Immobilization and remediation of Cd contaminated soil treated with bentonite, lignite and their mixture
ZHANG Jingjing1, ZHAO Yongqin1, XU Liang1, HUA Dangling1, YANG Qiuyun2
1. College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, 450000, Zhengzhou, China;
2. Collage of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, 450000, Zhengzhou, China
Abstract：[Background]In situ immobilization of heavy metal in contaminated soils with amendments decrease the bioavailability of heavy metals by changing occurrence state of heavy metals in soils, resulting from the reactions of dissolution/precipitation, exchange/adsorption, oxidation/reduction and organic complex. This method has been considered as an important and non-replaceable measure for heavy metal contaminated soil remediation. Natural materials and industrial by-products with high sorption characteristics can be used to the remediation of heavy metal contaminated arable soils, and different amendments have different effects on contaminated soils. Bentonite is a kind of clay mineral dominated by montmorillonite while lignite is rich in humic acid with very low cost. Most current studies use a single passivating agent, and few studies combine organic lignite and inorganic bentonite for heavy metal contaminated soil remediation.[Methods] Pot experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of bentonite (S) and lignite (P) on the occurrence state of cadmium in soils and the uptake of cadmium in different parts of maize growing in contaminated soils sampled from Jiyuan city, Henan province. The addition amounts of bentonite (S) and lignite (P) were 1.5%, 3%, and 5% respectively, and the mixture treatment was based on the orthogonal experimental design. BCR (European Community Bureau of Reference) sequential extraction method was used to assess the remediation effects of amendments on soils polluted by cadmium after incubation and seedling stage.[Results] The mixture of bentonite and lignite in different proportions reduced cadmium content in stem, leaf and roots by 22.2%-49.9% and 9.7%-40.6%, respectively. All the treatments, mixed addition or alone, increased plant height and dry biomass of aboveground part, and decreased the enrichment of cadmium in stem, leaf and roots in contrast to the CK. After immobilization and remediation, the content of cadmium extracted from weak acid in soil was converted to more stable forms. There was no significant difference by bentonite addition alone, while lignite alone significantly reduced the weak acid soluble content of soil Cd. The mixed treatment of bentonite and lignite worked well, and decreased the weak acid extractable content of soil Cd by 10.4%-31.1%.[Conclusions] Regarding the stabilization and remediation effect, lignite treatment worked better than bentonite treatment, and a combination for these two amendments worked the best, which may provide scientific basis for the safety utilization of calcareous soil polluted by cadmium.
杜丽娜, 余若祯, 王海燕, 等. 重金属镉污染及其毒性研究进展[J]. 环境与健康杂志, 2013, 30(2):167. DU Lina, YU Ruozhen, WANG Haiyan, et al. Pollution and toxicityof cadmium:A review of recent studies[J]. Journal of Environment and Health, 2013, 30(2):167.
[2]
ZHANG Jingjing, WANG Yang, LIU Jingshuang, et al. Multivariate and geostatistical analyses of the sources and spatial distribution of heavy metals in agricultural soil in Gongzhuling, Northeast China[J]. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 2016. 16:634.
[3]
MORERA M T, ECHEVERRÍA J C, MAZKIARÁN C, et al. Isotherms and sequential extraction procedures for evaluating sorption and distribution of heavy metals in soils[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2001, 113(2):135.
[4]
徐奕, 赵丹, 徐应明, 等. 膨润土对轻度镉污染土壤钝化修复效应研究[J]. 农业资源与环境学报, 2017, 34(1):38. XU Yi, ZHAO Dan, XU Yingming, et al. Immobilization and remediation of low-level Cd contaminated soil using bentonite[J]. Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment, 2017, 34(1):38.
[5]
丁满, 杨秋云, 化党领, 等. 褐煤基材料对石灰性土壤铅镉生物有效性的影响[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2017, 36(4):678. DING Man, YANG Qiuyun, HUA Dangling, et al. Effects of amendments derived from lignite on Pb, Cd bioavailability of lettuce in calcareous soil[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2017, 36(4):678.
[6]
肖丹丹. 腐植酸对铅镉污染土壤中重金属形态及油菜抗氧化酶活性的影响[D]. 山东泰安:山东农业大学, 2017:1. XIAO Dandan. Effects of humic acid on heavy metal forms and antioxidant enzymes activities in soil contaminated by lead and cadmium[D]. Tai'an, Shandong:Shandong Agricultural University, 2017:1.
[7]
吴烈善, 曾东梅, 莫小荣, 等. 不同钝化剂对重金属污染土壤稳定化效应的研究[J]. 环境科学, 2015, 36(1):309. WU Lieshan, ZENG Dongmei, MO Xiaorong, et al. Immobilization impact of different fixatives on heavy metals contaminated soil[J]. Environmental Science, 2015, 36(1):309.
[8]
高瑞丽, 唐茂, 付庆灵, 等. 生物炭、蒙脱石及其混合添加对复合污染土壤中重金属形态的影响[J]. 环境科学, 2017, 38(1):361. GAO Ruili, TANG Mao, FU Qingling, et al. Fractions transformation of heavy metals in compound contaminated soil treated with biochar, montmorillonite and mixed addition[J]. Environmental Science, 2017, 38(1):361.
[9]
RAURET G, LÍPEZ-SÁNCHEZ J F, SAHUQUILLO A, et al. Application of a modified BCR sequential extraction (three-step) procedure for the determination of extractable trace metal contents in a sewage sludge amended soil reference material (CRM 483), complemented by a three-year stability study of acetic acid and EDTA extractable metal content[J]. Journal of Environmental Monitoring, 2000, 2(3):228.
[10]
景鑫鑫, 李真理, 程海宽, 等. 不同固化剂对玉米吸收铅镉的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2015, 31(15):38. JING Xinxin, LI Zhenli, CHENG Haikuan, et al. Effect of different stabilizers on the uptake of cadmium and lead by maize[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2015, 31(15):38.
[11]
于寒, 梁煊赫, 张玉秋, 等. 不同秸秆还田方式对玉米根际土壤微生物及酶活性的影响[J]. 农业资源与环境学报, 2015, 32(3):305. YU Han, LIANG Xuanhe, ZHANG Yuqiu,et al. Effects of different straw returning modes on soil microorganism and enzyme activity in corn field[J]. Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment, 2015, 32(3):305.
[12]
史新, 徐应明, 谢忠雷, 等. 膨润土对镉胁迫下水稻幼苗生理生化特性的影响[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2012, 28(6):687. SHI Xin, XU Yingming, XIE Zhonglei, et al. Effects of bentonite on physiological and biochemical characteristics of rice seedlings under Cd stress[J]. Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment, 2012, 28(6):687.
[13]
郭丽娜, 刘秀珍, 赵兴杰. 镉胁迫下膨润土对塌棵菜生长及抗性生理的影响[J]. 山西农业大学学报(自然科学版), 2007, 27(1):33. GUO Lina, LIU Xiuzhen, ZHAO Xingjie. Effects of bentonite on the growth and the resistance physiology of brassia narinosa bailey under cadmium stress[J]. Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University, 2007, 27(1):33.
[14]
白玲玉, 陈世宝, 华珞, 等. 腐植酸与Cd、Zn的络合特性研究[J]. 核农学报, 2000, 14(1):44. BAI Lingyu, CHEN Shibao, HUA Luo, et al. Studies on characteristics of complexation of Cd and Zn with humic acids[J]. Acta Agriculturae Nucleatae Sinica, 2000, 14(1):44.
[15]
CANELLAS L P, PICCOLO A, DOBBSS L B, et al. Chemical composition and bioactivity properties of size-fractions separated from a vermicompost humic acid[J]. Chemosphere, 2010, 78(4):457.
[16]
李通, 陈士更, 魏玉莲, 等. 含腐植酸风化煤对土壤-蔬菜系统重金属镉污染修复效果研究[J]. 腐植酸, 2016(6):16. LI Tong, CHEN Shigeng, WEI Yulian, et al. Recovery effect study on weathered coal including humic acid under the pollution of heavy metal cadmium in soil-vegetable system[J]. Humic Acid, 2016(6):16.
[17]
秦丽, 祖艳群, 湛方栋, 等. 续断菊与玉米间作对作物吸收积累镉的影响[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2013, 32(3):471. QIN Li, ZU Yanqun, ZHAN Fangdong, et al. Absorption and accumulation of Cd by Sonchus asper L. Hill. and maize in intercropping systems[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2013, 32(3):471.
[18]
杨素勤, 程海宽, 张彪, 等. 不同品种小麦Pb积累差异性研究[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2014, 30(5):646. YANG Suqin, CHENG Haikuan, ZHANG Biao, et al. Differences in Pb accumulation between wheat varieties[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2014, 30(5):646.
[19]
PUNZ W F, SIEGHARDT H. The response of roots of herbaceous plants species to heavy metals[J]. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 1993, 33(1):85.
[20]
CHANG M Y, JUANG R S. Adsorption of tannic acid, humic acid, and dyes from water using the composite of chitosan and activated clay[J]. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2004, 278(1):18.
[21]
陈磊. 腐植酸液肥、复合肥对"金农丝苗"稻米重金属富集影响的研究[D]. 长沙:中南大学, 2013:1. CHEN Lei. Study on the effects of compound fertilizer and humic acid liquid fertilizer amendments on metal contamination accumulation in Rice[D]. Changsha:Central South University, 2013:1.
[22]
刘秀珍, 赵兴杰, 马志宏. 膨润土和沸石在镉污染土壤治理中的应用[J]. 水土保持学报, 2007, 21(6):83. LIU Xiuzhen, ZHAO Xingjie, MA Zhihong. Application of bentenite and zeolite in dealing soil contaminated by Cd[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2007, 21(6):83.
[23]
周启星, 宋玉芳. 污染土壤修复原理与方法[M]. 北京:科学出版社, 2004:1. ZHOU Qixing, SONG Yufang. Remediation of contaminated soils:Principles and methods[M]. Beijing:Science Press, 2004:1.
[24]
马献发, 李伟彤, 孟庆峰, 等. 简述腐植酸在土壤重金属污染修复的作用[J]. 腐植酸, 2016(6):4. MA Xianfa, LI Weitong, MENG Qingfeng, et al. The remediation effect of heavy metals contaminated soil by humic acid[J]. Humic Acid, 2016(6):4.
[25]
AYARI F, SRASRA E, TRABELSI-AYADI M. Retention of lead from an aqueous solution by use of bentonite as adsorbent for reducing leaching from industrial effluents[J]. Desalination, 2007, 206(1/3):270.
[26]
SUN Y B, LI Y, XU Y M, et al. In situ stabilization remediation of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) co-contaminated paddy soil using bentonite[J]. Applied Clay Science, 2015, 105/106:200.
[27]
杭小帅, 周健民, 王火焰, 等. 粘土矿物修复重金属污染土壤[J]. 环境工程学报, 2007,1(9):113. HANG Xiaoshuai, ZHOU Jianmin, WANG Huoyan, et al. Remediation of heavy metal contaminated soils using clay minerals[J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering, 2007,1(9):113.
[28]
GUPTA S S, BHATTAEHARYYA K G. Adsorption of heavy metals on kaolinite and montmorillonite:a review[J]. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 2012, 14(19):6698.
[29]
BROWN L, SEATON K, MOHSENI R, et al. Immobilization of heavy metals on pillared montmorillonite with a grafted chelate ligand[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2013, 261:181.
[30]
王林, 秦旭, 徐应明, 等. 污灌区镉污染菜地的植物阻隔和钝化修复研究[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2014, 33(11):2111. WANG Lin, QIN Xu, XU Yingming, et al. Phytoexclusion and in-situ immobilization of cadmium in vegetable field in sewage irrigation region[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2014, 33(11):2111.
2019, Vol. 17 
