Estimation of carbon loss under fire disturbance in Pinus massoniana coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest in Jinyun Mountain, Chongqing
YIN Le1,2, WANG Yunqi1,2, WANG Songnian1,2, WANG Taiqiang3, LIU Yufang3, MENG Xiangjiang4, XUE Peipei4, ZHANG Jiancong1,2, WANG Lintao1,2, ZHANG Hongshan1,2
1. Three-Gorges Reservoir Area(Chongqing) Forest Ecosystem Research Station, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, China; 2. Three-Gorges Reservoir Area(Chongqing) Forest Ecosystem Research Station, Ministry of Education, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, China; 3. Chongqing Jinyun Mountain National Nature Reserve Administration, 400700, Chongqing, China; 4. Chongqing Academy of Forestry Sciences, Chongqing Wuling Mountain Forest Ecosystem National Research Station, 400700, Chongqing, China
Abstract：[Background] Jinyun Mountain is located at the end of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, with a forest coverage rate of 96.6%, and a large area of mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forests, which is an important carbon reservoir component of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area. Affected by extreme high temperature weather, a forest fire occurred in the southern foothills of Jinyun Mountain on August 21, 2022, and the author estimated the carbon release amount of litter layer and arbor irrigation layer under this forest fire disturbance, aiming to provide a scientific reference for the calculation of carbon loss after fire disturbance and the restoration of vegetation carbon sink function. [Methods] Taking the coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest of typical forest species in Jinyun Mountain in Chongqing as the research object, by dividing different levels of fire disturbance in Jinyun Mountain, setting up 12 fixed standard sample plots, biomass method was used to collect samples of trees, shrubs and litter layers after fire disturbance and undisturbed areas, comparing the differences between the two, and flux tower data was combined to estimate the carbon loss and carbon release under forest fire disturbance.[Results] 1) The combustible load of litter layer and arbor layer in coniferous and brogd-leaved mixed forest mainly increased with the increase of blackening height and tree mortality. The combustible load of the shrub layer mainly decreased with the increase of blackening height and tree mortality. Combustible consumption under the same forest fire disturbance degree: litter layer (41.33 t/hm2)＞shrub layer (1.28 t/hm2)＞arbor layer (0.27 t/hm2), the combustibles were mainly litters and upper humus. The consumption of combustibles in various parts of the forest increases with the increase of forest fire disturbance. 2) There was a significant positive correlation between litter layer and arbor layer and blackening height and tree mortality (P<0.01), and the correlation with other stand investigation factors was not significant, indicating that the combustible material load of litter layer and arbor layer increased with the increase of blackening height and tree mortality in coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forests. There was a significantly negative correlation between shrub layer and blackening height and tree mortality (P<0.05), but not with stand investigation factors, indicating that the combustible material load of shrub layer decreased with the increase of blackening height and tree mortality after forest fire disturbance. 3) The carbon emission in the coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest plot in Jinyun Mountain was mainly provided by severe fire disturbance, and the total fuel consumption and carbon release of the coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest in Jinyun Mountain were 5 468.66 kg, the carbon release amount was 2 460.90 kg,and the total carbon absorption loss caused by forest fire disturbance was 5.68 t/(km2·d).[Conclusions] To sum up, this study shows that the coniferous broad-leaved mixed forest of Jinyun Mountain is most disturbed by mild fire, and the surface fire is the mainstay, and the combustion materials are mainly litter and upper humus, and the total amount of combustible materials consumed is more and the total carbon release is large. The results may provide data reference for the study of carbon balance and carbon cycle in the study area, and provide a scientific basis for the later restoration of vegetation carbon sink function.
尹乐, 王云琦, 王松年, 王太强, 刘玉芳, 孟祥江, 薛沛沛, 张建聪, 王琳涛, 张洪珊. 重庆缙云山马尾松针阔混交林火干扰下的碳损失估算[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2023, 21(3): 128-136.
YIN Le, WANG Yunqi, WANG Songnian, WANG Taiqiang, LIU Yufang, MENG Xiangjiang, XUE Peipei, ZHANG Jiancong, WANG Lintao, ZHANG Hongshan. Estimation of carbon loss under fire disturbance in Pinus massoniana coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest in Jinyun Mountain, Chongqing. SSWC, 2023, 21(3): 128-136.
ROMANOV A, LEKSEY A, TAMAROVSKAYA A N, et al. Reassessment of carbon emissions from fires and a new estimate of net carbon uptake in Russian forests in 2001-2021[J].Science of the Total Environment.2022,846: 157322.
[2]
QIN Yuanwei, XIAO Xiangming, WIGNERON J P, et al. Carbon loss from forest degradation exceeds that from deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon[J]. Nature Climate Change,2021,11(5):442.
[3]
MACK M C, WALLKER X J, JOHNSTONE J F, et al. Carbon loss from boreal forest wildfires offset by increased dominance of deciduous trees[J]. Science,2021,372(6539):280.
[4]
VOLKOVA L,PAUL K I,ROXBURGH S H, et al. Tree mortality and carbon emission as a function of wildfire severity in south-eastern Australian temperate forests[J].Science of the Total Environment, 2022,853: 158705.
[5]
KURBANOV E, VOROBEV O, LEZHNIN S,et al. Remote sensing of forest burnt Area, burn severity, and post-fire recovery: A review[J].Remote Sensing, 2022, 14(19):4714.
[6]
FERNANDEZ C. Carbon loss in sediments and sequestration in vegetation after wildfire and mulching in a high-severity burned area in NW Spain[J]. Journal of Sustainable Forestry, 2022,87:1.
[7]
PALM E C, SUITOR M J, JOLY K, et al. Increasing fire frequency and severity will increase habitat loss for a boreal forest indicator species[J]. Ecological Applications,2022,32(3):2549.
[8]
YANG Yuanhe, SHI Yue, SUN Wenjuan, et al. Terrestrial carbon sinks in China and around the world and their contribution to carbon neutrality[J].Science China Life Sciences,2022,65:861.
[9]
LYU Lin,SHEN Jianjun. The potential carbon losses estimation with remote sensing-based data: Case study in Nova Vida Ranch, Rondonia, Brazil.[J]The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences. 2022,43:1235.
[10]
AWUAH J,SMITH S W,SPEED J D M, et al. Can seasonal fire management reduce the risk of carbon loss from wildfires in a protected Guinea savanna?[J]Ecosphere,2022,13:4283
[11]
单保君,张治军,王秋华,等.1996—2013年火灾对中国森林碳汇损失估算的研究[J].西南林业大学学报(自然科学),2017,37(6):156. SHAN Baojun, ZHANG Zhijun, WANG Qiuhua, et al. Estimation of forest carbon sinks loss caused by fire in China during 1996-2013[J]. Journal of Southwest Forestry University(Natural Science),2017,37(6):156.
[12]
胡海清,罗碧珍,魏书精,等.1953—2011年小兴安岭森林火灾含碳气体排放的估算[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(11):3065. HU Haiqing, LUO Bizhen, WEI Shujing, et al. Estimation of carbonaceous gases emission from forest fires in Xiaoxing'an Mountains of Northeast China in 1953-2011[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2013,24(11):3065.
[13]
王洪斌.森林火灾对土壤物理性质的影响[J].林业科技情报,2002,1(3):84. WANG Hongbin. Effect of forest fire on physical property of soil[J]. Forestry Science and Technology Information,2002,1(3):84.
[14]
BUSINGER J A, ONCLEY S P. Flux measurement with conditional sampling[J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology,1990,7(2):349.
[15]
CHO S, KANG M, et al. Evaluation of forest carbon uptake in South Korea using the national flux tower network, remote sensing, and data-driven technology [J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology. 2021,311:34.
[16]
SEILER W, CRUTZENP J. Estimates of gross and net fluxes of carbon between the biosphere and the atmosphere from biomass burning[J]. Climate Change,1980,2:207.
[17]
WOLFFGANG S, PAUL J.C. Estimates of gross and net fluxes of carbon between the biosphere and the atmosphere from biomass burning[J].Climatic Change, 1980,2: 207.
[18]
王博,韩树文,顾泽,等.不同烈度林火对油松林潜在地表火行为的影响[J/OL].生态学报,2023,14(5):1. WANG Bo, HAN Shuwen, GU Ze, et al. Effects of wildfire of different severities on potential surface fire behavior of Pinus tabuliformis forest[J/OL]. Journal of Ecology, 2023,14 (5):1.
[19]
刘剑钊.闽北4种林分特征及其林下可燃物载量研究[J].林业勘查设计,2022,51(5):8. LIU Jianzhao. Study on the characteristics of four stand types in northern Fujian and their understory combustible matter load[J]. Forestry Exploration and Design, 2022, 51(5): 8.
[20]
罗碧珍.林火干扰对广东省亚热带森林生态系统碳库的影响研究[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2020:115. LUO Bizhen. Effects of forest fire disturbance on carbon pools of subtropical forest ecosystem in Guangdong province, China[D]. Harbin: Northeast Forestry University,2020:115.
[21]
魏书精. 黑龙江省森林火灾碳排放定量评价方法研究[D]. 哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2013:87. WEI Shujing. Quantitative evaluation methods of carbon emissions from forest fires in Heilongjiang province, China [D]. Harbin: Northeast Forestry University, 2013:87.
[22]
洪娇娇,陈宏伟,齐淑艳,等.火干扰强度对大兴安岭森林地上植被碳储量的影响[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(8):2481. HONG Jiaojiao, CHEN Hongwei, QI Shuyan, et al. Effect of fire severity on carbon storage of aboveground vegetation in Great Xing'an Mountains, China[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2017,28(8):2481.
[23]
辛颖,邹梦玲,赵雨森.大兴安岭火烧迹地不同恢复方式碳储量差异[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(11):3443. XIN Ying, ZOU Mengling, ZHAO Yusen. Difference between carbon storage of burned area under different restorations in Greater Xing'an Mountains, Northeast China[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2015,26(11):3443.
[24]
胡海清,罗斯生,罗碧珍,等.林火干扰对广东省2种典型针叶林森林生物碳密度的影响[J].林业科学研究,2020,33(1):19. HU Haiqing, LUO Sisheng, LUO Bizhen,et al. Effect of forest fire disturbance on biological carbon density of two typical coniferous forests in Guangdong province, China[J].Forest Research,2020,33(1):19.
[25]
TUBIELLO F N, CONCHEDDA G,WANNER N,et al.Carbon emissions and removals from forests: New estimates,1990-2020[J].Earth System Science Data. 2021,13: 1681.
2023, Vol. 21 
