Effects and optimal allocation of soil and water conservation measures on the multi-agent combined soil erosion in the Mollisol region, Northeast China
JIA Yanfeng, WANG Jianan, FAN Haoming, SHI Hao, ZHOU Lili, MA Renming
1. College of Water Conservancy, Shenyang Agricultural University, 110866, Shenyang, China; 2. Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion Control and Ecological Restoration in Liaoning Province, 110866, Shenyang, China
Abstract：[Background] The Mollisol region is an important food production base for China, where is suffering from multi-agent combined soil erosion. Soil erosion caused food production reduced by 14.1%. Although the area of soil conservation measures there exceeded 104 m2, these measures were mostly aimed to a single erosion, ignoring the complex characteristics of soil erosion. There were still 218 667 km2 of soil erosion in the Mollisol region, Northeast China in 2019. Whether these soil conservation measures for single erosion can effectively prevent and control the combined erosion of multiple agents needs to be answered urgently.[Methods] Total 115 literatures concerned in soil conservation measures and its benefits about the Mollisol region, Northeast China during 1990-2020 were collected. The effects of conservation measures to prevent water erosion, wind erosion, and freeze/thaw-snowmelt erosion on the sloping farmland were analyzed separately. Taking the slope farmland <5° in the Manchuanmangang for an example, the effect of the current configuration of measures was evaluated and optimized based on the multiple agents erosion intensity.[Results] 1) The conservation measures for black soil sloping farmland were effective in control water erosion. Engineering measures had the best benefits, with a sediment reduction of about 90%, followed by biological measures with a support practice factor of 0.219, and tillage practices reduced sedimentation by more than 70%. 2) Although there were no measures for wind erosion in the non-wind-dominated area,biological measures and conservation tillage measures played a role in wind erosion control. 3) Considering from the two aspects of reducing freeze-thaw damage and regulating snowmelt runoff, measures such as contour farming, conservation tillage, terraces, buffer strip with bund, and vegetation buffer had the functions of weakening freeze-thaw damage, regulating snowmelt runoff, and reducing snowmelt erosion ultimately. 4) Soil losses caused by water erosion accounted for about 73% of the total combined erosion of the black soil area, thus 73% of the soil loss tolerance 1.46 t/hm2 was selected as the control index. And USLE was employed to evaluate and optimize the measures. Based on the current configuration optimization, it was recommended to add conservation tillage and vegetation buffers on the contour farming for 1°-3° slope farmland, and to increase conservation tillage measures on the contour farming and buffer strip with bund for 3°-5° slope farmland.[Conclusions] Although soil conservation measures for black soil sloping farmland have the ability to prevent and control multi-agent compound erosion, the contribution rate of multi-agent erosion should be considered in the configuration of measures in the future.
贾燕锋, 王佳楠, 范昊明, 石昊, 周丽丽, 马仁明. 东北黑土区水土保持措施防治多营力侵蚀的作用与优化配置[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2022, 20(5): 124-132.
JIA Yanfeng, WANG Jianan, FAN Haoming, SHI Hao, ZHOU Lili, MA Renming. Effects and optimal allocation of soil and water conservation measures on the multi-agent combined soil erosion in the Mollisol region, Northeast China. SSWC, 2022, 20(5): 124-132.
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2022, Vol. 20 
