渭干河-库车河绿洲地表水水质空间分布特征

doi:10.16843/j.sswc.2019.05.011

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摘要基于2016年4月及2017年5月野外水质考察数据，结合Gibbs图、Piper三线图和地统计学方法对西北典型干旱区渭干河-库车河绿洲地表水水质变化及其空间分布特征进行研究，探讨区域地表水水质状况，依期为该绿洲水资源管理与评价提供有利依据。研究结果表明：2016年研究区灌溉水水质指标（pH、EC、TDS、Cl^-、Ca²⁺、K⁺、Mg²⁺）含量相对2017年较高，而SO₄^2-、HCO₃^-、Na⁺含量比2016年高，结合Piper图可以初步判断水化学类型主要为Cl-SO₄-Na-Mg、Cl-SO₄-Ca-Mg、HCO₃-Cl-SO₄-Na-Ca-Mg，其水化学组成整体的自然起源主要受自身蒸发-浓缩与风化溶解作用的共同影响。地表水水质指标（EC、Ca²⁺、Na⁺、Mg²⁺、Cl^-、SO₄^2-）在空间分布上基本相似，且在库车河中下游较为显著，其主要原因是研究区地势北高南低地形等自然因素及人为因素加剧盐渍化程度，使生态环境遭到破坏。

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	木哈代思·艾日肯
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	马春玥

关键词 ：水质变化, 地统计学, Piper图, 空间分布

Abstract：[Background]Water resources have become a global issue, especially in arid and semi-arid regions, where water resources are scarce and water quality is deteriorating.However, there are few studies on the spatial distribution of surface water quality in typical arid areas(Ugan-Kuche river oasis), thus the objective of this work is to study the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of surface water quality in Ugan-Kuche river oasis.[Methods] The water quality indexes of the sampling points were taken as the research object, and the water quality variations in 2016-2017 were compared and analyzed by descriptive statistical methods, and the water chemical type was judged by combining the Piper diagram, the time trend of surface water chemistry characteristics were analyzed by GIS and statistical methods.[Results] 1)The river water quality indices such as pH, EC(Electrical Conductivity), TDS(Total Dissolved Solids), Cl^-, Ca²⁺, K⁺, and Mg²⁺ in 2016 were higher than in 2017, but SO₄^2-, HCO₃^-, Na⁺ concentration in 2017 were higher than in 2016. 2) The sampled water chemistry also showed the similar spatial variations, mainly expressed as Cl-SO₄-Na-Mg、Cl-SO₄-Ca-Mg and HCO₃-Cl-SO₄-Na-Ca-Mg.The dominant mechanism of natural control of surface water chemical sources was the evaporation concentration type. 3) The river water quality indices such as EC, Ca²⁺, Na⁺, Mg²⁺, Cl^-, and SO₄^2- showed a similar stripped distribution pattern. The value of each parameter showed an increasing trend in the upstream to downstream process.[Conclusions] From the spatial scale, the main reason for the surface water quality in the middle and lower reaches of Kuche River is that the natural factors such as the terrain of north high and south low of the study area and the human factors exacerbate the degree of salinization, which destroys the ecological environment. From the time scale, the water-salt stress is becoming more and more significant due to the lack of water and soil resources and the unreasonable use of human and soil resources in Ugan-Kuche river oasis.

Key words： variation of water quality geo-statistical analysis Piper diagram spatial distribution

收稿日期: 2018-06-28

PACS:

K90

基金资助:国家自然科学基金"干旱区盐渍化土壤热红外发射率特性及其含盐量反演研究"（41361016），"干旱区土壤盐渍化多源遥感监测与预警网络传输系统研究"（40901163），"土壤盐渍化水盐遥感监测最优尺度研究"（41761077）

通讯作者: 买买提·沙吾提(1976-),男,博士,副教授。主要研究方向:资源环境及遥感应用。E-mail:korxat@xju.edu.cn E-mail: korxat@xju.edu.cn

作者简介: 木哈代思·艾日肯(1995-),女,硕士研究生。主要研究方向:资源环境及遥感应用。E-mail:836001415@qq.com

引用本文:

木哈代思·艾日肯, 买买提·沙吾提, 依克丽曼·阿布都米提, 马春玥. 渭干河-库车河绿洲地表水水质空间分布特征[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2019, 17(5): 93-99.
MUHADAISI Ariken, MAMAT Sawut, YIKELIMA Abudoumiti, MA Chunyue. Spatial distribution characteristics of surface water quality in the Ugan-Kuche river oasis. SSWC, 2019, 17(5): 93-99.

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