Abstract：[Background] Qianxi county of Guizhou province is an important ecological barrier and plays an important role in ensuring the ecological security of the Wujiang River Basin. However, as a typical mountainous county in karst region, carbonate rocks are more than 90% of the area of Qianxi county, and affected by various reasons, thus the ecological environment is fragile. In this paper, the sensitivity evaluation of soil erosion was carried out, in order to provide the basis for soil and water conservation and ecological environment construction.[Methods] The geological environment of Qianxi county is characterized by wide distribution and high purity of carbonate rocks, and karst rocky desertification. Therefore, the soil erosion in Qianxi county is different from that of non-karst areas. In addition to rainfall, topography, soil and vegetation influence, soil loss tolerance and bareness of bedrocks closely related with the geological background should also be considered. Therefore, rainfall erosion, slope gradient, soil texture, vegetation types, soil loss tolerance and bareness of bedrocks were selected as indicators to evaluate the sensitivity of soil erosion, under the support of ArcGIS. First, the single factor sensitivity evaluation of soil erosion was carried out. Second, all factors of soil erosion sensitivity were carried out by overlay analysis. And then the relationship between soil erosion sensitivity and geological background was analyzed from the structure and lithology.[Results] 1) The soil erosion in Qianxi county was mainly slight and moderate sensitive, accounting for 68.93%, and the sensitivity of soil erosion was low in the whole county, but rather high in some areas. The strongly and extremely sensitive areas were mainly distributed in Dingxin, Tieshi, Shajing, and Jinxing towns. Dingxin is the most sensitive town. 2) The geological background had a profound impact on the soil erosion sensitivity of Qianxi county. The structure indirectly influenced the soil erosion sensitivity by controlling the distribution of landform and lithology. The lithology directly determined the sensitivity of soil erosion. With the content of carbonate rocks increased, the more sensitive soil erosion was. The strongly and extremely sensitive areas were mostly distributed in the carbonate rock areas.[Conclusions] Through the study, we understand that soil loss tolerance and bareness of bedrocks should be used as the important indicators to evaluate the sensitivity of soil erosion in the karst area. At the same time, this study may also provide the basis for the soil and water conservation and ecological environment construction in Qianxi county. We suggest to carrying out the comprehensive control of soil and water loss in the strongly and extremely sensitive areas of soil erosion in order to maintain the residual soil.
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2018, Vol. 16 
