This article explains Foucault's reflection on the power-knowledge structure and historical impact of French archival practice at the end of the 18th century. The archival reform in France is not only of epoch-making significance to the history of world archival industry, but also a subtle milestone in the intellectual history. The reason why the disciplinary mechanism gradually spread to the entire society in the late 18th century was that the French archival work reform established a universal personal archival system for the first time, and the archival writing network became the medium for the diffusion of discipline. The writing technique, collection technique and individualization technique of archive have achieved a cycle of the "power-knowledge", creating an indelible dual historical process: It not only makes the birth of modern "human science" possible, but also shapes a modern ruling mode of governing society with knowledge by turning "human" into a knowledge object for power intervention. Foucault creatively put the archival phenomenon in the genealogy of power and made a profound reflection, making the archival reform in France an important ideological thread to understand the modernity.