一般扰动地表土壤可蚀性因子增大系数

doi:10.16843/j.sswc.2019.06.011

摘要
图/表
参考文献
相关文章 (15)

全文: HTML (1 KB)
输出: BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)

摘要生产建设项目是水土流失防治和监管的重要对象，其中农林开发等项目的扰动主要表现为植被覆盖减少，土壤物理性质改变，但仍维持原有地形特征，因此多采用USLE或CSLE等土壤流失方程计算侵蚀量。然而，一般扰动地表土壤物理性质改变而引起的侵蚀量变化无法在上述方程中得到充分反映。本研究引入土壤可蚀性因子增大系数表征一般扰动地表土壤趋于疏松引起的土壤侵蚀量变化，并通过筛选修筑时土壤遭受类似农林开发等一般扰动的裸露小区实测资料，将小区修筑初期土壤物理性质变化和小区修筑后土壤沉降后2个时期实测侵蚀量进行对比，得到土壤可侵蚀性因子增大系数；然后基于Wischmeier土壤可蚀性因子算式，提出了一种主要通过改变结构等级和渗透等级取值的增大系数简易算法。研究认为：基于小区实测的东北黑土区、北方土石山区、西北黄土高原区、西南紫色土区和南方红壤区的增大系数分别为1.68、2.69、1.90、2.65和2.03，全国可取均值2.11；基于各地径流小区实测增大系数，建立了基于Wischmeier公式的简易算法。研究成果能提高基于土壤流失方程的一般扰动地表土壤侵蚀量测算精度，为生产建设项目水土流失防治和监管提供支撑。

	服务

	把本文推荐给朋友
	加入我的书架
	加入引用管理器
	E-mail Alert
	RSS
	作者相关文章
	郭乾坤
	秦伟
	宁堆虎
	单志杰
	殷哲
	杜鹏飞

关键词 ：生产建设项目, 一般扰动地表, 土壤侵蚀, 土壤可蚀性因子, 土壤流失方程

Abstract：[Background] The productive and construction projects are usually considered as the important objects for soil erosion prevention and supervision. As one type of the productive and construction projects, the agricultural and forestry construction projects usually disturb surface soil, reduce the vegetation cover and alter the soil physical properties; however, the overall landform has not been greatly changed for these projects and soil erosion for this kind of disturbed land, the general disturbed land, was usually estimated via empirical models, such as USLE or CSLE. However, the effect of changes in soil physical properties on soil erosion has not been taken into in these methods since the soil erodibility factor was usually assumed the same before and after the disturbance, which may reduce the accuracy of USLE and CSLE.[Methods] A new parameter named as "the enhancement coefficient of soil erodibility factor" was introduced to these models to reflect such effects. It is found that the disturbance during the construction of runoff plots was similar as the genal disturbance land, thus lots of runoff plot data was collected to reflect the effects of general disturbance on soil erosion. For each plot, two periods were quantified:the period that the construction of runoff plot has been just finished and the soil physical properties have already been changed and the period that the natural settlement of disturbed soil has been finished. Based on the runoff plot data, it is found that the first period usually last for about 2-3 years. Soil erosion rates of the two periods from runoff plots were compared under the same conditions, and then the ratio of soil erosion rates between the two periods, which was also the enhanced coefficient of soil erodibility factor, was estimated. Then a simple formula based on the Wischmeier formula was established to estimate this coefficient by altering the soil texture grades and the infiltration grades in the Wischmeier formula.[Results] Runoff plots at 18 sites were selected for estimating the enhancement coefficients. The results indicated that the estimated coefficients based on runoff plot data for the Northeast Black Soil Region, North Earthy and Rocky Mountain Region, Northwest Loess Plateau Region, Southwest Purple Soil Region, Southern Red Soil Region were 1.68, 2.69, 1.90, 2.65 and 2.03, respectively, with the mean value of 2.11. A simple formula for estimating the coefficients was also established based on the Wischmeier formula and the coefficients estimated from runoff plot data.[Conclusions] This study provides a simple method for estimating the enhancement coefficients of soil erodibility factor for the general disturbed soil based on the runoff plot data and the Wischmeier formula, which may improve the estimation accuracy of soil erosion modulus on the general disturbed soil surface based on the soil loss equation. The results of this study are valuable for soil erosion prevention and supervision for the production and construction projects.

Key words： production and construction project generally disturbed land soil erosion soil erodibility factor soil loss equation

收稿日期: 2018-09-05

PACS:

S157.2

基金资助:水利部公益性行业科研专项经费项目“生产建设项目水土流失测算共性技术研究”（201001036）；水利部公益性行业科研专项经费项目“水土保持生态效应监测与评价技术研究”（201501045）

通讯作者: 秦伟(1982-),男,教高,博士。主要研究方向:土壤侵蚀与水土保持。E-mail:qinwei_office@sina.com E-mail: qinwei_office@sina.com

作者简介: 郭乾坤(1987-),男,高级工程师,博士。主要研究方向:土壤侵蚀与水土保持。E-mail:guoqiankun@iwhr.com

引用本文:

郭乾坤, 秦伟, 宁堆虎, 单志杰, 殷哲, 杜鹏飞. 一般扰动地表土壤可蚀性因子增大系数[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2019, 17(6): 85-92.
GUO Qiankun, QIN Wei, NING Duihu, SHAN Zhijie, YIN Zhe, DU Pengfei. Enhancement coefficient of soil erodibility factor for general disturbed land surface. SSWC, 2019, 17(6): 85-92.

链接本文:

http://journal12.magtechjournal.com/Jweb_stbc/CN/10.16843/j.sswc.2019.06.011 或 http://journal12.magtechjournal.com/Jweb_stbc/CN/Y2019/V17/I6/85

[1]	郭索彦, 姜德文, 赵永军, 等. 建设项目水土流失现状与综合治理对策[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2008, 6(1):51. GUO Suoyan, JIANG Dewen, ZHAO Yongjun, et al. Current status and comprehensive control strategies of soil erosion for construction projects[J]. Science of Soil and Water Conservation, 2008, 6(1):51.
[2]	高旭彪. 开发建设项目土壤侵蚀模数预测方法初步研究[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2008, 6(3):116. GAO Xubiao. Prediction method for erosion rates on developing and construction projects[J]. Science of Soil and Water Conservation, 2008, 6(3):116.
[3]	史志华, 方怒放, 李璐, 等. 应用KINEROS2模型对土质道路侵蚀过程的模拟[J]. 地理研究, 2010, 29(3):408. SHI Zhihua, FANG Nufang, LI Lu, et al. Modeling erosion processes on unpaved roads using KINEROS2[J]. Geographic Research, 2010, 29(3):408.
[4]	陈展鹏, 雷廷武, 晏清洪, 等. 汶川震区滑坡堆积体体积三维激光扫描仪测量与计算方法[J]. 农业工程学报, 2013, 29(8):135. CHEN Zhanpeng, LEI Tingwu, YAN Qinghong, et al. Measuring and calculation methods for landslide volume with 3-D laser scanner inWenchuan earthquake area[J]. Transactions of the CSAE, 2013, 29(8):135.
[5]	杜鹏飞, 刘孝盈, 宁堆虎. 生产建设项目用地土壤风蚀量监测方法与预报模型分析[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2013, 11(1):117. DU Pengfei, LIU Xiaoying, NING Duihu. Discussion on monitoring methods and prediction models of wind erosion in production and construction projects[J]. Science of Soil and Water Conservation, 2013, 11(1):117.
[6]	郭明明, 王文龙, 李建明, 等. 神府矿区弃土弃渣体侵蚀特征及预测[J]. 土壤学报, 2015, 52(5):1044. GUO Mingming, WANG Wenlong, LI Jianming, et al. Erosion on dunes of overburden and waster slag in ShenFu coalfield and prediction[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2015, 52(5):1044.
[7]	李宏伟, 王文龙, 黄鹏飞, 等. 土石混合堆积体土质可蚀性K因子研究[J]. 泥沙研究, 2014, 4(2):49. LI Hongwei, WANG Wenlong, HUANG Pengfei, et al. Experimental study of soil erodibility factor of earth-rock engineering accumulation in loess areas[J]. Journal of Sediment Research, 2014, 4(2):49.
[8]	黄鹏飞,王文龙, 江忠善, 等. 黄土区工程堆积体水蚀测算模型坡度因子研究[J]. 泥沙研究, 2015, 10(5):57. HUANG Pengfei, WANG Wenlong, JIANG Zhongshan, et al. Study on slope factor of water erosion model for engineering piles in the loess area[J]. Journal of Sediment Research, 2015, 10(5):57.
[9]	水利部, 中国科学院, 中国工程院. 中国水土流失防治与生态安全:开发建设活动卷[M]. 北京:科学出版社, 2010. The Ministry of Water Resources of People's Republic of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China Engineering Academy. China's prevention and control of soil erosion and ecological security:Volume of development and construction activities[M]. Beijing:Science Press, 2010.
[10]	徐永年, 孙秋来. 谈开发建设项目扰动面土壤流失量的预测[J]. 中国水土保持, 2004(3):25. XU Yongnian, SUN Qiulai. Soil loss amount prediction of disturbed land of development and construction projects[J]. Soil and Water Conservation in China, 2004(3):25.
[11]	WISCHMEIER W H, SMITH D D. Predicting rainfall erosion losses:A guide to conservation planting[R]. United States Department of Agriculture. Agriculture Handbook:No. 537. Washington:United States Department of Agriculture, 1978.
[12]	中华人民共和国水利部. 水土保持试验规范:SL419-2007[S]. 北京:中国水利水电出版社, 2008. Ministry of Water Resources of People's Republic of China. Experimental standard of soil and water conservation:SL419-2007[S]. Beijing:China Hydroelectricity Press, 2008.
[13]	张宪奎, 许靖华, 卢秀琴, 等. 黑龙江省土壤流失方程的研究[J]. 水土保持通报, 1992, 12(4):1. ZHANG Xiankui, XU Jinghua, LU Xiuqin, et al. A study on the soil loss equation in Heilongjiang province[J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation, 1992, 12(4):1.
[14]	毕小刚, 段淑怀, 李永贵, 等. 北京山区土壤流失方程探讨[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2006, 4(4):6. BI Xiaogang, DUAN Shuhuai, LI Yonggui, et al. Study on soil loss equation in Beijing[J]. Science of Soil and Water Conservation, 2006, 4(4):6.
[15]	朱青, 王兆骞, 尹迪信. 贵州坡耕地水土保持措施效益研究[J]. 自然资源学报, 2008, 23(2):221. ZHU Qing, WANG Zhaoqian, YIN Dixin. A study on effects of soil and water conservation measurements on sloping land in Guizhou[J]. Journal of Natural Resources, 2008, 23(2):221.
[16]	郑海金, 杨洁, 喻荣岗, 等. 红壤坡地土壤可蚀性K值研究[J]. 土壤通报, 2010, 41(2):425. ZHENG Hainjin, YANG Jie, YU Ronggang, et al. Study on soil erodibility factor K on red-soil sloping land[J]. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 2010, 41(2):425.
[17]	彭冬水, 陈吉虎, 姜德文, 等. 农林开发项目水土保持准入条件[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2010, 8(3):121. PENG Dongshui, CHEN Jihu, JIANG Dewen, et al. Permitted requirements of soil and water conservation for agricultural and forestry projects[J]. Science of Soil and Water Conservation, 2010, 8(3):121.
[18]	NEARING M A. A single, continuous function for slope steepness influence on soil loss[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 1997, 61(3):917.
[19]	章文波, 付金生. 不同类型雨量资料估算降雨侵蚀力[J]. 资源科学, 2003, 25(1):35. ZHANG Wenbo, FU Jinsheng. Rainfall erosivity setimation under different rainfall amount[J]. Resources Science, 2003, 25(1):35.
[20]	WISCHMEIER W H, JOHNSON C B, CROSS B V. A soil erodibility nomograph for farmland and construction sites[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 1971, 26(5):189.
[21]	WILLIAMS J R, JONES C A, DYKE P T. The EPIC model and its application[C]. Proceedings of the international symposium on minimum data sets for agrotechnology transfer. Patancheru P O, Andhra Pradesh, India:International crops research institute for the semi-arid tropics, 1984.
[22]	SHIRAZI M A, BOERSMA L. A unifying quantitative analysis of soil texture[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 1984, 48:142.
[23]	张科利, 谢云, 魏欣, 等. 黄土高原土壤侵蚀评价[M]. 北京:科学出版社, 2015:10. ZHANG Keli, XIE Yun, WEI Xin, et al. Soil erosion evaluation of the Loess Plateau[M]. Beijing:Science Press, 2015:10.