Characteristics analysis and spatial distribution mapping of soil loss tolerances in Beijing
WANG Zhigang1,2, WANG Jiale1,2, HAN Pei1,2, LIU Honghu1,2, YANG Kun3, ZHANG Chao3, ZHANG Pingcang1,2
1. Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, 430010, Wuhan, China; 2. Center for Mountain Torrent and Geological Disaster Prevention, Ministry of Water Resources, 430010, Wuhan, China; 3. Beijing General Working Station of Soil and Water Conservation, 100036, Beijing, China
Abstract：[Background] Soil loss tolerances is a fundamental basis for accessing soil loss and ecological conditions, thus analyzing its characteristics plays an important role in practice for providing a guidance to local prevention and control of soil erosion and ecological construction. Current soil loss tolerances are for large regions and they are too general to reflect the detailed variation in soil erosion within projects for soil erosion and water loss control. This study analyzes the characteristics of soil loss tolerance distribution in Beijing, providing data for setting proper soil tolerances and supporting soil and water conservation management in different districts. [Methods] Soil loss tolerances of soil genus in Beijing were calculated by the productivity index model and soil thickness. The values of soil subgroups and groups were then obtained by an area weighted method according to those of soil genus and these values were analyzed and compared by nested variance analysis and multiple comparisons. Finally, a distribution map of the soil loss tolerance in Beijing was made by the values for soil subgroups which acted as the mapping unit. [Results] In Beijing, the soil loss tolerance of main soil genus were between 50-313 t/(km2·a) with an area weighted mean of 194 t/(km2·a). In most parts of Beijing, these values were <150 t/(km2·a), 53.4% of the total area were in the range of 100-150 t/(km2·a) and 23.8% were in the range of 50-100 t/(km2·a). These obtained soil loss tolerances of soil subgroups were significantly different while those of soil groups were not significantly different. The soil loss tolerance of skeletal soils (<100 t/(km2·a)) were lower than others. It indicated that these soils had been severely eroded by washing off fine particles during the formation process, only remaining a thin layer of coarse fragments with low fertility. Mountain soils were suffering severe erosion, and the soil loss tolerance became lower with the increase of erosion intensity. The soil loss tolerance values were <150 t/(km2·a) in the mountain area in west, north, and northeast of Beijing, while they were >150 t/(km2·a) in the plain area in the southeast. [Conculsions] The difference among soil loss tolerance cannot be shown in the soil group level but it is clear in the soil subgroup level. Although the soil loss tolerances in soil genera level are more detailed, it is not easy to use and manage the scattered patches on the map because of their great number. Therefore, it is optimal to select the values in subgroup level as the mapping unit to make soil loss tolerance distribution map in Beijing.
王志刚, 王家乐, 韩培, 刘洪鹄, 杨坤, 张超, 张平仓. 北京市容许土壤流失量特征分析与空间分布图制作[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2020, 18(5): 89-95.
WANG Zhigang, WANG Jiale, HAN Pei, LIU Honghu, YANG Kun, ZHANG Chao, ZHANG Pingcang. Characteristics analysis and spatial distribution mapping of soil loss tolerances in Beijing. SSWC, 2020, 18(5): 89-95.
中华人民共和国水利部. GB/T 20465-2006 水土保持术语[S]. 北京:中国标准出版社, 2006:1. The Ministry of Water Resources of P. R. China. GB/T 20465-2006 Terminology of soil and water conservation[S]. Beijing:Standards Press of China, 2006:1.
[2]
SMITH D D. Interpretation of soil conservation data for field use[J]. Agriculture Engineering, 1941(22):173.
[3]
陈奇伯, 齐实, 孙立达. 土壤容许流失量研究的进展与趋势[J]. 水土保持通报, 2000, 20(1):9. CHEN Qibo, QI Shi, SUN Lida. Process and trend of soil loss tolerance research[J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation, 2000, 20 (1):9.
[4]
李兰, 周忠浩, 刘刚才. 容许土壤流失量的研究现状及其设想[J]. 地球科学进展, 2005, 20(10):1127. LI Lan, ZHOU Zhonghao, LIU Gangcai. The present situation and some thoughts of soil loss tolerance study[J].Advance in Earth Science, 2005, 20 (10):1127.
[5]
中华人民共和国水利部. SL 190-2007土壤侵蚀分类分级标准[S]. 北京:中国水利水电出版社, 2008:8. The Ministry of Water Resources of P. R. China. SL 190-2007 Standards for classification and gradation of soil erosion[S]. Beijing:China Water & Power Press, 2008:8.
[6]
刘宝元, 毕小刚, 符素华,等. 北京土壤流失方程[M]. 北京:科学出版社, 2010:89. LIU Baoyuan, BI Xiaogang, FU Suhua, et al. Beijing soil loss equation[M]. Beijing:Science Press, 2010:89.
[7]
谢云, 段兴武, 刘宝元,等. 东北黑土区主要黑土土种的容许土壤流失量[J]. 地理学报, 2011, 66(7):940. XIE Yun, DUAN Xingwu, LIU Baoyuan, et al. Soil tolerance for black soil species in Northeast China[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2011, 66 (7):940.
2020, Vol. 18 
