1. College of Civil Engineering & Architecture, China Three Gorges University, 443002, Yichang, Hubei, China; 2. Collaborative Innovation Center for Geo-hazards and Eco-environment in Three Gorges Area of Hubei Province, China Three Gorges University, 443002, Yichang, Hubei, China
Abstract:[Background] Reservoir water fluctuation and the change of hydrogeological conditions lead to the destruction of coastal vegetation and the exposure of ground. The soil has been eroded severely under the influence of precipitation,periodic fluctuation of reservoir water level and surge,which brought significant influence on the local economy and environment. There will be the annual of 30m in water level due to the completion of the Three Gorges Reservoir, thus there will be a water-level-fluctuation zone. In order to provide a reliable theoretical basis for the soil erosion control in the water-level-fluctuation zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir, this paper focuses on the effects of dry density, initial water content and slope gradient on the disintegration characteristics of purple soil. [Methods] Through the study of the relative fields to disintegration test, the self-made disintegration tank was used. The 10 degrees, 20 degrees and 30 degrees of wedge were placed in the bottom of tank respectively. The sample case with the inner dimensions of 10 cm×10 cm×10 cm was placed on the wedge. In order to prevent the specimen from sliding during the experiment, naps were arranged at the tip of the wedge. There were 27 kinds of purple soil in different initial water contents, dry densities and slope gradients by self-made instrument, which respectively provided the curve relationships among disintegration rate and dry density, initial water content, and slope gradient. [Results] The results showed that under the same initial water content and slope gradient, with the increase of dry density, the disintegration rates increased in the first and then decreased with the increase of immersion time. Under the same dry density and slope gradient, with the increase of initial water content, the disintegration rates increased first and then decreased with the increase of immersion time. Under the same initial water content and dry density, with the increase of slope gradient, the disintegration rates increased first and then decreased with the increase of immersion time. [Conclusions] By researching the experiment process, the disintegration region is always from the bottom of the sample, and then slowly extends to the top with the increase of immersion time. The research offers a foundation for the exploration of the disintegration mechanism in the water-level-fluctuation zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir. It provides theoretical basis for the protection and control of the water-level-fluctuation zone in the Three Gorges Reservoir. The research is also instructive, and provides technological support for the sustainable development of the environment, economy and society and the sustainable utilization in the Three Gorges Reservoir.
牛志明,解明署.三峡库区水库消落区水土资源开发利用的前期思考[J].科技导报, 1998(4): 61. NIU Zhiming,XIE Mingshu.Thoughts on development and utilization of water and soil resources in the reservoir changing region in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area[J]. Science and Technology Review, 1998(4):61.
[2]
徐泉斌,傅瓦利,孙璐,等.三峡库区消落带土壤抗蚀性研究[J].水土保持研究, 2009, 16(5): 13. XU Quanbin,FU Wali,SUN Lu, et al. Study on soil anti-crodibility for the water level-fluctuating zone in three gorges reservoir area[J]. Research of Soil and Water Conservation, 2009, 16(5):13.
[3]
张祖垚.紫色土抗侵蚀性指标研究[D].武汉:长江科学院, 2009: 2. ZHANG Zuyao.Study on soil erosion resistance indicators of purple soil[D]. Wuhan: Changjiang River Scientific Research Institue,2009: 2.
[4]
蒋定生,李新华,范兴科,等.黄土高原土壤崩解速率变化规律及影响因素研究[J].水土保持通报,1995,(3): 20. JIANG Dingsheng,LI Xinhua,FANG Xingke,et al. Research on Losses Plateau soil disintegration speed change rule and influence factor[J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,1995,15(3): 20.
[5]
曾光,杨勤科,姚志宏.黄土丘陵沟壑区不同土地利用类型土壤抗侵蚀研究[J].水土保持通报,2008,28(1): 6. ZENG Guang,YANG Qinke,YAO Zhihong.Soil anti-erodibility under different land use types in the Loess Hill and Gully Area[J].Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2008,28(1): 6.
[6]
汪益敏,王秉纲.公路土质边坡路基边坡坡面冲刷稳定性的模糊综合评价[J],中国公路学报,2005,18(1): 24. WANG Yimin,WANG Binggang.Fuzzy evaluation method of scouring stability on soil subgrade slope[J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2005,18(1): 24.
[7]
李家春,崔世富,田伟平.公路边坡降雨侵蚀特征及土的崩解试验[J].长安大学学报(自然科学版),2007,27(1): 23. LI Jiachun,CUI Shifu,TIAN Weiping. Erosion characteristic of road slope and test of soil disintegration[J]. Journal of Chang'an University(Natural Science Edition),2007,27(1): 23.
[8]
唐敏,杨春华,雷波.基于GIS的三峡水库不同坡度消落带分布特征[J].三峡环境与生态,2013,35(3): 8. TANG Min,YANG Chunhua, LEI Bo. Spatial distribution investigation on the water-level-fluctuating zone slopes in the Three Reservoir Areas based on GIS[J]. Environment and Ecology in the Three Gorges,2013,35 (3): 8.
[9]
盛树馨,窦宜,陶秀珍.土工实验规程:SL237—1999[S].北京:中国水利水电出版社,1999: 78. SHENG Shuxin,DOU Yi, TAO Xiuzhen.Specification of soil test: SL 237-1999 [S].Beijing: China Water Power Press,1999: 78.
[10]
李家春,田伟平.工程压实黄土崩解试验研究[J].重庆交通大学学报(自然科学版),2005,24(5): 74. LI Jiachun,TIAN Weiping. Experiment study of compacted loess disintegration[J].Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University (Natural Sicence Edition),2005,24(5): 74.
[11]
王佑民,郭培才,高维森.黄土高原土壤抗蚀性研究[J].水土保持学报,1994,8(4): 11. WANG Youmin,GUO Peicai,GAO Weisen. A study on soil anti-erodibility in Loess Plateau[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,1994,8(4): 11.
[12]
张晓媛,范昊明,杨晓珍,等.容重与含水率对砂质黏壤土静水崩解速率影响研究[J]. 土壤学报,2013,50(1): 214. ZHANG Xiaoyuan,FAN Haoming,YANG Xiaozhen,et al. Effects of soil bulk density and water content on hydrostatic disintegration rate of sandy clay loam[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2013,50(1): 214.
[13]
ELLEN R G,PINCHAS F,GUYJ L. Soil stabilization in semiarid and arid land agriculture.Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering,2006,2:190.
[14]
李喜安,黄润秋,彭建斌.黄土崩解性试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(1): 3207. LI Xi'an,HUANG Runqiu,PENG Jianbin.Experimentalresearch on disintegration of loess[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(1): 3207.
[15]
谢明亮.输变电工程水土流失特征研究[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2009: 4. XIE Mingliang. Research on characteristics of water and soil erosion in transmission line and substation construction project[D].Wuhan: Wuhan University of Technology,2009: 4.
[16]
马笑,朱首军.黄土丘陵沟壑区梯田地埂土壤崩解特性试验研究[J].西北林学院学报,2013,28(4): 21. MA Xiao,ZHU Shoujun.Soil disintegration characteristics of terrace hedgerows in Loess Hilly-gully Areas[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2013,28(4): 21.
[17]
席有. 坡度影响土壤侵蚀的研究[J]. 中国水土保持, 1993(4): 19. XI You. Study on slope gradient factor in soil erosion[J]. Research of Soil and Water Conservation, 1993(4): 19.