水土保持生态建设下的黄土高原典型流域水沙响应

doi:10.16843/j.sswc.2021276

摘要
图/表
参考文献
相关文章 (15)

全文: HTML (1 KB)
输出: BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)

摘要为探讨黄土高原多沙粗沙区流域水沙关系演变特征及其对水土流失治理的响应，以黄河中游无定河流域为研究对象，综合采用水沙关系曲线、数理统计等多种方法，系统分析1956-2019年间无定河流域水沙关系多时间尺度演变特征及其与水土流失治理的协同响应。研究结果表明：1）研究时段内，无定河流域年径流及年输沙量呈锐减趋势（P<0.05），且均在1970年左右发生减少突变；2）流域水沙关系在年际和场次洪水尺度上均发生深刻变化。2010年以后，暴雨频发导致流域内侵蚀物源头供应明显增加，流域河道泥沙输送能力小幅提高；3）水土保持措施实施对流域水沙锐减影响较大。2000年前后在相似降雨条件下，单位降雨量径流量和单位降雨量输沙量较20世纪70年代减少47%和62%。水土保持措施面积增加与流域径流输沙减少呈现较好的一致性，流域水土流失治理在提高黄河多沙粗沙区流域下垫面抗侵蚀能力等方面发挥重要作用。研究结果可为科学认知区域水土流失治理成效及入黄泥沙锐减成因提供参考。

	服务

	把本文推荐给朋友
	加入我的书架
	加入引用管理器
	E-mail Alert
	RSS
	作者相关文章
	赵阳
	张永娥
	王昭艳
	张国军
	辛艳
	刘冰
	魏小燕

关键词 ：水沙关系, 极端暴雨, 土壤侵蚀, 治理成效, 黄河

Abstract：[Background] Determining the mechanisms that drive the changes in the water-sediment processes in basins due to changes in the environment is a frontier and hot topic of international research. Due to climate change and strong anthropogenic influences, the water-sediment processes in the Yellow River basin have changed drastically, which poses significant challenges for the coordination of water-sediment relationships and the balancing of water and land resources in the basin. Research on the response to the water-sediment processes in basins to the ecological construction of water and soil conservation has an important reference significance for increasing our understanding of the causes of the dramatic changes in the water-sediment processes in the Yellow River basin. [Methods] In order to explore the evolution characteristics of water sediment relationship and its response to soil and water loss control in the sandy and coarse sand area of the Loess Plateau, the Wuding River basin in the middle reaches of the Yellow River was taken as the research object and methods such as the water-sediment relationship curve were used to analyze the multi-time-scale evolution characteristics and driving mechanisms of the water-sediment relationship in the Wuding River basin. [Results] 1) The annual runoff and annual sediment discharge in the Wuding River basin from 1956 to 2019 significantly and suddenly decreased (P<0.05), and the decrease mutation occurred around 1970. The relationship between water and sediment in the basin has undergone profound changes in inter-annual and field flood scales. There were obvious changes in the rainfall-flood and rainfall-sediment relations under extreme rainfall conditions. The parameters of the water sediment relationship curve demonstrated strong temporal variability characteristics. 2) Parameter a showed the tendency rising up at the beginning and sharply declining in late, indicating a significant decrease in sediment supply in the watershed. On the contrary, parameter b displayed the tendency declining at the beginning and sharply rising up in late, indicating extreme precipitation is highly likely to cause high sediment concentration floods. 3) After 2010, the frequent occurrence of heavy rains led to a significant increase in the source supply of the eroded materials in the basin and a small increase in the sediment transport capacity of the river channels in the basin. 4) The implementation of water and soil conservation measures had a significant impact on the water and sediment reduction in the basin. Under similar rainfall conditions, around 2000, the runoff per unit of rainfall and the sediment discharge per unit of rainfall decreased by 47% and 62%, respectively, compared with the values in the 1970s. The increase in the area of soil and water conservation measures was consistent with the decrease in runoff and sediment discharge in the basin. [Conclusions] Soil erosion control has played an important role in improving soil erosion resistance in the sandy and coarse sand area of the Yellow River. These results provide a reference for improving our understanding of the effectiveness of regional soil erosion control measures and the causes of the sharp decrease in the sediment influx in the Yellow River.

Key words： water-sediment relationship extreme rainstorm soil erosion management effectiveness Yellow River

收稿日期: 2021-11-26

PACS:	S157
	TV122

基金资助:国家自然科学基金"极端降雨下的黄河典型流域水沙关系演变及其影响因素研究"（51979290）；宁夏水利科技项目"黄河宁夏段水土保持适宜治理度与措施格局优化对策研究"（SBZZ-J-2021-12）

通讯作者: 王昭艳(1974-),女,正高级工程师。主要研究方向:土壤侵蚀与水土保持。E-mail:wangzhaoys@163.com E-mail: wangzhaoys@163.com

作者简介: 赵阳(1986-),男,博士。主要研究方向:水土保持与水沙调控交叉研究。E-mail:zhaoyang1224@163.com

引用本文:

赵阳, 张永娥, 王昭艳, 张国军, 辛艳, 刘冰, 魏小燕. 水土保持生态建设下的黄土高原典型流域水沙响应[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2024, 22(1): 21-26.
ZHAO Yang, ZHANG Yong'e, WANG Zhaoyan, ZHANG Guojun, XIN Yan, LIU Bing, WEI Xiaoyan. Response of water and sediment to ecological construction of soil and water conservation in the typical watersheds of the Loess Plateau. SSWC, 2024, 22(1): 21-26.

链接本文:

http://journal12.magtechjournal.com/Jweb_stbc/CN/10.16843/j.sswc.2021276 或 http://journal12.magtechjournal.com/Jweb_stbc/CN/Y2024/V22/I1/21

[1]	张金良,刘继祥,万占伟,等. 黄河下游河道形态变化及应对策略[J].人民黄河, 2018, 40(7):1. ZHANG Jinliang, LIU Jixiang, WAN Zhanwei, et al.Channel morphology evolution and corresponding coping strategy in the Lower Yellow River[J]. Yellow River, 2018, 40(7):1.
[2]	殷宝库, 苏鹏飞, 张建国,等. 1985-2020年黄河中游多沙粗沙区水土流失动态变化[J].水土保持通报, 2021, 41(5):123. YIN Baoku, SU Pengfei, ZHANG Jianguo, et al. Dynamic changes of soil and water loss in rich and coarse sediment areas of middle Yellow River Basin from 1985 to 2020[J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation, 2021, 41(5):123.
[3]	胡春宏, 张晓明, 赵阳. 黄河泥沙百年演变特征与近期波动变化成因解析[J]. 水科学进展, 2020, 31(5):725. HU Chunhong, ZHANG Xiaoming, ZHAO Yang. Cause analysis of the centennial trend and recent fluctuation of the Yellow River sediment load [J]. Advances in Water Science, 2020, 31(5):725.
[4]	宁珍, 高光耀, 傅伯杰. 黄土高原流域水沙变化研究进展[J].生态学报, 2020, 40(1):2. NING Zhen, GAO Guangyao, FU Bojie. Changes in streamflow and sediment load in the catchments of the Loess Plateau, China:A review [J]. Acta Ecological Sinica, 2020, 40(1):2.
[5]	连秋晗, 田鹏, 赵广举. 佳芦河流域生态治理影响下的水沙关系变化[J].中国水土保持科学, 2020,18(4):53. LIAN Qiuhan, TIAN Peng, ZHAO Guangju.Change of the runoff-sediment relationship and its response to ecological management in Jialu River Basin [J]. Science of Soil and Water Conservation, 2020, 18(4):53.
[6]	黎铭, 张会兰, 孟铖铖.黄河皇甫川流域水沙关系特性及关键驱动因素[J].水利水电科技进展, 2019, 39(5):29. LI Ming, ZHANG Huilan, MENG Chengcheng.Study on characteristics of water-sediment relationship and key influencing factors in Huangfuchuan Watershed of Yellow River [J]. Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources, 2019, 39(5):29.
[7]	ZHAO Yang, HU Chunhong, CAO Wenhong, et al. Analysis of changes in characteristics of flood and sediment yield in typical basins of the Yellow River under extreme rainfall events [J]. Catena, 2019, 177:31.
[8]	陈康. 黄河水沙变异及其对下游河道连通性的影响[D]. 北京:中国水利水电科学研究院, 2018:23. CHEN Kang. Variation of water and sediment in the Yellow River and its effect on the downstream connectivity [D]. Beijing:China Institute of water resources and Hydropower Research, 2018:23.
[9]	刘晓燕, 杨胜天, 李晓宇, 等. 黄河主要来沙区林草植被变化及对产流产沙的影响机制[J]. 中国科学:技术科学, 2015, 45(10):1052. LIU Xiaoyan, YANG Shengtian, LI Xiaoyu, et al. The current vegetation restoration effect and its influence mechanism on the sediment and runoff yield in severe erosion area of Yellow River Basin [J]. Science China Technological Sciences, 2015, 45(10):1052.
[10]	张洪波, 李娇娇, 辛琛,等. 黄河中游支流无定河流域水沙情势与变异特性[J]. 地球科学与环境学报, 2019, 41(2):241. ZHANG Hongbo, LI Jiaojiao, XIN Chen, et al.Runoff-sediment yield relationship and variation characteristics in Wuding River basin, a branch of the middle Yellow River, China [J]. Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment, 2019, 41(2):241.
[11]	HAN Jianqiao, GAO Jianen, LUO Han.Changes and implications of the relationship between rainfall, runoff and sediment load in the Wuding River basin on the Chinese Loess Plateau [J]. Catena, 2019, 175:228.
[12]	REN Zongping, MA Yongyong, WANG Yousheng, et al. Runoff changes and attribution analysis in tributaries of different geomorphic regions in Wuding River basin[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2019, 12:4309.
[13]	CHANG Jianxia, ZHANG Hongxue, WANG Yimin, et al. Assessing the impact of climate variability and human activities on streamflow variation [J]. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 2016, 20(4):1547.
[14]	卢寿德, 卢广毓, 巩琳. 无定河流域2017年"7·26"暴雨洪水特征分析[J].人民黄河, 2018, 40(12):29. LU Shoude, LU Guangyu, GONG Lin.Analysis of the characteristics of July 26,2017 rainstorm and flood in Wuding River Basin [J]. Yellow River, 2018, 40(12):29.
[15]	姜晓勇.黑河上游地区径流量的变化趋势及其对气候变化的响应[D]. 兰州:西北师范大学, 2008:32. JIANG Xiaoyong. The hydrological change trend of runoff and its response to climatic change in the upper reaches of Heihe River [D]. Lanzhou:Northwest Normal University, 2008:32.
[16]	李文文, 傅旭东, 吴文强, 等. 黄河下游水沙突变特征分析[J].水力发电学报, 2014, 33(1):108. LI Wenwen, FU Xudong, WU Wenqiang, et al.Study on runoff and sediment process variation in the lower Yellow River [J]. Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering, 2014, 33(1):108.
[17]	卢珊, 胡泽勇, 付春伟,等. 黄土高原夏季极端降水及其成因分析[J]. 高原气象, 2022, 41(1):241. LU Shan, HU Zeyong, FU Chunwei, et al, 2022. Characteristics and possible causes for extreme precipitation in summer over the Loess Plateau [J]. Plateau Meteorology, 41(1):241.
[18]	马元旭, 许炯心, 黄河清. 无定河流域悬移质有效输沙流量分析[J]. 泥沙研究, 2010, 55(3):73. MA Yuanxu, XU Jiongxin, HUANG Heqing. Effective discharge for suspended sediment in Wuding River and its tributaries [J]. Journal of Sediment Research, 2010, 55(3):73.
[19]	赵阳,刘冰,张晓明,等. 极端降雨条件下黄河典型流域水沙变化特性研究[J].泥沙研究, 2020, 65(6):47. ZHAO Yang, LIU Bing, ZHANG Xiaoming, et al. Study on flood and sediment yield under extreme precipitation in the Wuding River Basin of the Yellow River [J]. Journal of Sediment Research, 2020, 65(6):47.