscape area of Wujiang River Basin (Chongqing section) is in the growth trend in recent 20 years, and the overall dynamic change of natural wetland is higher than that of constructed wetland. The highest index of dynamic change occurs in reservoir, and the lowest in paddy field. 2)The transfer of wetland landscape is dominated by the internal transfer of wetland landscape, and the transfer of wetland landscape and non-wetland landscape is as supplement. The proportion of constructed wetland is higher than that of natural wetland. 3)In the study area, landscape fragmentation shows a decreasing trend after the increase at first, indicating that the wetland environment tends to be improved after the deterioration at first. 4)In 1995, 2005 and 2015, the landscape fractal dimensions of natural wetland are lower than 1.6, and that of artificial wetlands is higher than 1.7, indicating that the artificial wetland landscape is more complex than natural wetland. The stability index of natural wetland is lower than that of constructed wetland, which is close to 0, indicating that the inner space structure of natural wetland is more fragile. [Conclusions] The construction of the Three Gorges Dam and other water conservancy projects lead to the change of wetland landscape pattern in Wujiang River Basin (Chongqing section), which played a significant role in promoting the overall improvement of the wetland environment in the area. With the construction of the Three Gorges project, reservoir sluicing, and water conservancy project such as Longtan hydro project, Jiangkou hydro-power station and other water conservancy facilities constructed, the total area of wetland in Wujiang River Basin increased, and the change of constructed wetland is more obvious than that of natural wetland. Compared with constructed wetland, natural wetland is more vulnerable to the external disturbance so that we should strengthen the corresponding protection measures.
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2017, Vol. 15 
