Chinese traditional culture, with its long-standing and profound heritage, serves as a unique spiritual identifier of the Chinese nation. Chinese archival scholars have recognized that integrating traditional Chinese culture with the construction of an independent knowledge system in archival science is not only a continuation of traditional culture but also an inevitable choice for advancing the localized and distinctive development of archival science in China. However, the integration of Chinese traditional culture with the autonomous knowledge system of Chinese archival science faces multiple challenges, including tensions between holistic thinking and disciplinary specialization, collisions between experiential inheritance and scientific norms, conflicts between ethical orientation and instrumental rationality, and disconnections between traditional methods and modern technologies. Exploring solutions through cultural pathways, knowledge production approaches, value systems, and technological integration constitutes the essential direction for constructing China's independent knowledge system in archival science.