Coleopteran are one of the most common pests in the archive rooms. In the case of serious pest outbreaks, the archival papers eaten by pests are irreparably damaged, so it is really important to monitor the situation and prevent the burst of pests in archives. The rapid and accurate identification of coleopteran pests has become a hard case due to the difficulty of collecting pests, the obvious individual differences, the disordered occurrence rules, and the shortage of professional taxonomist. In order to solve this problem, This study used DNA barcoding technology to identify the archival pest samples based on the mitochondrial COI gene, established the archival coleopteran pest DNA barcode database. Beyond that, this study found 3 pairings between adult and larva, which may provide a new way to solve the problem of identifying larva. Finally, this study discussed how to better combine morphological data and DNA barcode data to identity species, illustrated that DNA barcoding technology is a qualified method that can help researchers to identify archival coleopteran pests.