东北黑土区侵蚀沟危害面积识别研究

doi:10.16843/j.sswc.2018.06.004

摘要
图/表
参考文献
相关文章 (14)

全文: HTML (1 KB)
输出: BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)

摘要目前东北黑土区侵蚀沟扩展速度快、危害严重，急需开展大规模治理，但极其缺乏侵蚀沟危害范围方面的研究成果，给政府部门决策、侵蚀沟防治规划制定及治理效益评估带来了很大困难。从侵蚀沟发生、发育特点入手，将侵蚀沟的潜在汇水面积界定为其危害面积的重要组成部分，使得侵蚀沟危害范围不仅能够反映侵蚀沟当前在空间上的影响，又能体现长时间序列尺度上危害的范围。并综合运用GIS空间分析模块，开展了黑土区部分侵蚀沟现状汇水区与潜在汇水边界的识别工作。研究结果表明：不同类型侵蚀沟危害面积差异较为明显。大型沟危害面积显著大于中小型沟，但后者潜在危害面积所占比例极高，未来应作为黑土区侵蚀沟治理的重点，从而有效提高防护工程投入资金费效比。侵蚀沟危害范围识别方法对数据精度要求适中，30 m数字高程模型（DEM）数据与第一次水利普查侵蚀沟矢量数据相配套，就能够满足侵蚀沟汇水边界识别需要。本研究结果可为东北黑土区侵蚀沟治理规划编制和水土保持工程效益评估提供有力科技支撑。

	服务

	把本文推荐给朋友
	加入我的书架
	加入引用管理器
	E-mail Alert
	RSS
	作者相关文章
	欧洋
	阎百兴
	白建宏
	陈浩生
	高远
	李绒萱
	高燕
	张延玲
	崔虎

关键词 ：东北黑土区, 侵蚀沟, 潜在汇水面积, 时空尺度

Abstract：[Background] The black soil area of the Northeast China is an important grain production area and the largest commercial grain production base in China, but the soil texture is loose and the corrosion resistance is poor. Under the driving force of hydraulic erosion, the sheet erosion of a slope-land would develop to a gully on the depression area in the watershed. The First National Water Conservancy Survey (2010) showed that there were more than 295 700 gullies of over 100 meters in the black soil area of northeast China, covering an area of 3 648 km². At present, the gully erosion has been seriously deteriorated, and large-scale control is urgently needed in the black soil region of Northeast China. However, research on the area protected by gully erosion control is extremely scarce, and it had brought great difficulty to government departments in decision-making, gully erosion prevention planning, and evaluation of gully erosion mitigation effectiveness.[Methods] Therefore, based on the characteristics of occurrence and development of gullies, this paper defined the potential catchment area as an important part of its damaged area of gully erosion, thus that damaged scope of a gully not only included the current spatial impact of gully erosion, but also reflected the future development of gully damaged area at temporal scale. On the basis of gullies data in the black soil area of Northeast China from the First National Water Conservancy Survey and digital elevation model (DEM) with 30 m precision, GIS spatial analysis technology was comprehensively used to determine the current and the potential catchment boundary of some gullies in the black soil region.[Results] Based on the 10 m precision DEM, the average error of 460 gullies catchment area was about ±16.04%. The identification error of catchment area for large gullies was small. The difference among the damaged areas of different types of gullies was significant. The damaged area of large-size gullies was significantly larger than that of small-and medium-size gullies, but the latter accounted for a very high proportion of potential damaged area. Small-and medium-size gullies should be considered as prior control in the black soil area in future, so as to effectively increase the cost-effectiveness of investment in protection projects. The length of the gullies was more related to its damaged area than their covering area.[Conclusions] Catchment area is defined as the damaged area of a gully, reflecting the influence of the gullies on different spatial scale areas (direct impact area, indirect influence area, and catchment area), and charactering the development of gullies on the long-term scale (the current catchment area and the potential catchment area). The method of identifying gully damaged area had moderate data accuracy requirements. The 30m DEM data was coupled with vector gullies data from the First-ever Nationwide Water Resources Survey, and the needs of identifying the catchment boundaries of erosive gullies are met.

Key words： black soil region in Northeast China gully catchment area spatial and temporal scale

收稿日期: 2018-04-24

PACS:

S157

基金资助:国家重点研发计划课题"农田排水污染减排与循环利用技术集成与示范"（2018YFD0800904）；国家自然科学基金"东北黑土区农业非点源磷污染最佳管理措施空间优化配置研究"（41201534）

通讯作者: 阎百兴(1965-),男,研究员。主要研究方向:水土保持与面源污染控制。E-mail:yanbx@iga.ac.cn E-mail: yanbx@iga.ac.cn

作者简介: 欧洋(1981-),男,助理研究员。主要研究方向:流域综合管理。E-mail:ouyang@iga.ac.cn

引用本文:

欧洋¹, 阎百兴¹, 白建宏², 陈浩生², 高远³, 李绒萱⁴, 高燕³, 张延玲³, 崔虎¹. 东北黑土区侵蚀沟危害面积识别研究[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2018, 16(6): 24-30.
OU Yang, YAN Baixing, BAI Jianhong, CHEN Haosheng, GAO Yuan, LI Rongxuan, GAO Yan, ZHANG Yanling, CUI Hu. Identifying the damaged area of gully in black soil region of Northeast China. SSWC, 2018, 16(6): 24-30.

链接本文:

http://journal12.magtechjournal.com/Jweb_stbc/CN/10.16843/j.sswc.2018.06.004 或 http://journal12.magtechjournal.com/Jweb_stbc/CN/Y2018/V16/I6/24

[1]	刘兴土, 阎百兴. 东北黑土区水土流失与粮食安全[J]. 中国水土保持, 2009(1):17. LIU Xingtu, YAN Baixing. Soil andwater loss and grain security of black soil region in Northeast China[J]. Soil and Water Conservation in China, 2009(1):17.
[2]	刘宝元, 阎百兴, 沈波, 等. 东北黑土区农地水土流失现状与综合治理对策[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2008, 6(1):1. LIU Baoyuan, YAN Baixing, SHEN Bo, et al. Current status and comprehensive control strategies of soil erosion for cultivated land in the northeastern black soil area of China[J]. Science of Soil and Water Conservation, 2008, 6(1):1.
[3]	许晓鸿, 隋媛媛, 张瑜, 等. 东北丘陵区沟蚀发展现状及影响因素分析[J]. 土壤学报, 2014, 51(4):699. XU Xiaohong, SUI Yuanyuan, ZHANG Yu, et al. Development of gully erosion and its influencing factors in hilly regions of Northeast China[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica,2014,51(4):699.
[4]	中华人民共和国水利部. 第一次全国水利普查水土保持情况公报[J]. 中国水土保持, 2013(10):2. Ministry of Water Resources (MWR), the People's Republic of China. Bulletin of soil and water conservation survey in national census for water resource[J]. Soil and Water Conservation in China, 2013(10):2.
[5]	白建宏, 回莉君. 东北黑土区侵蚀沟发展与危害初步调查[J]. 中国水土保持, 2015(8):68. BAI Jianhong, HUI Lijun.Preliminary investigation on development and damage of gullies in black soil area of Northeast China[J]. Soil and Water Conservation in China, 2015(8):68.
[6]	于章涛, 伍永秋. 黑土地切沟侵蚀的成因与危害[J]. 北京师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2003, 39(5):701. YU Zhangtao, WU Yongqiu. Causes and damages of gully erosion in black land[J]. Journal of Beijing Normal University (Natural Science), 2003, 39(5):701.
[7]	OU Yang, ROUSSEAU A N, WANG Lixia, et al. Spatio-temporal patterns of soil organic carbon and pH in relation to environmental factors:A case study of the Black Soil Region of Northeastern China[J]. Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, 2017, 245:22.
[8]	张永光, 伍永秋, 刘洪鹄, 等. 东北漫岗黑土区地形因子对浅沟侵蚀的影响分析[J]. 水土保持学报, 2007, 21(1):35. ZHANG Yongguang, WU Yongqiu, LIU Honghu, et al. Effect of topography on ephemeral gully erosion in Northeast China with black soils[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2007, 21(1):35.
[9]	范昊明, 顾广贺, 王岩松, 等. 东北黑土区侵蚀沟发育与环境特征[J]. 中国水土保持, 2013(10):75. FAN Haoming, GU Guanghe, WANG Yansong, et al.Characteristics of eroded gully development and environment of black soil region in Northeast China[J]. Soil and Water Conservation in China, 2013(10):75.
[10]	张琳. 东北黑土区漫川漫岗区侵蚀沟评价指标体系[D]. 长春:东北师范大学, 2013:10. ZHANG Lin. The erosion gully evaluation index system of the diffuse gentle hilly area of the Northeast black soil area[D].Changchun:Northeast Normal University, 2013:10.
[11]	汪晓勇, 郑粉莉, 张新和. 上方汇流对黄土坡面侵蚀-搬运过程的影响[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2009, 7(2):7. WANG Xiaoyong, ZHENG Fenli, ZHANG Xinhe. Effects of upslope runoff on detachment and transport processes on loessial hillslopes[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2009, 7(2):7.
[12]	武敏. 坡面汇流汇沙与浅沟侵蚀过程研究[D]. 陕西杨凌:西北农林科技大学, 2005:14. WU Min. Effects of up-slope runoff and sediment on shallow gully erosion process at Loess hillslopes[D].Yangling in Shaanxi:Northwest A&F University, 2005:14.
[13]	伍永秋, 刘宝元. 切沟、切沟侵蚀与预报[J]. 应用基础与工程科学学报, 2000, 8(2):134. WU Yongqiu,LIU Baoyuan. Gully, gully erosion and prediction[J]. Journal of Basic Science and Engineering, 2000, 8(2):134.
[14]	雷阿林, 唐克丽,王文龙. 土壤侵蚀链概念的科学意义及其特征[J]. 水土保持学报, 2000, 14(3):79. LEI Alin, TANG Keli, WANG Wenlong. Significance and character of conception of soil erosion Chain[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2000, 14(3):79.
[15]	ALLEN P M, ARNOLD J G, AUGUSTE L, et al. Application of a simple headcut advance model for gullies[J]. Earth Surface Processes & Landforms, 2018, 43(1):202.
[16]	李智广, 王岩松, 刘宪春, 等. 我国东北黑土区侵蚀沟道的普查方法与成果[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2013, 11(5):9. LI Zhiguang,WANG Yansong, LIU Xianchun, et al.Survey methods and results of erosion gullies in black soil areas of northeastern China[J]. Science of Soil and Water Conservation, 2013, 11(5):9.
[17]	王治国, 张超, 孙保平, 等. 全国水土保持区划概述[J]. 中国水土保持, 2015(12):12. WANG Zhiguo, ZHANG Chao, SUN Baoping, et al. Overview of national soil and water conservation zoning[J]. Soil and Water Conservation in China, 2015(12):12.
[18]	白建宏. 东北黑土区侵蚀沟分级初探[J]. 中国水土保持, 2017(10):41. BAI Jianhong.Study on classification of gullies in black soil area of Northeast China[J]. Soil and Water Conservation in China, 2017(10):41.
[19]	母红丽, 邓青春, 刘辉, 等. 元谋干热河谷冲沟长度与汇水面积的关系[J]. 四川林勘设计, 2014(2):10. MU Hongli,DENG Qingchun,LIU Hui, et al. Relationship between length and catchment area of gullies in the Yuanmou Dry-hot Valley[J]. Sichuan Forestry Exploration and Design, 2014(2):10.
[20]	ROUSSEAU A N, MARTIN M N M, SAVARY S, et al. An algorithm for determining potential rill areas from gridded elevation data:Development and integration in a vegetated filter dimensioning model[C]. AGU Fall Meeting, 2014, December:2.
[21]	ORLANDINI S, MORETTI G. Determination of surface flow paths from gridded elevation data[J]. Water Resources Research, 2009, 45(3):150.
[22]	张维, 杨昕, 汤国安, 等. 基于DEM的平缓地区水系提取和流域分割的流向算法分析[J]. 测绘科学, 2012, 37(2):94. ZHANG Wei,YANG Xin,TANG Guoan, et al.DEM-based flow direction algorithms study of stream extraction and watershed delineation in the low relief areas[J]. Science of Surveying and Mapping, 2012, 37(2):94.